Molecular Precursors In Aqueous Solution For Cigse Solar Cells,
2015
Purdue University
Molecular Precursors In Aqueous Solution For Cigse Solar Cells, Bethany L. Mcilrath, Rakesh Agrawal, Mark J. Koeper
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Thin film solar cells are one of the most promising alternatives to traditional silicon based solar cells. Copper, indium, gallium, and sufur/selenium (CIGS) act as the absorber layer in one type of thin films. CIGS films are preferable to silicon because they can have wider applications, such as flexible solar cells. The highest efficiency CIGS solar cells have been made using either expensive vacuum equipment or highly toxic chemicals. This study investigates non-toxic molecular precursor solutions deposited by spray coating. Stoichiometric amounts of CIGS are dissolved in ammonium thioglycolate and ammonium hydroxide to create the molecular precursor solution. This solution …
Determining Glucose Isomerization Mechanisms On Lewis Acidic Beta Zeolites Using Isotropic Tracer Studies And 1h Nmr,
2015
Purdue University
Determining Glucose Isomerization Mechanisms On Lewis Acidic Beta Zeolites Using Isotropic Tracer Studies And 1h Nmr, Jacklyn N. Hall, Michael J. Cordon, Rajamani Gounder
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Biofuels synthesized from biomass sources are becoming necessary for sustainable production due to their significantly lower net CO2 production than fuels synthesized from fossil-based carbon sources such as petroleum. Catalytic pathways for the primary biomass-to-biofuels reaction pathway include the isomerization of glucose to fructose, which can be catalyzed by either Lewis acids or bases. Isolated metal atoms and metal oxide particles on Beta zeolites serve as active sites that catalyze this reaction through a Lewis acid 1,2-intramolecular hydride shift or by a Lewis base proton transfer mechanism, respectively. The Lewis acid mechanism has proven to have higher fructose selectivity …
Processing Methods And Storage Conditions On Chocolate And Coffee Powder Flow Properties,
2015
Purdue University
Processing Methods And Storage Conditions On Chocolate And Coffee Powder Flow Properties, Sunland L. Gong, Andrea Della Bella, Teresa M. Carvajal
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Powders are widely used in a countless number of industries, and are crucial to the quality control of products in areas such as pharmaceuticals and food. Particle physicochemical properties (morphology, solid state – crystalline, amorphous or both) are important factors for powder flow, which in turn can have significant impact on the stability, performance, and presentation of powders. Different processing methods as well as storage conditions such as relative humidity (RH) can drastically affect powder flow. Due to the widespread use of chocolate and coffee powder around the world, and their importance to the food industry, this work investigates two …
Adsorption Mechanisms Of Palladium On The Tobacco Mosaic Virus Surface,
2015
Purdue University
Adsorption Mechanisms Of Palladium On The Tobacco Mosaic Virus Surface, Gloriia D. Novikova, Oluwamayowa Adigun, Erin Retzlaff-Roberts, Michael T. Harris
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Organic-inorganic materials synthesis using biological templates has recently drawn immense attention of researchers. Biotemplating has shown to be an efficient and economic means of nanomaterials production. Naturally stable, readily available and genetically malleable, Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) is one of the most extensively studied and characterized biotemplates. Particularly, templated synthesis using TMV has produced high quality nanorods and nanowires that have been applied to batteries, memory devices and catalysis. The fundamental mechanisms, governing the adsorption of palladium on the TMV Wild Type and genetically modified versions (TMV1Cys and TMV2Cys), are not fully understood; this knowledge, however, is essential for future …
Oil Recovery In Low Temperature And Salinity Reservoir Rock Using Anionic And Anionic/Cationic Surfactant Formulations,
2015
Purdue University
Oil Recovery In Low Temperature And Salinity Reservoir Rock Using Anionic And Anionic/Cationic Surfactant Formulations, Alec D. Bokhart, Ryan Mulvenna, Bryan Boudouris, Rituraj Borgohain, Cliff Johnston
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
As oil reserves are being depleted in the United States, there is an increasing need to recover the trapped oil in the reservoir rock which accounts for up to 60% of the total oil available. This oil may be recovered using chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques. In our case study, we investigated viable EOR surfactant/polymer formulations for conditions conducive to high efficiency oil recovery in ultra-low salinity, low temperature, and high hardness reservoirs. Formulations were screened for Winsor Phase I (microemulsions) or Winsor Phase III (bicontinuous emulsions),: both of which are conducive to high efficiency oil recovery. Strong emulsion …
Dissolution Of Chalcogens In Amine Thiol Solvents For Use In Nanoparticles,
2015
Purdue University
