Membrane Science Commons^™

Exploring The Effect Of Casting Solution Composition, Additives, And Casting Conditions On The Morphology And Separation Performance Of Pvdf Membranes, Rachel Kaplan

Theses and Dissertations--Chemical and Materials Engineering

Global water scarcity and quality concerns in the past decade have led to a looming global water crisis. Polymeric membranes have emerged as a potential solution due to their modularity, operational reliability, and wide range of contaminant removal. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is often selected as a membrane material for its enhanced chemical resistance, thermal stability, and mechanical strength. However, these membranes often require more complex fabrication methods or support materials to achieve optimum performance. Flat-sheet unsupported PVDF membranes were fabricated via nonsolvent induced phase separation. The influence of solvent, polymer composition, pore forming additives, and casting conditions were explored with …

Novel Membrane Materials For Nutrient Recovery From Nutrient-Rich Resources, Km Prottoy Shariar Piash

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Global demand for fertilizer production is expanding substantially to meet the food demand of an increasing world population. Anaerobic digestate (AD) of various centralized wastewater facilities contains substantial amounts of ammonium (NH₄⁺) (300-800 mg/L), potassium (K⁺) (13-120 mg/L), and phosphorus (P) (30-100 mg/L)- based nutrients. In addition to reducing energy costs and CO₂ emissions compared to conventional fertilizing raw material manufacturing, recovering nutrients from these waste streams could help mitigate problems such as eutrophication, which otherwise incurs billions of dollars losses to US economy annually. Apart from nutrients, wastewater streams also contain organic pollutants …

Application Of Predictive Control Strategies For Water-Gas Shift Membrane Reactors Using Data-Driven Models, Bernardo De Oliveira Vecchio

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

As demand for more efficient processes keeps rising and more restrictive environmental legislation requires higher levels of both yield and purity, the process industry has now, more than ever, been looking for new ways to achieve these goals. One approach has been the implementation of Process Intensification (PI). PI aims to combine multiple unit operations into a single one, promoting efficiency gains on multiple levels. This combination, however, leads to complex process dynamics, and controlling such processes, particularly when setup as multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) systems, presents a great challenge due to highly interactive complex process dynamics and the imposition of many …

Amine-Functionalized Lignin-Based Ionomer Nanocomposites For Redox Flow Batteries, Joshua Wilder

All Theses

As the development of energy storage technologies for renewable energy sources continues to garner attention, vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) have emerged as promising source for grid-scale energy storage. A major component of the VRFB is the ion exchange membrane (IEM), as it serves to physically separate the two liquid electrolytes and also directly impacts the battery’s capacity, efficiency, and cost. The current industry standard IEM, Nafion™, not only accounts for a large portion of the cost of the VRFB but also suffers from poor proton selectivity. Herein, we have synthesized sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) composite membranes containing amine …

Determining The Effects Of Glycocalyx Modifications On The Electrophysical Properties Of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Rominna E. Valentine Ico

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have gained popularity in clinical trials due to their multipotent differentiation characteristics, ability to secrete bioactive molecules, migrate into diseased or damaged tissues, and their immunosuppressive properties. HMSC cultures are heterogeneous, containing stem cells, partially differentiated progenitor cells, and fully differentiated cells. One of the major challenges with hMSCs therapeutic potential is the inability to select specific cell subpopulations due to an insufficient number of biomarkers. Often the biomarkers used, like those for fluorescence-activated cell sorting, are not sufficient to define hMSCs because they overlap with other cell types. Consequently, there is a need to …

Innovative Approaches To Poultry Processing Wastewater Treatment: The Stainless Steel Ultrafiltration Membrane As A Viable Option, Saubana Olorunrola Dada, Chidambaram Thamariselvan, Mahmood Jebur, Sumith Ranil Wickramasinghe

Chemical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

In pursuit of sustainability, we explored replacing conventional dissolved air floatation (DAF) in poultry processing wastewater (PPW) treatment with a precisely tuned 0.02 µm stainless-steel ultrafiltration (SSUF) membrane. SSUF is a robust, homogenously porous membrane with strong chemical resistance, ease of cleaning, and exceptional resistance to organic fouling. Unlike polymeric membranes, it can be regenerated multiple times, making it a cost-effective choice due to its compatibility with harsh chemical cleaning. The PPW used for the study was untreated wastewater from all processing units and post-initial screening. Our study revealed the SSUF membrane’s exceptional efficiency at eliminating contaminants. It achieved an …

Nanoscale Modeling Of Membrane Systems Under Mechanical Deformation In Traumatic Brain Injury Using Molecular Dynamics, Anh Thi Ngoc Vo

Theses and Dissertations

Neuronal membrane disruption and mechanoporation are nanoscale damage mechanisms that critically affect brain cell viability during traumatic brain injury (TBI). These nanoscale cellular impairments are elusive in experiments and necessitate in silico approaches such as molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Implementing MD, this research aims to investigate the effects of different key factors related to membrane deformation and damage, including force field resolutions, lipid compositions, and loading conditions.

