Chemical Engineering Commons^™

Effect Of Nitrogen Content In Catalyst Precursor On Activity Of Fen/C Catalyst For Oxygen Reduction Reaction, Zhi Yang, Ya-Yun Shen, E Zhou, Cheng-Ling Wei, Hao-Li Qin, Juan Tian

Journal of Electrochemistry

Non-noble metal catalysts with high activity and low cost have attracted increasing interest as potential catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to replace Pt-based catalysts. In this paper, the effect of nitrogen content in catalyst precursor on ORR activity of FeN/C catalyst was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area and pore size distribution measurements, transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and rotating disk electrode (RDE) techniques. The results show that the most active catalyst was obtained by pyrolysis in argon at 1050 °C with a catalyst precursor containing 20wt% 1,10-phenanthroline, 1wt% Fe and Black Pearl 2000. …

Challenges In The Activity And Stability Of Pt-Based Catalysts Toward Orr, Tuo Zhao, Er-Gui Luo, Xian Wang, Jun-Jie Ge, Chang-Peng Liu, Wei Xing

Journal of Electrochemistry

The development of highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts is the key to the commercialization of fuel cells, where the sluggish ORR reaction rate needs to be overcome by adjusting the intermediates adsorption energies on the catalytic surfaces. To-date, platinum (Pt)-based materials are the-state-of-the-art catalysts in terms of both activity and stability in ORR, making them the preferred choice for commercial applications. However, the high cost of Pt-based catalysts limits their widespread use, leading to massive effects paid in reducing Pt loading, improving catalyst activity and stability. This article illustrates the challenges in the ORR reaction and introduces the …

Preparation And Electrocatalytic Performance Of Nico2O4/Ni Foam For Hydrogen Peroxide Electrooxidation, Wei-Wei Chen, Fei-Fan Zhang, Jia-Liang Du, Yi Wang, Chun-Lin Zhao, Kai Zhu, Dian-Xue Cao, Gui-Ling Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The electrodes of Ni foam supported NiCo₂O₄ nanowires were prepared by hydrothermal method, followed by a thermal treatment in air, and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that the NiCo₂O₄ nanowires had a diameter of about 50 nm with a length up to 3 ~ 5 μm. The catalytic performances of the Ni foam supported NiCo₂O₄ nanowires for H₂O₂ electrooxidation were studied by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The results show that the Ni foam supported NiCo …

Electrocoagulation: A Promising Method To Treat And Reuse Mineral Processing Wastewater With High Cod, Gaogui Jing, Shuai Ren, Yuesheng Gao, Wei Sun, Zhiyong Gao

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

Mineral processing wastewater contains large amounts of reagents which can lead to severe environmental problems, such as high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Inspired by the wastewater treatment in such industries as those of textiles, food, and petrochemistry, in the present work, electrocoagulation (EC) is applied for the first time to explore its feasibility in the treatment of wastewater with an initial COD of 424.29 mg/L from a Pb/Zn sulfide mineral flotation plant and its effect on water reuse. Typical parameters, such as anode materials, current density, initial pH, and additives, were characterized to evaluate the performance of the EC method. …

Bone Marrow-Derived And Elicited Peritoneal Macrophages Are Not Created Equal: The Questions Asked Dictate The Cell Type Used, Cheryl M. Zajd, Alexis M. Ziemba, Grace M. Miralles, Terry Nguyen, Paul J. Feustel, Stanley M. Dunn, Ryan J. Gilbert, Michelle R. Lennartz

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Macrophages are a heterogeneous and plastic population of cells whose phenotype changes in response to their environment. Macrophage biologists utilize peritoneal (pMAC) and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) for in vitro studies. Given that pMACs mature in vivo while BMDM are ex vivo differentiated from stem cells, it is likely that their responses differ under experimental conditions. Surprisingly little is known about how BMDM and pMACs responses compare under the same experimental conditionals. While morphologically similar with respect to forward and side scatter by flow cytometry, reports in the literature suggest that pMACs are more mature than their BMDM counterparts. Given …

Architecture And Trilogy Of (Law, Theory And Hypothesis), Ahmed Hashim Hameed

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The general cognitive expositions had focused on the study of the general knowledge frameworks of the field of architecture, with both concepts that influencing and influenced by them, which used to contain them without referring to their intellectual origins in order to understand their general effect and their role in the cognitive enrichment to the architectural field. This, in return, showed the importance of direction to study the role, influence and effect of trilogy (Law, theory and hypothesis) in the field of architecture, according to their general reality knowledge and their specific theoretical and intellectual characteristics. This research deals with …

The Impact Of Spatial Location Of Functions To Identify Architectural Forms As A Landmark (Case Study - Contemporary Islamic Architecture -), Ibtisam Abdulelah Mohammed Al Khafaji, Maha Haki Ismaeil

