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The Endocytotic Fate Of A Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle Supported Lipid Bylayer Crispr Delivery Vehicle, Angelea Maestas-Olguin 2019 University of New Mexico - Main Campus

The Endocytotic Fate Of A Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle Supported Lipid Bylayer Crispr Delivery Vehicle, Angelea Maestas-Olguin

2019 Award Winners

No abstract provided.


Methane Dry Reforming Reaction On Cr, V, In, And Ga Supported Sapo-34 Zeolite, Ehigiator Festus Ojo 2019 Missouri University of Science and Technology

Methane Dry Reforming Reaction On Cr, V, In, And Ga Supported Sapo-34 Zeolite, Ehigiator Festus Ojo

Masters Theses

”The CO2 reforming of methane is a significant research area in mitigating and transforming two greenhouse gases for the production of syngas. The reaction has been investigated for four different promoted catalysts to determine their reactant's conversion, product’s selectivity, and their respective syngas ratios.

The catalytic test was investigated under atmospheric conditions at 600⁰C for 6.5h with a WHSV of 4800 ml g-1 h-1. The conversion and selectivity of catalysts 9Al 1V-inc SAPO-34, 9Al 1Cr-inc SAPO-34, 9Al 1Ga-inc SAPO-34, and 9Al 1In-inc SAPO-34 were analyzed. The CH4 conversion for the different catalysts are, 9Al 1Cr-inc …


Development Of Zero-Waste Package For Asphalt From Natural Rubber / Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer Thermoplastic Vulcanizates, Nappaphan Kunanusont 2019 Faculty of Engineering

Development Of Zero-Waste Package For Asphalt From Natural Rubber / Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer Thermoplastic Vulcanizates, Nappaphan Kunanusont

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Asphalt is normally delivered in liquid form which was heated all the time. It consumes more energy and need the special truck to deliver it. An alternative way to deliver the asphalt in form of solid covered with package can reduce energy consumption and normal truck can be used to deliver. The objective of this research was to develop the zero-waste package for asphalt that was no waste after use and not harmful to asphalt properties. The research consists of two parts which are (1) development of package from natural rubber (NR) and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) thermoplastic vulcanizates …


Separation Of Trace Palladium Chloro Complexes From Wastewater Of Electroless Plating Process Via Hollow Fiber Supported Liquid Membrane, Vanee Mohdee 2019 Faculty of Engineering

Separation Of Trace Palladium Chloro Complexes From Wastewater Of Electroless Plating Process Via Hollow Fiber Supported Liquid Membrane, Vanee Mohdee

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The separation of palladium (Pd (II)) from wastewater containing copper (Cu (II)) and nickel (Ni (II)) is investigated via hollow fiber supported liquid membrane (HFSLM). The viability to separate Pd (II) was established by controlling the influence of operating conditions viz. aqueous feed acidity, carrier concentration, types of stripping solution as well as flows rate of feed and stripping solutions. A complete separation of Pd (II) acheiving >99% extraction and 87.09% recovery was demonstrated under optimum conditions of 6%(v/v) Aliquat 336, pH 2 as aqueous feed acidity, 0.5 M thiourea mixed with 0.1 M HCl as a strippant and 100 …


Production Of Bio-Jet Fuel From Palm Fatty Acid Distillate Over Bi-Functional Copd/Hzsm-12 Catalysts, Jarujit Chaowichitra 2019 The Petroleum and Petrochemical College

Production Of Bio-Jet Fuel From Palm Fatty Acid Distillate Over Bi-Functional Copd/Hzsm-12 Catalysts, Jarujit Chaowichitra

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Jet fuel is one of the major products from a petroleum refinery, its combustion emissions contribute to global warming. Therefore, bio-jet fuel is introduced to solve this problem. Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) is an interesting feedstock for bio-jet fuel production via three reactions including deoxygenation, hydrocracking, and isomerization. In this study, the monometallic (Co and Pd) and bimetallic (CoPd and NiPd) supported on HZSM-12 zeolite with various metal loadings and bimetallic CoPd with various zeolite supports (HZSM-12, HZSM-5, and HY) were investigated in a continuous flow trickle bed reactor. The presence of bimetallic CoPd on HZSM-12 zeolite support enhanced …


