Chemical Engineering Commons^™

Analysis Of Mass Transfer Coefficient Of Co2 Absorbed By Two-Component Amine Mixture In A Packed Bed Column, Thanakornkan Limlertchareonwanit

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Nowadays, coal fired plant has an important role in generating energy all over the world. It affects to greenhouse gases effect (GHGs) and global warming. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a product of coal combustion that is the amount of number one in the world. However, most of the CO2 usually remove from post-combustion process by chemical absorption which is Monoethanolamine (MEA). Anyway, MEA has a disadvantage such as low CO2 loading and corrosion. Therefore, this study needs to investigate the effect of the mass transfer for a new solvents, 2-(Methylamino)ethanol (2-MAE) and Dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE), compensate for the drawbacks of MEA …

Synthesis Of Alkane From Lauric Acid Via Electrochemical Reaction In Microreactor, Thantip Kiattinirachara

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

In the present work, decarboxylation of lauric acid to undecane was conducted by Kolbe electrochemical oxidation process in a microreactor. The microreactor is widely used to study reaction kinetics as well as reaction mechanisms because of negligible heat and mass transfer resistances within the reactor. The reactor is also very effective in the control of residence time. The 250-micron thick reactor was formed between graphite anode and stainless steel cathode sheets. Reactive alkyl radicals were produced from the supplied electrical potential and their combination with proton produced alkane with the release of carbon dioxide. The experiments were conducted to study …

Effect Of Cocatalyst Combination In Titanium-Based Ziegler-Natta Catalyst On Olefin Polymerization, Thanyaporn Pongchan

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This research focused on effect of cocatalyst types (TEA, TnOA, and TEA+TnOA) on titanium-based Ziegler-Natta catalyst in olefin polymerization both in slurry and gas-phase systems. This study has been divided into four sections. The commercial titanium-based catalyst was selected to investigate effect of reaction temperature and oxidation state of titanium from ESR measurement on slurry ethylene and propylene polymerization in the first and the second parts, respectively. The commercial catalyst with TEA exhibited the highest activity in ethylene polymerization. However, divalent, and trivalent of titanium (Ti2+ and Ti3+) was active in ethylene polymerization to produce more polymer. Stability of Ti3+ …

Higher Tensile Forces Across Cellular Junctions And An Intact Nuclear Linc Complex Is Required For Epithelial Function And Stability, Fnu Vani Narayanan

Theses and Dissertations

Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems have provided key insights into the understanding of biochemical and physiological states of native tissue. A significant progress in the field of mechanobiology involves measuring cellular traction forces in a more native 3D environment. However, the effects of mechanical forces exerted across cellular junctions and the nuclear LINC complex, in an organized 3D system has not been investigated thus far. Epithelial cells spontaneously form acini (also known as cysts or spheroids) with a single, fluid-filled central lumen, when grown in 3D matrices. The size of the lumen is dependent on apical secretion …

Formulation And Validation Of Nanoparticle Controlled Delivery For Chemotherapeutic Drug Products, Shani L. Levit

Theses and Dissertations

Taxol, a formulation of paclitaxel (PTX), is one of the most widely used anticancer drugs, particularly for treating recurring ovarian carcinomas following surgery. Clinically, PTX is used in combination with other drugs such as lapatinib (LAP) to increase treatment efficacy. Delivering drug combinations with nanoparticles has the potential to improve chemotherapy outcomes. In this study, we use Flash NanoPrecipitation, a rapid, scalable process to encapsulate weakly hydrophobic drugs (logP in vitro. Encapsulating either PTX or LAP into nanoparticles increases drug potency. When PTX and LAP are co-loaded in the same nanoparticle, they have a synergistic effect that is greater than …

Structure, Morphology And Composition-Property Elucidation Of Ni–Mo And Ni−Mo−P Nanocrystals For Water Splitting Reactions And Group Iv Alloy And Silicate Nanocrystals For Visible To Near Ir Optoelectronics, Ebtesam Hassan Abuelenein Eladgham

Theses and Dissertations

Abstract

Structure, Morphology and Composition-Property Elucidation of Ni–Mo and Ni−Mo−P Nanocrystals for Water Splitting Reactions and Group IV Alloy and Silicate Nanocrystals for Visible to Near IR Optoelectronics

by

Ebtesam Hassan Abuelenein Eladgham

A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University.