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

This research discusses the impact of spatial location of functions inside architectural form to enhance visual legibility and how it can improve the possibilities of identifying them as a landmark. The absence of a clear conceptual frame which can be used to describe this impact forms the basic research problem. The objective aim of the research is to clarify and describe this impact. To achieve this objective aim, an analytical process was used. We supposed that spatial location of functions enhances visual legibility of forms, then improves our possibility of identifying them as a landmark. For applying the conceptual frame, …

Analysis Of Identification Method For Bacterial Species And Antibiotic Resistance Genes Using Optical Data From Dna Oligomers, Ryan L. Wood, Tanner Jensen, Cindi Wadsworth, Mark Clement, Prashant Nagpal, William G. Pitt

Faculty Publications

Bacterial antibiotic resistance is becoming a significant health threat, and rapid identification of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is essential to save lives and reduce the spread of antibiotic resistance. This paper analyzes the ability of machine learning algorithms (MLAs) to process data from a novel spectroscopic diagnostic device to identify antibiotic-resistant genes and bacterial species by comparison to available bacterial DNA sequences. Simulation results show that the algorithms attain from 92% accuracy (for genes) up to 99% accuracy (for species). This novel approach identifies genes and species by optically reading the percentage of A, C, G, T bases in 1000s of short …

Effect Of Loading Level Of Hybrid Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams Under Repeated Loading, Sawsan Akram Hassan, Ghsoon Ali Faroun

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

This research is devoted to investigating the experimental and theoretical behavior of hybrid deep beams under monotonic and repeated two-point loading. The dimensions and the flexural reinforcement of the deep beams were kept constant. In this work, the idea of a hybrid beam is completely different. Two types of concrete were used but not in the cross-section. The first type, which is fiberous concrete (FC), was used in casting beam sides (shear spans), while the second type was conventional concrete (CC) which was used in the middle portion of the beam (between two shear spans). This was done to strengthen …

Reverse Osmosis Method For Sulphate Re-Moval From Treated Wastewater Of Al-Doura Refinery, Rana Mohammed Rasheed

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The treated wastewater by the industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) commonly named (INGECO) in Al-Doura refinery suffers from highly sulfate concentrations that exceed the EPA specified limits of 250 mg/L. Therefore, laboratory water quality historical data have been reviewed and analyzed to determine the annual rate, maximum, and peak sulfate concentrations that were found to be 360 mg/L, 425 mg/L, and 550 mg/L, respectively. Through field inspection aimed at specifying the reasons for the high sulfate concentrations in the wastewater of most refinery process units, it was found that the maximum required sulfate remaining concentration should not exceed 10 mg/L …

Comparison Between Regular And Irregular Configuration In Earthquake Resistant Design, Ali Nur-Aldeen Azeez, Ali Mohsen Jaafer Al-Khafaji

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Earthquake-resistant design is one of the greatest challenges that must be considered by the Architect because it is a serious natural disaster that affects the stability and durability of the building. Due to the connection between the seismic behavior of buildings with its formal configuration and the differences in seismic resistance between regular and irregular buildings, the research problem presented as the confusion of seismic behavior of irregular buildings and their difference from the regular buildings when earthquakes occur. The aim of the research is to clarify the differences between regular and irregular configurations, also clarifying the design considerations in …

Pedestrian Movement Within Residential Areas, Abd Alali Hamza Mohamed

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The network of transport within residential areas, especially within residential neighborhoods, consists mainly of roads designed to provide relative safety for road users and to prioritize solutions that enhance safety. It is believed that the pedestrian movement network should be separated from the car movement network, with a focus on road design, pedestrian paths, and the types of vehicles used in these areas to ensure safety. This research explores the solutions developed in the planning of roads and walkways in traditional housing schemes within the urban fabric of old cities. It examines the approaches and conclusions of modern models of …

Low-Grade Kaolin Clay Natural Resource For Use As A Supplementary Cementitious Material In Structural Concrete Elements, Brandon X. Lorentz

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

At the turn of the century, low-grade kaolin clay (LGK) was presented as a widely available and potential natural resource of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) for producing high performance concretes. In using LGK as an SCM, clinker production is reduced, aiding environmental concerns with associated CO2 emissions. These types of clays have very heterogeneous mineralogy and microstructural characteristics, causing unique influences on concrete structural and flow performance, although these influences are not well understood. This research studies LGK natural to the state of Florida and assesses their potential use as high performance SCM.