The Study Of Sulfur Compounds For Oils Fingerprinting Application, Titiparn Prasantongkolmol 2019 The Petroleum and Petrochemical College

The Study Of Sulfur Compounds For Oils Fingerprinting Application, Titiparn Prasantongkolmol

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Oil spills are one of the serious problems to marine and coastal environment worldwide. Besides the known incidents, a number of oil spills are unknown, which may come from both accident and unauthorized drainage. Moreover, the spills cause tarball to arise on the beach and the origin of tarballs are still subtle. Thus, the development of oil fingerprinting is important in order to identify the origin of oil spills and tarballs. Generally, the current standard technique is using GCxGC-TOFMS to analyze the biomarker compounds in oil such as hopane groups. However, this technique is expensive and requires long time for …


Pelletization Of Nickel Catalyst For Hydrogen Production From Glycerol Steam Reforming, Jinnawat Saengsawang 2019 Faculty of Engineering

Pelletization Of Nickel Catalyst For Hydrogen Production From Glycerol Steam Reforming, Jinnawat Saengsawang

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This work investigated the pelletization of Ni/Al2O3 catalyst for hydrogen production from glycerol steam reforming (GSR). Effects of preparation methods, binders, and pellet shapes (cylindrical/spherical) on the catalyst's physicochemical properties and catalytic performance in a fixed-bed reactor were considered. Freshly prepared catalyst was characterized with XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, SEM/EDX, H2-TPR, and H2-chemisorption. The crushing strength of the catalyst pellets was also evaluated by a hydraulic press. GSR was carried out at a water to glycerol molar ratio of 9: 1, a total liquid flow rate of 0.04 ml/min, 600 ºC, and 1 atm. Ni/Al2O3 catalyst pellets showed superior catalytic performance …


Reinforcing Natural Rubber Latex Foam With Nano And Micro Cellulose Fibers Via Dunlop Method, Sirilak Phomrak 2019 Faculty of Engineering

Reinforcing Natural Rubber Latex Foam With Nano And Micro Cellulose Fibers Via Dunlop Method, Sirilak Phomrak

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Natural rubber latex foam (NRLF) was reinforced with micro- and nano-cellulose at a loading content of 5-20 parts per hundred of rubber (phr) via the Dunlop process. Cellulose powder from eucalyptus pulp and bacterial cellulose (BC) was used as a microcellulose (MC) and nanocellulose (NC) reinforcing agent, respectively. NRLF, NRLF-MC, and NRLF-NC exhibited interconnected macroporous structures with a high porosity and a low-density. The forms contained pores with sizes in a range of 10-500 µm. As compared to MC, NC had a better dispersion inside the NRLF matrix and showed a higher adhesion to the NRLF matrix, resulting in a …


Prediction Of Catalyst Bed Density And Simulation Of Glycerol Steam Reformer For Hydrogen Production, Vorathorn Charoensuk 2019 Faculty of Engineering

Prediction Of Catalyst Bed Density And Simulation Of Glycerol Steam Reformer For Hydrogen Production, Vorathorn Charoensuk

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

A simple method was proposed to generate a rigid model and to predict the packing density of catalyst using Blender software. It is a free and open-source 3D creation suite animating catalyst pellets freely falling into a container. The effects of different catalyst shapes (sphere and cylinder) and sizes (2–5 mm) on the packing density of catalyst bed were investigated. It was found that the void fraction decreased with decreasing catalyst pellet diameter for all reactor diameters (18-50 mm). Moreover, the void fraction decreased with increasing reactor size for all catalyst shapes and sizes. The results also showed that the …


Campaign Structure Distillation For Methyl Palmitate Separation From Palm Oil Biodiesel Using Vacuum Batch Distillation, Supakorn Songpanit 2019 Faculty of Engineering

Campaign Structure Distillation For Methyl Palmitate Separation From Palm Oil Biodiesel Using Vacuum Batch Distillation, Supakorn Songpanit