To examine the impact of force field resolution, MD deformation simulations were conducted on 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (POPC) lipid bilayer membranes, using all-atom (AA), united-atom (UA), and coarse-grained Martini (CG-M) force fields. The mechanical responses …

High Flux Novel Polymeric Membrane For Renal Applications, Christa N. Hestekin, Efecan Pakkaner, Jamie Hestekin, Leticia Santos De Souza, Partha Pratim Chowdhury, Juliana Louzada Marçal, John Moore, Sarah A. Hesse, Christopher J. Takacs, Christopher J. Tassone, Soma Shekar Dachavaram, Peter A. Crooks, Kate Williams, Ira Kurtz

Chemical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Biocompatibility and the ability to mediate the appropriate flux of ions, urea, and uremic toxins between blood and dialysate components are key parameters for membranes used in dialysis. Oxone-mediated TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanomaterials have been demonstrated to be excellent additives in the production and tunability of ultrafiltration and dialysis membranes. In the present study, nanocellulose ionic liquid membranes (NC-ILMs) were tested in vitro and ex vivo. An increase in flux of up to two orders of magnitude was observed with increased rejection (about 99.6%) of key proteins compared to that of polysulfone (PSf) and other commercial membranes. NC-ILMs have a sharper …

Integrated Electrocoagulation, Ultrafiltration, Membrane Distillation, And Crystallization For Treating Produced Water, Mahmood Jebur, Yelyzaveta Bachynska, Xiaolei Hao, Sumith Ranil Wickramasinghe

Chemical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Produced water (PW) generated from hydraulic fracturing operations was treated using an integrated electrocoagulation, ultrafiltration, membrane distillation, and crystallization process (EC UF MDC). The aim was to determine the viability of this integrated process for maximizing water recovery. The results obtained here indicate that optimizing the various unit operations could lead to increased recovery of PW. Membrane fouling limits all membrane separation processes. A pretreatment step to suppress fouling is essential. Here, removal of total suspended solids (TSS) and total organic carbon (TOC) was achieved by electrocoagulation (EC) followed by ultrafiltration (UF). The hydrophobic membrane used in membrane distillation may …

Development Of Novel Nanocarbon Based Materials And Membranes With Enhanced Biocidal Capabilities For Clean Water Generation, Indrani Gupta

Dissertations

Water scarcity is one of the major challenges facing humanity today, driven by population growth, economic development, and dietary shifts towards more water-intensive animal products. To address this issue, efficient water resource management and recycling of wastewater are essential. However, around 80% of wastewater globally is discharged into water bodies without treatment, posing a risk to ecosystems and human health. Pathogens, or harmful microorganisms, are a primary cause of water impairment and the transmission of waterborne diseases, leading to increased mortality rates. Traditional methods of treating pathogens involve the use of radiation or chemical disinfectants. Nonetheless, these methods have drawbacks, …

Devices And Methods For Removing Perflourinated Compounds From Contaminted Water, Dibakar Bhattacharyya Phd, Anthony Saad Phd, Rollie Mills Phd, L. E. Ormsbee Phd, M Abdul Mottaleb Phd

Civil Engineering Faculty Patents

PFAS compounds have emerged as a persistent and harmful environmental pollutant that present significant challenges to health and remediation. This patent describes a new technology that employs membrane technology along with thermo-responsive adsorption-desorption processes to remove perfluorinated compounds from contaminate water.

Development Of Novel Sensor Coating Methodology To Enable Understanding Of Fouling Mechanisms On Ion Exchange Membranes, Andrew Ulmer

Honors Theses

As populations expand and natural water resources are depleted, severe droughts and limited access to clean water have become an increased threat to areas across the world. Effective and economic water treatment methods such as electrodialysis (ED) are vital for combating these threats, especially in developing nations and secluded locations. Organic foulant adsorption on the surface of ion exchange membranes severely limits the capabilities of water desalination systems such as ED along with significantly increasing maintenance costs. Understanding characteristics such as the total amount and rate at which these foulants at specific concentrations adsorb and desorb to the membranes is …

Utilization Of Electrodeionization To Separate And Concentrate Cellobionic And Gluconic Acid, Andie Veeder