Dissolution Of Chalcogens In Amine Thiol Solvents For Use In Nanoparticles, Gaurav A. Mittal, Caleb K. Miskin, Rakesh Agrawal
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Lead chalcogenide quantum dots have been shown to be ideal materials for solar cells due to their tunable band gap. Developing a dissolution procedure for chalcogens will help lower the production cost of the solar cells produced by the associated nanoparticles. Dissolution was performed in both aqueous and nonaqueous solutions. Precursors for sulfur and selnium were dissolved in both the aqueous solution of ammonium thioglycolate and ammonium hydroxide and in combinations of amines and thiols. Precursors for tellurium were dissolved in ethylenediamine and different thiols. Lead telluride forms larger microparticles that can be suitable for thermoelectric devices. The optimum solutions …
Synthesis, Characterization, And Thermoelectric Properties Of Radical Siloxanes,
2015
Georgia Institute of Technology - Main Campus
Synthesis, Characterization, And Thermoelectric Properties Of Radical Siloxanes, Arnold J. Eng, Bryan Boudouris, Edward P. Tomlinson, Martha Emily Hay
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
More than half of the annual energy consumption in the United States is lost as waste heat. Polymer-based thermoelectric devices have the potential to utilize this waste heat both sustainably and cost-effectively. Although conjugated polymers currently dominate research in organic thermoelectrics, the potential of using polymers with radical pendant groups have yet to be realized. These polymers have been found to be as conductive as pristine (i.e., not doped) poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), a commonly-used charge-transporting conjugated polymer. This could yield promising avenues for thermoelectric material design as radical polymers are more synthetically tunable and are hypothesized to have a high Seebeck …
The Identification Of Optimal Pathways In Synechocystis Sp. Pcc 6803 By Flux Balance Analysis,
2015
Purdue University
The Identification Of Optimal Pathways In Synechocystis Sp. Pcc 6803 By Flux Balance Analysis, Ning Xuan Yip, John A. Morgan, Longyun Guo
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Cyanobacteria are microorganisms considered advantageous for producing valuable compounds because of their high growth rates compared to plants. They also can be grown at large scale in photobioreactors. This research aims to use metabolic engineering strategies to maximize the phenylalanine yield in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Our hypothesis is flux balance analysis will give different flux distributions with different objective functions. The scope of the project is modeling photoautotrophic metabolism of cyanobacteria with a genome scale stoichiometric model, testing several alternative objective functions. We also examined the tradeoff between growth and L-phenylalanine production with flux balance analysis. A linear programming …
Carbon Dioxide Sequestration To Form Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles,
2015
Purdue University
Carbon Dioxide Sequestration To Form Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles, Krista E. Stump, Michael T. Harris
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
The emission of carbon dioxide caused by burning fossil fuels is one of the leading sources of global warming. Reducing the amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere through carbon sequestration can mitigate this problem. One method of carbon sequestration is the use of a carbon dioxide scrubber. Once captured, CO2 can be used to create a valuable chemical commodity such as calcium carbonate nanoparticles. To create CaCO3 particles in the 50-100 nanometer range, a chemical additive is necessary to limit particle size. The study used a laboratory scale carbon dioxide scrubber to react CO2 with …
Development Of A Novel Enzymatic Pre-Treatment For Lignocellulosic Biomass,
2015
Purdue University
Development Of A Novel Enzymatic Pre-Treatment For Lignocellulosic Biomass, Melissa Robins, Jenna Rickus
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Biofuels, fuels derived directly from living matter, present a renewable and environmentally friendly alternative to petroleum based fuels. Bioethanol produced from low input energy crops or agricultural waste is a promising fuel source because it does not interfere with the human food supply chain and the ethanol produced can be blended with gasoline. These potential sources of bioethanol are not yet commercially viable due to a polymer called lignin present in the plant’s cell wall which impedes the conversion of cellulose to glucose and the eventual fermentation of glucose to ethanol. Developing new methods for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass …
Mechanical Dispersion Of A Semi-Solid Binder In A Wet Granulation Process,
2015
Purdue
Mechanical Dispersion Of A Semi-Solid Binder In A Wet Granulation Process, Justin W. Perry, James D. Litster, Nathan J. Davis
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
