Chemical Engineering Commons^™

Research Progress Of Fuel Electrode In Oxide-Ion Conducting Solid Oxide Electrolysers, Ling-Ting Ye, Kui Xie

Journal of Electrochemistry

Solid oxide electrolysers are now attracting much more attentions because they can efficiently produce fuels by electrolyzing H₂O/CO₂. In this paper, a comprehensive introduction to the recent progress in the development of fuel electrode (cathode) materials is provided. The advantages, disadvantages and development trend towards various cathode materials are pointed out. The key scientific and technological problems in this field are emphasized.

Perovskite Catalysts For Fuel Reforming In Sofc:A Review And Perspective, Tong Wei, Jian Li, Li-Chao Jia, Bo Chi, Jian Pu

Journal of Electrochemistry

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a generating device by electrochemical reaction to transfer the chemical energy of fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas, etc.), the biomass fuel or other hydrocarbon fuels directly into electricity with higher energy conversion efficiency and lower pollution, which is recognized to be efficient green energy technology in the 21st century. However, when hydrocarbons are directly used as fuel, carbon deposition is easy to occur in nickel-based anode, thus, losing electrochemical catalytic activity. Fuel pre-reforming on the outside of the anode is an effective solution, which strongly relies on highly efficient and stable reforming catalysts. …

Turbulence Modulation In Particle-Laden Stationary Homogeneous Isotropic Turbulence Using One-Dimensional Turbulence, Marco Fistler, Alan Kerstein, David O. Lignell, Michael Oevermann

Faculty Publications

Turbulence modulation in particle-laden stationary homogeneous isotropic turbulence is investigated using one-dimensional turbulence (ODT), a low-dimensional stochastic flow simulation model. For this purpose, ODT is extended in two ways. First, a forcing scheme that maintains statistical stationarity is introduced. Unlike direct numerical simulation (DNS) of forced turbulence, the ODT framework accommodates forcing that is not directly coupled to the momentum equation. For given forcing the ODT energy dissipation rate is therefore the same in particle-laden cases as in the corresponding single-phase reference case. Second, previously implemented one-way-coupled particle phenomenology is extended to two-way coupling using the general ODT methodology for …

Direct Carbon Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Jiang Liu, Xiao-Min Yan

Journal of Electrochemistry

Carbon is richly reserved in coal, biomasses, and many other nature resources. It is usually used as an energy source through oxygen oxidation reaction. The oxidation is generally realized through combustion which causes serious air pollution. Besides, the conversion efficiency of generating electricity through the combustion process is limited by Carnot efficiency. A direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell (DC-SOFC) is a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) directly operated with solid carbon as the fuel. It can convert the chemical energy of carbon into electricity with high efficiency. The concentration of produced CO₂ from a DC-SOFC is so high …

Research Progress In Ethane Dehydrogenation To Cogenerate Power And Value-Added Chemicals In Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Yun Fan, Qi Wang, Jun Li, Jing-Li Luo, Xian-Zhu Fu

Journal of Electrochemistry

Increasing supplies of methane/shale gas have promoted global development of higher value chemicals such as ethylene production by ethane, which dramatically changes the markets of petrochemical industry. Clean and efficient transformation of ethane into higher value chemicals has far-reaching significance. Ethylene production through ethane steam cracking is a relatively matured technology for industrial production. However, the process consumes large amounts of energy and the presence of carbon deposition becomes a serious problem which is difficult to be solved. The cogenerated energy-chemicals solid oxide fuel cells have been widely studied because fuel gas can be converted into high-value chemicals via spontaneous …

Development Status And Prospects Of Hydrogen Production By High Temperature Solid Oxide Electrolysis, Wen-Qiang Zhang, Bo Yu

Journal of Electrochemistry

Solid oxide electrolysis cell is an advanced energy conversion device with high efficiency, simplicity, flexibility, and environmental friendliness. It is currently a research hotspot in the international energy field. This paper introduces and analyzes the basic principles, key materials, system components and developments of solid oxidation electrolysis cells. Furthermore, the recent research progresses, challenges and future development directions in solid oxidation electrolysis cells in the field of high-efficiency hydrogen production are summarized and outlined.