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Nowadays, the competition of palm oil biodiesel production in Thailand will increase essentially in the sector for the next few years. Therefore, this study aims to find a new approach for converting palm oil biodiesel or fatty acid methyl ester mixture, into a specialty chemical to increase the value of palm oil biodiesel. Campaign structure distillation was considered to design a separation process using vacuum batch distillation, and turn only one batch process into the sequence of methyl ester cut as a continuous process. The objective is to study the effect of operating parameters on campaign structure distillation for methyl …


Synthesis Of Vanadium-Type Mg(Oet)2-Ziegler-Natta Catalystfor Ethylene/1-Hexene Copolymerization, Fah Chaitosa 2019 Faculty of Engineering

Synthesis Of Vanadium-Type Mg(Oet)2-Ziegler-Natta Catalystfor Ethylene/1-Hexene Copolymerization, Fah Chaitosa

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) is used in broad range applications in either commodity or engineering products. Besides a length of branches contained in the polymer chain, an amount and distribution also play key roles determining polymer properties. Vanadium-type Ziegler Natta catalyst is known that it could give high comonomer incorporation and use in elastomer production. However, only a few studies devoted to vanadium species and their effects on catalyst performances and polymer properties in long α-olefins copolymerization. In this study, reaction temperatures during catalyst preparation were intensively studied. The result in this part showed that the vanadium content was ca. …


Effects Of Pyridine-Based Electron Donors On Ziegler-Natta Catalyst Performance In Ethylene/1-Hexene Copolymerization, Natchayapak Phiromphu 2019 Faculty of Engineering

Effects Of Pyridine-Based Electron Donors On Ziegler-Natta Catalyst Performance In Ethylene/1-Hexene Copolymerization, Natchayapak Phiromphu

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) is a type of polymer that has been used in a wide range of applications because of its attractive mechanical properties. The mainly synthetic polyolefins are produced by supported Ziegler-Natta catalysts (ZN). The major components to modify ZN catalyst contain active Ti species precursor, aluminum alkyl cocatalyst, MgCl2 support and electron donor. The MgCl2-supported titanium catalysts have the multiple types of active centers. Thus, the copolymers having broad molecular weight distribution (MWD) and chemical composition distribution (CCD). However, the drawback of ZN catalyst is its very low comonomer insertion. In this research, the author would like …


Effects Of Alkyl-Substituted Aromatic Amines Of Polybenzoxazine On Friction And Wear Properties Of Brake Pads, Anun Wongpayakyotin 2019 Faculty of Engineering

Effects Of Alkyl-Substituted Aromatic Amines Of Polybenzoxazine On Friction And Wear Properties Of Brake Pads, Anun Wongpayakyotin

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This work aims to study the effects of alkyl-substituted aromatic amines of polybenzoxazine resins used as binders of non-asbestos friction composite materials. Effects of thermosetting resins (BA-ot, BA-mt, BA-pt, BA-a, and BA-35x) used as a binder of friction composite materials on thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties, mechanical properties, and tribological performances are investigated. The different chemical networks of polybenzoxazine resulting in differences in the crosslink density and glass transition temperature (Tg) of friction composite materials. The enhancement of crosslink density values of polybenzoxazine composites (F-BA-ot < F-BA-pt < F-BA-a < F-BA-mt < F-BA-35x) resulting to bind other ingredients stronger and more tightly. From the experiment, it can be concluded that the higher crosslink density will result in higher thermal and mechanical properties, lower friction coefficient, and lesser specific wear rate.