Advisor: Indika U Arachchige

Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry

Nanomaterials have gained a great attention because of their unique physical properties with size intermediate between molecular materials and extended solids. They have a large surface to volume ratio and display size tunable physical properties that was not …

Reaction Profiling Of Extracellular Protein Phosphorylation Through A Microfluidic Reactor Coupled With Raman Spectroscopy, Abigail Casey

Theses and Dissertations

Diseases and disorders in the human body are considered abnormalities of proper cellular function. Understanding the signal transduction mechanisms that cause these abnormalities is crucial to developing earlier detection methods, better treatment options and effective cures. While current diagnostic procedures are powerful tools in diagnosing diseases, they are ineffective in informing physicians on the real-time behavior of the signal transduction mechanisms associated with diseases and disorders. Currently, disease progression is monitored over time through routine patient visits and testing by one or more of the above techniques. By developing an approach that can monitor structural and conformational changes of proteins …

Dendrimer-Based Therapeutic Delivery Vehicle For The Treatment Of Ocular Diseases, Remy C. Cooper

Theses and Dissertations

The treatment of ocular diseases poses a significant challenge to drug delivery design, due to the eye’s complex anatomy, with a semi-permeable blood-ocular barrier and associated immune privilege. To address some of the delivery challenges, polycationic dendrimers are explored as vehicle for the treatment of posterior chamber disease. Dendrimers are a class of polymeric nanoparticles that are highly branched, multivalent and monodisperse, whose three-dimensional globular architecture has given them the nickname of “synthetic proteins”. Dendrimers are synthesized by reacting monomers in a step-wise fashion to produce generationally and radially increasing structures, with core, interior and surface chains that are highly …

Beneficiation Of Coal Using Supercritical Water And Carbon Dioxide Extraction, Matthew Decuir Virginia Commonwealth University Cl

Theses and Dissertations

This work explores the use of carbon dioxide, water, and their mixtures as solvent for the pre-combustion beneficiation of raw coal without using any toxic mineral acids in the temperature range of 200-400℃. The fluid polarity, ionic constant, and supercritical point can be adjusted by H₂O/CO₂ ratio and temperature. Adding carbon dioxide to hydrothermal fluid also increases the ionization by forming carbonic acid. Extractions with supercritical fluids have several benefits including enhanced mass transport, ease of separation and recycle, wide range of extractive capability and tunability, better inherent safety, and in the case of carbon dioxide and …

Self-Assembled Metal Nanoparticle/Polymer Nanocomposites As Nanoreactors For One-Pot Reactions, Andrew Harrison

Theses and Dissertations

Polymer nanoreactors incorporating gold nanoparticle catalysts were self-assembled via Flash Nanoprecipitation. The incorporated gold nanoparticles maintained catalytic activity, which was evaluated using reduction of 4-nitrophenol with sodium borohydride as a model reaction. The diffusion coefficient for 4-nitrophenol was determined by NMR and used to calculate the second Damköhler number, which indicated that the systems were not diffusion limited. Despite similar diffusion coefficients, catalytic performance was strongly affected by the co-precipitant. For example, the apparent reaction rate per surface area using castor oil was over 8-fold greater than polystyrene. Thus, we measured the partition coefficient of 4-nitrophenol between water and castor …

Electrification Of Domestic Hot Water To Aid The Integration Of Renewable Energy In The California Grid, Alejandro Cervantes

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Water heating in residential buildings, also known as domestic hot water (DHW), is the third largest use of energy after appliances and space conditioning. About 90% of the residential buildings in the state use natural gas fueled water heaters, 6% use electricity, and a small percent use liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) or solar water heaters. The current energy use associated with residential water heating is small relative to the total amount of energy consumption in the residential building sector, but it is still a contributor of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Improving hot water systems can be beneficial for bill customer …

Synergistic Effect Of Hydrophilic Nanoparticles And Anionic Surfactant On The Stability And Viscoelastic Properties Of Oil In Water (O/W) Emulations; Application For Enhanced Oil Recovery (Eor), Sarmad Al-Anssari, Zain-Ul-Abedin Arain, Haider A. Shanshool, Alireza Keshavarz, Mohammad Sarmadivaleh

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

With the rapidly increased global energy demand, great attention has been focused on utilizing nanotechnology and particularly nanofluids in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) to produce more oil from low-productivity oil reservoirs. Nanofluid flooding has introduced as one of the promising methods for enhanced oil recovery using environment-friendly nanoparticles (NPs) to be as an innovative-alternative for chemical methods of EOR. This work investigates the synergistic effects of anionic surfactant and hydrophilic silica nanoparticles on the stability and the mechanical behavior of oil in water (O/W) emulsions for their application in EOR. To achieve this, an extensive series of experiments were conducted …

Continuous-Flow Synthesis Of Fine Chemicals And Pharmaceutical Compounds Over Intelligent Organocatalysts With Bifunctional Reactivity, Abdo-Alslam Alwakwak

Doctoral Dissertations

“Many biological systems that utilize organic active sites to catalyze reactions under mild conditions invoke cooperative catalytic pathways, whereby two or more active sites work together to activate the reactant(s). The use of cooperative (bifunctional) catalysts and continuous flow chemistry (a reaction within the narrow channels of a micro‐ or microfluidic reactor) are commonplace in sustainable chemical transformation and attract a great deal of interest with respect to economic and environmentally-sustainable production of fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals, water treatment, as well as upgrading of biomass feedstocks. Although, some methods have been developed for immobilization of bifunctional catalysts for cooperative …