Chemical Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

Biofuel production is currently an expensive and inefficient process with many drawbacks. It is water and land intensive, competes with food production, and requires large energy inputs decreasing its relative sustainability. This paper explores the use of electrodeionization (EDI) to improve the biofuel process by separating and concentrating large, organic sugar acids that are important materials for the production of bioethanol. An EDI device was assembled for the purpose of separating and concentrating gluconic, cellobionic and lactobionic acid. Several trials were conducted and samples were analyzed to determine the success of this experiment. The results for the separation and concentration …

Separation Of Organic Acids Through Direct Catalysis From Sugars, Katelyn Robinson

Chemical Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

Society relies on plastic products, whether they are single use or durable. A downside of plastic is that the most common type is a product of oil and oil is not only a limited resource but also a climate-damaging resource. Polylactic acid (PLA) is a bio-based, biodegradable plastic. However, the process of converting biomass to polylactic acid polymer has the largest environmental impact of the PLA production process, so alternative methods of conversion are needed (Moretti et al., 2021). The polylactic acid polymer can be made with lactic acid, which can be converted from glucose.

Polymeric Biomaterials Approaches For Engineering The In Vitro Cellular Microenvironment For Mscs, Mahsa Letter-Mahsa Haseli

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Cell therapy is a technology that relies on replacing diseased or dysfunctional cells with healthy functioning ones. One of the cells used for such advanced therapies are stem cells, owing to their ability to differentiate into specific cells required for repairing damaged or defective tissues or cells. The majority of cell-based products are intended to transiently persist in the patient, secreting factors which then allow the patient’s body to heal; in these products, the cells are subsequently eliminated from the body. Furthermore, unique manufacturing platforms, in addition to novel commercialization strategies, will be required to create a successful, sustainable cell …

Removal Of Hexavalent Chromium From Water By Chitosan-Enhanced Ultrafiltration, Putu A. Y. Indiasih, Anindita D. Syaifudin, Nurul Faiqotul Himma, Bambang Ismuyanto

Makara Journal of Technology

Polymer-enhanced ultrafiltration has gained increasing attention as a selective separation process to remove small solutes, such as metal ions, from water or wastewater. Hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) is one of the metal ions in wastewater that has received considerable attention because of its toxicity. Chitosan was used in this study as the polymer to bind Cr(VI) to enhance its removal by ultrafiltration. The effects of chitosan-to-Cr(VI) ratio on Cr(VI) rejection and permeate flux were investigated. In addition, the fouling tendency was evaluated. Results showed that the addition of chitosan with a mass ratio of 12.5 increased the Cr (VI) rejection from …

Bioinspired Redox Active Pyrogallol For Aqueous Ion Separations, Matt Libby

Honors Theses and Capstones

No abstract provided.

Beeswax Wraps As An Alternative To Single-Use Plastics, Sarah Skiver

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The project goal was to compare the food storage efficacy of sustainable beeswax wraps verses the single-use plastic methods of resealable plastic sandwich bags and plastic cling wrap. The goal was also to test the reusability of the beeswax wraps, as it is a key advantage of beeswax wraps that is advertised. The project purpose was to explore sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives to single use plastics, which are harmful to the environment in both their production and their disposal. Food spoilage was compared in beeswax wrap, plastic sandwich bags, and plastic cling wrap, and spoilage was also observed in a …

Developing And Modeling Tunable Nanofiltration And Functionalized Membranes For The Separation Of Organics And Inorganics From Water: Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances, Lanthanides, And More, Francisco Cecil Leniz-Pizarro

Theses and Dissertations--Chemical and Materials Engineering

In a world where clean water predictability is challenged by both global warming and the contamination of our natural resources, it is our responsibility to advance water separation technologies into more efficient processes and to lessen their environmental footprint. Pore and surface functionalization of membranes can enhance the separation of ions from water and even help overcome intrinsic challenges that some current separation technologies possess. If we begin with a complete fundamental understanding of the nanoscale interactions that occur in the process of separating ions from water, then we can engineer new functionalized composite membranes to provide alternative processes keeping …

Using Copper Oxide And Zwitterions To Prevent Membrane Fouling And Optimizing Ultrafiltration Membrane Fabrication With Green Solvents, Cannon Hackett

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Membrane fouling and sustainable production of membranes are two of the most important challenges in membrane science. Chapter 1 of this dissertation introduces these challenges and covers previous research that has been done in those areas. Additionally, the objectives of this dissertation are stated. In chapter 2, a study was done in which polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes were functionalized with copper oxide nanoparticles and zwitterions for the purpose of reducing fouling on the membrane surface. Characterization confirmed the attachment of each component to the membranes. Dead-end filtration was performed with water and bovine serum albumin solution and showed that the functionalization …