การสังเคราะห์แคลเซียมออร์โทฟอสเฟตจากเกล็ดปลากะพงขาว, ชยพัทธ์ ธรรมนิพิท 2019 คณะวิศวกรรมศาสตร์

การสังเคราะห์แคลเซียมออร์โทฟอสเฟตจากเกล็ดปลากะพงขาว, ชยพัทธ์ ธรรมนิพิท

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ปลากะพงขาวเป็นปลาเศรษฐกิจที่สำคัญของประเทศไทย เกล็ดปลากระพงถือเป็นของเสียจากอุตสาหกรรมแปรรูปอาหาร ซึ่งมีประมาณร้อยละ 4 ของน้ำหนัก เกล็ดจากปลากะพงขาวน้ำจืดที่ผลิตในประเทศไทยมีองค์ประกอบโดยน้ำหนักแห้งเป็นสารอนินทรีย์ร้อยละ 53.61 และสารอินทรีย์ร้อยละ 46.39 สภาวะที่เหมาะสมในการสกัดเกลือแร่โดยรักษาความคงตัวของโปรตีนคอลลาเจนที่อยู่ในเกล็ดปลา ระดับห้องปฏิบัติการ เริ่มจากการเตรียมเกล็ดปลาด้วยการล้างด้วยโซเดียมคลอไรด์ร้อยละ 10 ตามด้วยโซเดียมไฮดรอกไซด์ 0.1 โมลาร์ เพื่อกำจัดโปรตีนที่ไม่ใช่คอลลาเจนและไขมันออกโดยใช้ปฏิกิริยาไฮโดรไลซิส เกล็ดปลาถูกตัดให้มีขนาด 0.0625 ตารางเซนติเมตรและทุบให้แตกเพื่อเพิ่มพื้นที่ผิว จากนั้นจึงสกัดเกลือแร่โดยใช้กรดไฮโดรคลอริกความเข้มข้น 1 โมลาร์ เป็นเวลาอย่างน้อย 6 ชั่วโมง แล้วสะเทินกลับเกลือแร่ด้วยการปรับพีเอชของสารละลายเป็น 7 ด้วยโซเดียมไฮดรอกไซด์ และล้างโซเดียมคลอไรด์ที่เกิดจากการสะเทินด้วยน้ำปราศจากไอออนจำนวนมาก ผลจากวิธีการสกัดนี้ได้เกลือแร่ร้อยละ 52.97 โดยน้ำหนักแห้ง เกลือแร่นี้ถูกนำไปให้ความร้อนที่อุณหภูมิ 1100 องศาเซลเซียส ทำให้เกิดแคลเซียมออร์โทฟอสเฟตวัฏภาคผสมระหว่างไฮดรอกซีอะพาไทต์และเบต้า-ไตรแคลเซียมฟอสเฟต ซึ่งพบปริมาณเบต้า-ไตรแคลเซียมฟอสเฟตสูงสุดร้อยละ 79.85 เมื่อเปลี่ยนพีเอชของสารละลายในกระบวนนการสะเทินกลับเกลือแร่ให้มีความเป็นด่างมากขึ้น จะทำให้เกิดวัฏภาคเบต้า-ไตรแคลเซี่ยมฟอสเฟตน้อยลง แคลเซียมออร์โทฟอสเฟตที่ผลิตได้ไม่แสดงความเป็นพิษต่อเซลล์ผิวหนังหนู (L929) เมื่อทดสอบตามมาตรฐาน ISO10993-5 แบบทางอ้อม


Techno-Economic Analysis Of Alternative Processes For Alcohol-Assisted Methanol Synthesis From Carbon Dioxide And Hydrogen, Natthee Khunathorncharoenwong 2019 Faculty of Engineering

Techno-Economic Analysis Of Alternative Processes For Alcohol-Assisted Methanol Synthesis From Carbon Dioxide And Hydrogen, Natthee Khunathorncharoenwong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The novel methanol production from carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2) called alcohol-assisted process is simulated. Although the alcohol-assisted process allows the reduction in operating temperature and pressure, the subsequent product purification is complicated. Comparative studies between the conventional CO2 hydrogenation and the alcohol-assisted processes are carried out (case I-V). The alcohol-assisted processes present the opportunity of increasing the CO2 conversion per-pass and reducing the hydrogen consumption, the barriers in the conventional process. However, the product purifications remain challenging due to the azeotrope of methanol and by-products. Energy consumptions decrease in the feed and reaction sections of the alcohol-assisted processes …