Materials, Micro-Stacks And Related Applications Of Single-Chamber Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Zhe Lv, Bo Wei, Zhi-Hong Wang, Yan-Ting Tian

Journal of Electrochemistry

Single-chamber solid oxide fuel cell (SC-SOFC) is a special type of fuel cells, in which both an anode and a cathode are placed in one chamber. Its working principle relies on the selective catalytic activity of the electrodes towards fuel and oxidant in a gas mixture, leading to the generation of an electromotive force. Because of its unique principle and structure, SC-SOFC has many advantages such as sealing-free, easy stacking, quick start-up and no carbon deposition, thus, it possesses large potential in application. Herein, the principles and characteristics of SC-SOFC are introduced. Furthermore, the SC-SOFC materials, micro-stack design, degeneration mechanisms …

Recent Advances Of Co2 Electrochemical Reduction In Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells, Yi-Hang Li, Chang-Rong Xia

Journal of Electrochemistry

Solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) have stimulated wide interests for their promising application in the reduction of CO₂ emissions and the storage of renewable energy. Here, the advances made in the development of cathode materials including cermets and perovskite oxides in our research group, are summarized, along with the design of cell configurations. The electrochemical kinetics and performances of cathodes and cells are discussed and analyzed. It is expected that this brief review offers critical insights and useful guidelines for developing superior electrodes and SOECs in the future.

Nio@Rgo Supported Palladium And Silver Nanoparticles As Electrocatalysts For Oxygen Reduction Reaction, Shuo Yao, Tai-Zhong Huang, Rizwan Haider, Heng-Yi Fang, Jie-Mei Yu, Zhan-Kun Jiang, Dong Liang, Yue Sun, Xian-Xia Yuan

Journal of Electrochemistry

For pervasive applications of fuel cells, highly efficient and economical materials are required to replace Pt-based catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this study, the NiO@rGO, Pd-NiO@rGO and Ag-NiO@rGO nanoparticles were synthesized, and their catalytic performances toward ORR were investigated. The results revealed that all the three materials were capable of catalyzing ORR, but both the Pd-NiO@rGO and Ag-NiO@rGO showed the better performances compared with the NiO@rGO in terms of the reaction pathway being 4-electron process, the increases of the onset potential and the intermediate yielding rate, as well as the extended stability. Moreover, the effect of Pd modification …

29si Solid State Mas Nmr Study On Leaching Behaviors And Chemical Stability Of Different Mg-Silicate Structures For Co2 Sequestration, Guanhe Rim

Faculty Scholarship

Silicon is one of the most earth abundant elements, and thus, the fate and reactivity of silicate materials are often important for various energy and environmental technologies including carbon sequestration, where CO2 is captured and stored as a thermodynamically stable solid carbonate phase. Thus, understanding the structures and chemistries of different silicate phases has become an important research aim. In this study, the changes in the silicate structures (Q0-Q4) of heat-treated Mg-bearing mineral (serpentine) exposed to a CO2-water system (carbonic acid) was investigated using 29Si MAS NMR, XRPD and ICP-OES and the identified structures were employed to explain complex leaching …

Gas-Solid Reaction Pathway For Chlorination Of Rare Earth And Actinide Metals Using Hydrogen And Chlorine Gas, Parker Okabe, Matthew Newton, Devin Rappleye, Michael F. Simpson

Faculty Publications

Hydriding and chlorination of buttons of metallic cerium have been tested as a head-end step to separating metal impurities from actinides. The objective was to achieve complete conversion to chlorides while maintaining high surface area via small particles and open porosity. Hydriding by reaction with 100% H2 gas at 573 K was successful at reducing cm-scale metal buttons into small particles/fragments. This step was followed by reaction with flowing 99.5% anhydrous Cl2 gas at temperatures ranging from 423 to 573 K for 60 min. In experiments reported here, up to 92% conversion to cerium chloride was achieved from reacting with …

Ammonia Fiber Expansion (Afex) Pretreatment Of Lignocellulosic Biomass, Shishir P. S. Chundawat, Ramendra K Pal, Chao Zhao, Timothy Campbell, Farzaneh Teymouri, Josh Videto, Chandra Nielson, Bradley Wieferich, Leonardo Sousa, Bruce E Dale, Venkatesh Balan, Sarvada Chipkar, Jacob Aguado, Emily Burke, Rebecca Garlock Ong

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

Lignocellulosic materials are plant-derived feedstocks, such as crop residues (e.g., corn stover, rice straw, and sugar cane bagasse) and purpose-grown energy crops (e.g., miscanthus, and switchgrass) that are available in large quantities to produce biofuels, biochemicals, and animal feed. Plant polysaccharides (i.e., cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin) embedded within cell walls are highly recalcitrant towards conversion into useful products. Ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) is a thermochemical pretreatment that increases accessibility of polysaccharides to enzymes for hydrolysis into fermentable sugars. These released sugars can be converted into fuels and chemicals in a biorefinery. Here, we describe a laboratory-scale batch AFEX process to …

Theoretical Investigation Of Fundamental Cathode Processes In Metal-02 Batteries, Saurin Hiren Rawal