Ten kaolin clays were obtained through a …

Analysis Of Identification Method For Bacterial Species And Antibiotic Resistance Genes Using Optical Data From Dna Oligomers, Ryan L. Wood, Tanner Jensen, Cindi Wadsworth, Mark Clement, Prashant Nagpal, William G. Pitt

Faculty Publications

Bacterial antibiotic resistance is becoming a significant health threat, and rapid identification of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is essential to save lives and reduce the spread of antibiotic resistance. This paper analyzes the ability of machine learning algorithms (MLAs) to process data from a novel spectroscopic diagnostic device to identify antibiotic-resistant genes and bacterial species by comparison to available bacterial DNA sequences. Simulation results show that the algorithms attain from 92% accuracy (for genes) up to 99% accuracy (for species). This novel approach identifies genes and species by optically reading the percentage of A, C, G, T bases in 1000s of short …

Responsive Economic Model Predictive Control For Next-Generation Manufacturing, Helen Durand

Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Faculty Research Publications

There is an increasing push to make automated systems capable of carrying out tasks which humans perform, such as driving, speech recognition, and anomaly detection. Automated systems, therefore, are increasingly required to respond to unexpected conditions. Two types of unexpected conditions of relevance in the chemical process industries are anomalous conditions and the responses of operators and engineers to controller behavior. Enhancing responsiveness of an advanced control design known as economic model predictive control (EMPC) (which uses predictions of future process behavior to determine an economically optimal manner in which to operate a process) to unexpected conditions of these types …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Chitosan Based Catalyst For Catalysis Applications, Hany A. Elazab, Yousab G. Remiz, M. A. Radwan, M. A. Radwan, M. A. Sadek

Chemical Engineering

In this research, chitosan based catalyst synthesis and characterization was investigated for different application in catalysis as chitosan based catalyst was combined with metal oxides in order to be used in dye removal of methyl orange (MO). Diluted acetic acid was used to dissolve chitosan then different percentages for metallic ions were mixed with diluted chitosan and then, 500 μL were added to the sample to reduce the metal salts then, microwave was used to heat the mixture for 5 minutes and then dried at 80-100 °C. Finally, X- ray diffraction was used to confirm the catalyst prepared. The aim …

Evaluation Of Capacitive Deionization Desalination Technology For Irrigation, Ziad Khalifa, Moustafa Elshafei Prof, Abdalrahman Amer, Eng, Ashraf Seleym Dr, Tamer Samir Eng

Chemical Engineering

Desalination of brackish groundwater has great potential to alleviate the problem of the limited water resources in Egypt. In this paper, we studied the desalination of brackish water for irrigation purposes using capacitive deionization (CDI) technology. We investigated a modular unit for use in greenhouses (GH). A GH for the production of tomato requires about 3.2 m3/d of water. The target CDI unit has a production capacity of 32 m3/d for irrigation of 10 greenhouses from brackish water. The paper provides an extensive simulation study to illustrate the influence of various design parameters and to unveil the CDI technology pros …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Chitosan Based Catalyst For Catalysis Applications, Hany A. Elazab, Yousab G. Remiz, Mostafa A. Radwan, M. A. Sadek

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this research, chitosan-based catalyst synthesis and characterization was investigated for different application in catalysis as chitosan-based catalyst was combined with metal oxides in order to be used in dye removal of methyl orange (MO). Diluted acetic acid was used to dissolve chitosan then different percentages for metallic ions were mixed with diluted chitosan and then, 500 µL were added to the sample to reduce the metal salts then, microwave was used to heat the mixture for 5 minutes and then dried at 80-100 °C. Finally, X- ray diffraction was used to confirm the catalyst prepared. The aim of this …

Development Of Novel Adsorbent For Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Hassaan M. Shehata, Dalia A. Ali, Islam M. Al-Akraa, Hoda A. Elsawy, Hany A. Elazab

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The main objective of this research project is to perform some experimental procedures to inform the ability of the novel adsorbent used in this project. The chemical modification of the adsorbent is the chemical oxidation of pure powder chitosan using some specific redox pairs which are potassium dichromate and sodium bisulphite. After preparing the modified chitosan, there are some parameters that must be discussed during the adsorption process. The first parameter is the time parameter, showing experimentally the optimum time for adsorption under certain conditions by collecting values of absorbance and concentration of thymol blue adsorbed after the process from …

Mathematica As An Efficient Tool To Optimize The Kinetic Study Of Ethyl Acetate Hydrolysis, M. H. El Dewaik, Mamdouh Gadalla, M. A. Sadek, Hany A. Elazab

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Mathematica is a powerful program for computing both numeric and algebraic calculations as well as graphing two- and three-dimensional curves and surfaces. It is used increasingly in many fields of science now such as physics, engineering, chemistry and even biology because of the fast interaction of mathematics with almost the fields of science nowadays. We report here, optimizing the kinetic data for the hydrolysis of ethyl acetate through caustic soda via using Mathematica.