เกราะแข็งกันกระสุนแบบหลายชั้นสมรรถนะสูงจากพอลิเบนซอกซาซีนคอมพอสิท : ผลของการเสริมแรงด้วยกราฟีน, ชุติมา มีสัจจานนท์ 2019 คณะวิศวกรรมศาสตร์

เกราะแข็งกันกระสุนแบบหลายชั้นสมรรถนะสูงจากพอลิเบนซอกซาซีนคอมพอสิท : ผลของการเสริมแรงด้วยกราฟีน, ชุติมา มีสัจจานนท์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

งานวิจัยนี้มีจุดมุ่งหมายเพื่อพัฒนาวัสดุสำหรับใช้เป็นเกราะกันกระสุนคอมพอสิทแบบหลายชั้นจากวัสดุพอลิเบนซอกซาซีน-ยูรีเทนคอมพอสิท ที่เติมแผ่นกราฟีน (Graphene Nanoplatelets: GnPs) ปริมาณต่างๆ เสริมแรงด้วยเส้นใยอะรามิด เพื่อให้มีประสิทธิภาพในการต้านทานแรงปะทะทางขีปนะสูงขึ้นซึ่งมีตัวแปรที่สำคัญอย่างหนึ่งคือการดูดซับพลังงาน โดยศึกษาปริมาณการเติมแผ่นกราฟีนที่ 0.0, 0.25, 0.50, และ 0.75 เปอร์เซ็นต์โดยน้ำหนัก ต่อสมบัติทางกลของวัสดุ พบว่าการเติมแผ่นกราฟีนส่งผลต่อสมบัติทางกลของวัสดุ โดยการเติมปริมาณแผ่นกราฟีน 0.25 เปอร์เซ็นต์โดยน้ำหนัก เป็นปริมาณที่เหมาะสมที่สุดในการปรับปรุงสมบัติทางกลทั้งค่าความแข็งแรง มอดูลัส และโดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งการดูดซับพลังงาน จึงเหมาะจะนำไปประยุกต์ใช้เป็นแผ่นดูดซับพลังงานของเกราะกันกระสุนคอมพอสิทแบบหลายชั้น และตรวจสอบความหนาของวัสดุคอมพอสิทที่เหมาะสมจะนำมาประยุกต์ใช้เป็นเกราะกันกระสุนคอมพอสิทแบบหลายชั้นโดยการจำลองด้วยโปรแกรม ANSYS AUTODYN รวมทั้งประเมินความสามารถในการต้านทานแรงปะทะทางขีปนะของเกราะกันกระสุนคอมพอสิทแบบหลายชั้นเมื่อทดสอบด้วยกระสุนขนาด 7.62 x 51 มม. ที่ความเร็วเฉลี่ย 847 ± 9.1 เมตรต่อวินาที และกระสุนขนาด 5.56 x 45 มม. ที่ความเร็วเฉลี่ย 950 ± 9.1 เมตรต่อวินาที ตามมาตรฐาน NIJ 0101.06 ในระดับภัยคุกคาม 3 หรือสูงกว่า พบว่าเกราะกันกระสุนคอมพอสิทแบบหลายชั้นที่ประกอบด้วยแผ่นที่ 1 วัสดุพอลิเบนซอกซาซีนคอมพอสิท เสริมแรงด้วยเส้นใยแก้ว แผ่นที่ 2 แผ่นโลหะ และแผ่นที่ 3 วัสดุพอลิเบนซอกซาซีน-ยูรีเทนคอมพอสิท เสริมแรงด้วยแผ่นกราฟีนที่ 0.25 เปอร์เซ็นต์โดยน้ำหนักและเส้นใยอะรามิด สามารถต้านทานการเจาะทะลุจากกระสุนทั้งสองชนิดได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ


Overview Of Homechem: House Observations Of Microbial And Environmental Chemistry, Delphine K. Farmer, Marina E. Vance, Jon P. D. Abbatt, Andrew Abeleira, Michael R. Alves, Richard Corsi, Peter F. DeCarlo, Allen H. Goldstein, Vicki H. Grassian, Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz, Jose L. Jimenez, Tara Kahan, multiple additional authors 2019 Colorado State University - Fort Collins