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

In this thesis we theoretically explore the different fundamental phenomena associated with metal-air batteries (where the metal can be Li, Na or K) using first principles density functional theory. We start by investigating the adsorption of the starting reactants/primary intermediates i.e. metal superoxides and superoxide anion on Au(111) and Au(211). We elucidate the influence of electric fields and the importance of including explicit solvents on the adsorption energy of these intermediates. We show that these effects are considerable and should be included for future reaction modeling of these batteries. Following this we investigate the reaction of M⁺ and O …

Material Discovery And High Throughput Exploration Of Ru Based Catalysts For Low Temperature Ammonia Decomposition, Katherine Mccullough, Pei-Hua Chiang, Juan D. Jimenez, Jochen A. Lauterbach

Faculty Publications

High throughput experimentation has the capability to generate massive, multidimensional datasets, allowing for the discovery of novel catalytic materials. Here, we show the synthesis and catalytic screening of over 100 unique Ru-Metal-K based bimetallic catalysts for low temperature ammonia decomposition, with a Ru loading between 1–3 wt% Ru and a fixed K loading of 12 wt% K, supported on γ-Al2O3. Bimetallic catalysts containing Sc, Sr, Hf, Y, Mg, Zr, Ta, or Ca in addition to Ru were found to have excellent ammonia decomposition activity when compared to state-of-the-art catalysts in literature. Furthermore, the Ru content could be reduced to 1 …

Current Status Of Magnetic Resonance On Saliva For Oral And Dental Health Early Diagnosis, Anastasia Katsavochristou, Dimitrios Koumoulis

Oral Health Practice Faculty Publications

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of biomolecules has recently gained attention for clinical diagnosis. Its combination with saliva collection and analysis can promote early disease detection and monitoring, by identifying biomarkers of specific underlying pathology or disease as detected in saliva. With this novel, non-invasive technique, certain salivary biomarkers have been linked to dental and periodontal tissues pathology, as well as to specific head and neck cancer malignancies. At present, diagnostic biomarkers are still in need for further identification (e.g., diagnosis and monitoring of Sjögren’s syndrome), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been found to be a promising technique to compliment the …

Bio-Mass To Bio-Oil: Direct Conversion Vs Companion Coal Gasification, Gabriel Hayes

Honors Theses

Biomass is produced in agriculture and forestry, and can be converted to use as a fuel substitute for petroleum. Direct conversion of biomass to bio-oil is conventionally accomplished with a process called fast pyrolysis, in which the biomass is heated to promote the chemical breakdown of its components. This produces some condensable vapors which, when condensed, yield bio-oil. Such a process was compared to a process that gains heat from companion coal gasification instead of traditional heating media such as heated sand. The conversions were then compared to determine the more cost-effective method for producing bio-oil. Additional parameters investigated include …

Comparison Of Pretreatment Methods For The Production Of Ethanol, Emily Schulte

Honors Theses

Bioethanol provides a great alternative to regular ethanol sources because it uses secondary substrates that are byproducts of other industries, rather than substrates that compete with food products. The technology is available for industrial bioethanol production, but the production costs just aren’t competitive enough with traditional ethanol production. The goal of this project was not to prepare a proposal for a bio-ethanol plant with all of the associated costs and financial calculations, but rather to provide a direct comparison of two pretreatment methods to highlight which factors could make one method less costly than the other. Pretreatment is a critical …

Development Of A Flexible Printed Paper-Based Battery, Justone Crosby

Honors Theses

Market demand for flexible electronics continues to grow, which, in turn, increases the demand for flexible energy storage devices. There are several types of energy storage devices available, including the alkaline (Zn-MnO₂) battery, which is the subject of this project. This project's objective was to develop a flexible, printed paper-based battery, which may be a sustainable solution to the increasing market demand. This device is low-cost and can be manufactured commercially using a scalable process.

The proposed device is an alkaline flexible cell, whose components can be printed onto paper. This alkaline system includes a zinc-based negative electrode …

Steam Valve Thermo-Performance Analysis, Benjamin Evans

Honors Theses

Steam leaks occur in aging power systems due to heat energy loss in the valves of that system. A model was developed to determine the amount of heat energy lost in Donald C. Cook Nuclear Power Plant’s steam pipe valve system. Several methods were used to determine the mass flow rate and used to model the system in PEPSE. The PEPSE model determined the estimated energy that was lost due to seal leakage and general valve degradation. A program was created for use of plant employees to easily calculate the lost generation in MWe due to these leaks using the …

Steam Valve Thermo-Performance Analysis, Turner Slaughter

Honors Theses

Steam leaks occur in aging power systems due to heat energy loss in the valves of that system. A model was developed and programmed using Excel to determine the amount of heat energy lost in an aging power plant steam pipe valve system. This model was tested using data from an existing model called PEPSE. The PEPSE model determined the estimated energy that was lost due to seal leakage and general valve degradation. The energy from the steam was quantified using downstream temperature measurement data that was processed with multiple calculation methods to ensure accuracy in the model. The excel …