Comprehensive Study Of Bio-Diesel Continuous Flow Synthesis, Aso A. Hassan

Doctoral Dissertations

“Energy has become an indispensable factor in preserving economic growth since the commencement of the industrial revolution. In recent years, biodiesel has gained acceptance as a notable alternative to the widely used petroleum-derived diesel fuel because it is biodegradable, non-toxic, and generates fewer exhaust pollutants. Recently, biodiesel studies have focused on the development of process intensification technologies to resolve some technical challenges facing biodiesel production, such as long residence times and catalyst sensitivity. These intensification technologies enhance process mass/heat transfer to achieve a continuous, scalable process that can be easily transported to utilize locally available feed stocks. Five phases have …

Modeling Of Rotary Packed Beds For Reactive And Non-Reactive Systems, Chinyere Evangeline Ezeobinwune

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Rotary packed beds (RPBs) are used in a wide range of reactive and non-reactive applications. In this research, a 2-d, first-principles, dynamic model of a non-reactive RPB that is used for heat exchange between the outgoing flue gas from a power plant and the incoming air to the boiler/pulverizer of the power plant is developed. A 2-d, first-principles model of a reactive RPB is developed where a functionalized metal-organic framework (MOF) is used for CO₂ capture.

For the non-reactive system, a Ljungstrom-type air preheater (APH) is considered. Existing models for these rotating heat exchangers are typically 1-d. There are …

Elucidating The Properties And Mechanism For Cellulose Dissolution In Tetrabutylphosphonium-Based Ionic Liquids Using High Concentrations Of Water, Brad Crawford

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The structural, transport, and thermodynamic properties related to cellulose dissolution by tetrabutylphosphonium chloride (TBPCl) and tetrabutylphosphonium hydroxide (TBPH)-water mixtures have been calculated via molecular dynamics simulations. For both ionic liquid (IL)-water solutions, water veins begin to form between the TBPs interlocking arms at 80 mol % water, opening a pathway for the diffusion of the anions, cations, and water. The water veins allow for a diffusion regime shift in the concentration region from 80 to 92.5 mol % water, providing a higher probability of solvent interaction with the dissolving cellulose strand. The hydrogen bonding was compared between small and large …

Application Of Flowing Material Balance In Unconventional Reservoirs, Salem Alharbi

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The application of the horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing to unconventional reservoirs, such as Marcellus Shale, has resulted in a significant increase in gas production in the United States. The estimation of the original hydrocarbons in place is an essential element for evaluating the economic success of any reservoir. There are a number of techniques available for estimating the original hydrocarbon in place such as decline curve analysis, volumetric method, and the material balance equation. Flowing Material Balance (FMB) is a more advanced techniques which has become popular in recent years because it does not require static (shut-in) pressure data …

Synthesis Of Graphene Using Plasma Etching And Atmospheric Pressure Annealing: Process And Sensor Development, Andrew Robert Graves

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Having been theorized in 1947, it was not until 2004 that graphene was first isolated. In the years since its isolation, graphene has been the subject of intense, world-wide study due to its incredibly diverse array of useful properties. Even though many billions of dollars have been spent on its development, graphene has yet to break out of the laboratory and penetrate mainstream industrial applications markets. This is because graphene faces a ‘grand challenge.’ Simply put, there is currently no method of manufacturing high-quality graphene on the industrial scale. This grand challenge looms particularly large for electronic applications where the …

Process Development Of Shale Gas Assisted Lignin And Biomass Reforming Through Novel Reaction Pathway And Catalyst Design To Produce Hydrogen Rich Syngas For Fuels And Value Added Chemicals, Amoolya D. Lalsare

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Novel biomass reforming strategy through synergistic co-processing with flare gas (methane and carbon dioxide) was developed at West Virginia University. Hardwood biomass comprised of lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose is abundant in the US and potentially a sustainable source of hydrogen through extensive reforming and gasification. Ever-increasing shale gas production in the US occasionally leads to flaring owing to stranded production across the US. Achieving biomass co-processing with natural gas about to be flared in such stranded shale plays is the underlying motivation here. A novel reaction pathway was discovered wherein methane and carbon dioxide assisted reforming of biomass could be …

Modeling The Influence Of Changes In Aliphatic Structure On Char Surface Area During Coal Pyrolysis, He Yang, Thomas H. Fletcher, Yang Li, Lijun Jin, Sufen Li, Yan Shang, Haoquan Hu

Faculty Publications

The influence of changes in aliphatic structure on char surface area during coal pyrolysis was modeled, and the effect was introduced to a previous char surface area model for lignite pyrolysis established based on the chemical percolation devolatilization (CPD) model. The modified model can predict not only the N2 and CO2 char surface area during rapid pyrolysis of three lignites but also the CO2 char surface area of two high-volatile bituminous coals; the agreement of the modified model with experiments is improved at high temperatures. The decrease in aliphatic chain length can reduce adsorption positions around aromatic core, and decrease …