Overview Of Homechem: House Observations Of Microbial And Environmental Chemistry, Delphine K. Farmer, Marina E. Vance, Jon P. D. Abbatt, Andrew Abeleira, Michael R. Alves, Richard Corsi, Peter F. Decarlo, Allen H. Goldstein, Vicki H. Grassian, Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz, Jose L. Jimenez, Tara Kahan, Multiple Additional Authors

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The House Observations of Microbial and Environmental Chemistry (HOMEChem) study is a collaborative field investigation designed to probe how everyday activities influence the emissions, chemical transformations and removal of trace gases and particles in indoor air. Sequential and layered experiments in a research house included cooking, cleaning, variable occupancy, and window-opening. This paper describes the overall design of HOMEChem and presents preliminary case studies investigating the concentrations of reactive trace gases, aerosol particles, and surface films. Cooking was a large source of VOCs, CO2, NOx, and particles. By number, cooking particles were predominantly in the ultrafine mode. Organic aerosol dominated …


Chemically Dealloyed Fe-Based Metallic Glass With Void Channels-Like Architecture For Highly Enhanced Peroxymonosulfate Activation In Catalysis, J.C. Wang, S.X. Liang, Z. Jia, W.C. Zhang, W.M. Wang, Y.J. Lui, J. Lu, L.C Zhang 2019 Edith Cowan University

Chemically Dealloyed Fe-Based Metallic Glass With Void Channels-Like Architecture For Highly Enhanced Peroxymonosulfate Activation In Catalysis, J.C. Wang, S.X. Liang, Z. Jia, W.C. Zhang, W.M. Wang, Y.J. Lui, J. Lu, L.C Zhang

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Metallic glasses (MGs) with their intrinsic disordered atomic structure and widely controllable atomic components have recently emerged as fascinating functional materials in wastewater treatment. Compared to crystalline alloys, the less-noble atomic components in monolithic metallic glass are more efficient to be selectively dissolved during dealloying process. This work reported a facile chemical dealloying approach to fabricate a void channels-like structured MG with the elemental components of Fe73.5Si13.5B9Cu1Nb3 for methylene blue (MB) degradation. Results indicated that the dealloyed Fe73.5Si13.5B9Cu1Nb3 MGs with the void channels-like morphology presented a significant improvement of catalytic efficiency and reusability. The dye degradation reaction rate (kobs) of …


Towards Sustainable Production Of Chemicals And Fuels From The Fast Pyrolysis Of Waste Polyolefin Plastics, Ulises Gracida Alvarez 2019 Michigan Technological University

Towards Sustainable Production Of Chemicals And Fuels From The Fast Pyrolysis Of Waste Polyolefin Plastics, Ulises Gracida Alvarez

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

The increasing amount of plastic waste (PW) generation has become an important concern due to the leveled-off recycling rates. Therefore, governmental agencies around the world, including state governments in the United States, have proposed initiatives to minimize the amount of PW that is landfilled and encourage recycling or energy recovery. Circular economy is a strategy that attempts on reusing PW to produce new polymers while avoiding its disposal and the use of virgin material. Chemical recycling raises an interesting technology prospect due to the potential reduction of pollutant emissions and the establishment of a circular economy through the production of …


Exploring The Role And Impact Of Microscale Phenomena On Electrode, Microdevice, And Cellular Function, Sanaz Habibi 2019 Michigan Technological University

Exploring The Role And Impact Of Microscale Phenomena On Electrode, Microdevice, And Cellular Function, Sanaz Habibi

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Microfluidic technologies enable the development of portable devices to perform multiple high-resolution unit operations with small sample and reagent volumes, low fabrication cost, facile operation, and quick response times. Microfluidic platforms are expected to effectively interpret both wanted and unwanted phenomena; however, a comprehensive evaluation of the unwanted phenomena has not been appropriately investigated in the literature. This work explored an attenuative evaluation of unwanted phenomena, also called here as secondary phenomena, in a unique approach.

Upon electric field utilization within microfluidic devices, electrode miniaturization improves device sensitivity. However, electrodes in contact with medium solution can yield byproducts that can …


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