High viscosity surfactant pastes have recently gained popularity in the production of high efficiency laundry detergents due to their ability to increase surfactant loading in granules. When using high viscosity semi-solid binders a unique challenge is presented because it forces granules to be formed primarily by mechanical dispersion; a relatively poorly understood process. Developing mechanistic models of this process will enhance knowledge of mechanical dispersion processes and improve process development for granules produced using this method. Experiments to determine the effect of three process parameters; paste temperature, impeller RPM, and time were carried out in a lab-scale granulator. Binder temperature …
Application Of Fiscal Incentives For Development Of East Natuna Gas Field For Long-Term National Natural Gas Demand,
2015
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
Application Of Fiscal Incentives For Development Of East Natuna Gas Field For Long-Term National Natural Gas Demand, Marwan Batubara, Widodo Wahyu Purwanto, Akhmad Fauzi
Makara Journal of Technology
East Natuna gas field, which has proven reserves of 46 trillion cubic feet, is projected to meet long-term natural gas needs. However, CO2-content of the gas reserves reaches 71%, leading to expensive development costs. This research investigates the feasibility of the field based on several fiscal incentives. Firstly, gas supply-demand until year 2040 was analyzed. Then, based on the analysis, the field was developed using high CO2 gas separation technology to produce gas of 1300 MMSCFD in 2023, 2600 MMSCFD in 2031, and 3900 MMSCFD in 2039. Finally, the economic feasibility was assessed using cash flow analysis in accordance with …
Thermodynamic Analysis Of Irreversible Heat-Transformers,
2015
Department of Applied Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, 4 Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
Thermodynamic Analysis Of Irreversible Heat-Transformers, Niccolo` Giannetti, Arnas Arnas, Andrea Rocchetti, Kiyoshi Saito
Makara Journal of Technology
Absorption heat transformers extend the possibilities for efficient and environment-friendly energy conversion processes. Based on a general thermodynamic model of three-thermal cycles with finite thermal capacity of the heat sources, this paper is intent upon analyzing and optimizing the performance of absorption heat transformers, by including the influence of irreversibility in the analytical expression of the system efficiency. Dimensionless parameters for an overall optimization are defined and a first screening is performed to clarify their influence. Dependence on the main factors is highlighted to suggest how to change them in order to enhance the whole system performance. Under this point …
A New Method For Simulating Power Flow Density Focused By A Silicon Lens Antenna Irradiated With Linearly Polarized Thz Wave,
2015
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Nakaku, Hamamatsu 432-8011, Japan
A New Method For Simulating Power Flow Density Focused By A Silicon Lens Antenna Irradiated With Linearly Polarized Thz Wave, Catur Apriono, Eko Tjipto Rahardjo, Norihisa Hiromoto
Makara Journal of Technology
A terahertz system uses dielectric lens antennas for focusing and collimating beams of terahertz wave radiation. Linearly polarized terahertz wave radiation has been widely applied in the terahertz system. Therefore, an accurate method for analyzing the power flow density in the dielectric lens antenna irradiated with the linearly polarized terahertz wave radiation is important to design the terahertz systems. In optics, ray-tracing method has been used to calculate the power flow density by a number density of rays. In this study, we propose a method of ray-tracing combined with Fresnel’s transmission, including transmittance and polarization of the terahertz wave radiation …
High Temperature Corrosion Of Aluminized Aisi 4130 Steel With The Different Composition Of Nacl/Na2so4 Deposits,
2015
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung 35145, Indonesia
High Temperature Corrosion Of Aluminized Aisi 4130 Steel With The Different Composition Of Nacl/Na2so4 Deposits, Mohammad Badaruddin, Chaur Jeng Wang, Yudhistyra Saputra, Abu Khalid Rivai
Makara Journal of Technology
The high temperature corrosion of AISI 4130 steel can be increased by hot-dip aluminizing coating. The aluminized steel specimens with the deposit composition of 100/0, 30/70, 50/50, 70/30, and 0/100 (wt.%) NaCl/Na2SO4 were oxidized at 750 °C for 1-49 h periods. According to a parabolic rate constant (kp) value, the aluminized steel with deposit composition of 70/30 NaCl/Na2SO4 shows the highest kp value (3.71 × 10-11 g2cm- 4s-1), later followed by the kp value of 3.35 × 10-11 g2cm-4s-1 for 100/0 and the lowest kp value is 7.731 × 10-12 g2cm-4s-1 for 0/100. Whereas, the kp value for the aluminized …
Effects Of Supplier-Manufacturer Relationships On Supply-Chain Performance Of Manufacturing Industries In Indonesia,
2015
Department of Industrial Engineering, Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, Kamal Bangkalan 69162, Indonesia
Effects Of Supplier-Manufacturer Relationships On Supply-Chain Performance Of Manufacturing Industries In Indonesia, Rachmad Hidayat, Khisbullah Hudha, Sabarudin Akhmad
Makara Journal of Technology
The present study describes the relationships between commitment, communication, satisfaction, trust, relationship quality with suppliers, and supply-chain performance. The population of the study was manufacturing companies in Indonesia. Respondents were the chief executive officers or corporate secretaries or the designated managers involved in strategic decision making. Samples were taken by using a proportional area random sampling technique. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used for analysis. Results of both direct and indirect testing of hypothesis indicated two hypotheses of positive and significant effects and nine hypotheses of positive but insignificant effects. Those hypotheses of positive and significant effects were the direct …
Stochastic Optimization Of Supply Chain Risk Measures –A Methodology For Improving Supply Security Of Subsidized Fuel Oil In Indonesia,
2015
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
Stochastic Optimization Of Supply Chain Risk Measures –A Methodology For Improving Supply Security Of Subsidized Fuel Oil In Indonesia, Adinda Yuanita, Andi Noorsaman Sommeng, Anondho Wijonarko
Makara Journal of Technology
Monte Carlo simulation-based methods for stochastic optimization of risk measures is required to solve complex problems in supply security of subsidized fuel oil in Indonesia. In order to overcome constraints in distribution of subsidized fuel in Indonesia, which has the fourth largest population in the world—more than 250,000,000 people with 66.5% of productive population, and has more than 17,000 islands with its population centered around the nation's capital only—it is necessary to have a measurable and integrated risk analysis with monitoring system for the purpose of supply security of subsidized fuel. In consideration of this complex issue, uncertainty and probability …
Transmission Electron Microscopy Characterization Of High-Temperatur Oxidation Of Fe-20cr-5al Alloy Prepared By Focused Ion Beam Technique,
2015
Center for Science and Technology of Advanced Materials – National Nuclear Energy Agency (PSTBM-BATAN) PUSPIPTEK Serpong, Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
Transmission Electron Microscopy Characterization Of High-Temperatur Oxidation Of Fe-20cr-5al Alloy Prepared By Focused Ion Beam Technique, Mohammad Dani, Pudji Untoro, Teguh Yulius Surya Panca Putra, Parikin Parikin, Joachim Mayer, Arbi Dimyati
Makara Journal of Technology
The Focused Ion Beam (FIB) technique was applied for cross section preparation of the oxidized alloy for Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) study. Prior to preparation, the specimens of Fe-20Cr-5Al alloy sheet were oxidized in air at 1200 oC for 2 minutes, 10 minutes, 2 hours, and 100 hours. The microstructure and elemental composition of the samples were characterized using TEM equipped with an Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) was used to determine of the light elements. The TEM investigation reveals remarkable microstructure evolution of the specimens during oxidation which generally exhibit a typical multi-layer …
Synthesis Of Renewable Aromatic Chemicals And Fuels From Biomass Derived Lignin Model Compounds,
2015
Clemson University
Synthesis Of Renewable Aromatic Chemicals And Fuels From Biomass Derived Lignin Model Compounds, Bethany Carter
All Dissertations
Lignocellulosic biomass is the most viable choice for producing high-value chemicals, materials, liquid transportation fuels, and energy from a renewable source. Lignin, in particular, is of interest because it serves as the only significant source of renewable aromatic carbon. Commercially, the Kraft pulping process is the predominant method for separating lignin and hemicellulose (collectively called black liquor) from the cellulose fraction of woody biomass. To enable the production of low molecular weight compounds such phenols and aromatic acids, high-purity, low-ash lignin must first be extracted from the black liquor. This separation is achieved using the Sequential Liquid- Lignin Recovery Process, …
Oxidized Phospholipids Regulation Of The Monocyte Recruitment Parthway In Human Aortic Endothelial Cells,
2015
Western Michigan University
Oxidized Phospholipids Regulation Of The Monocyte Recruitment Parthway In Human Aortic Endothelial Cells, Piao Jian Tan
Masters Theses
Low-density lipoprotein particles in blood plasma invade the endothelium and become oxidized, creating risk of CHD associated with atherosclerosis, the main underlying condition in coronary heart disease. Oxidation products of the phospholipid 1-palmitoyl- 2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphatidylcholine (PAPC) are bioactive components of minimally oxidized LDL that stimulate endothelial cells that line the artery, leading to monocyte binding and atherosclerosis. It is hypothesized that the regulation of the monocyte recruitment pathway by these oxidized phospholipids is mediated by the binding of OxPAPC to one or more mediating proteins. Human recombinant VEGFR2, GRP78, and EP2bind to OxPNB, a biotinylated analog of OxPAPC, demonstrated using Western …
