Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons^™

Long-Term Results Of Comprehensive Clubfoot Release Versus The Ponseti Method: Which Is Better?, Peter A. Smith, Ken N. Kuo, Adam Graf, Joseph Krzak, Ann Flanagan, Sahar Hassani, Angela Caudill, Frederick Dietz, Jose Morcuende, Gerald F. Harris

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Background

Clubfoot can be treated nonoperatively, most commonly using a Ponseti approach, or surgically, most often with a comprehensive clubfoot release. Little is known about how these approaches compare with one another at longer term, or how patients treated with these approaches differ in terms of foot function, foot biomechanics, or quality-of-life from individuals who did not have clubfoot as a child.

Questions/purposes

We compared (1) focused physical and radiographic examinations, (2) gait analysis, and (3) quality-of-life measures at long-term followup between groups of adult patients with clubfoot treated either with the Ponseti method of nonsurgical management or a comprehensive …

Differential Effects Of Refractive Blur On Day And Nighttime Driving Performance, Joanne M. Wood, Michael J. Collins, Alex Chaparro, Ralph Marszalek, Trent Carberry, Philippe Lacherez, Byoung Sun Chu

Publications

PURPOSE. To investigate the effect of different levels of refractive blur on real-world driving performance measured under day and nighttime conditions.

METHODS. Participants included 12 visually normal, young adults (mean age = 25.+- 5.2 years) who drove an instrumented research vehicle around a 4 km closed road circuit with three different levels of binocular spherical refractive blur (+0.50 diopter sphere [DS], +1.00 DS, +2.00 DS) compared with a baseline condition. The subjects wore optimal spherocylinder correction and the additional blur lenses were mounted in modified fullfield goggles; the order of testing of the blur conditions was randomized. Driving …

Tissue Engineering Bone Using Autologous Progenitor Cells In The Peritoneum, Jinhui Shen, Ramesh Saxena, Cheng Cheng Zhang, Joseph Borrelli Jr., Liping Tang, Ashwin Nair

Bioengineering Faculty Publications - Archive

No abstract provided.

Neural Correlates Of Spectral, Temporal And Spectro-Temporal Modulation, Anusha Mohan

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Natural sounds are characterized by the distribution of acoustic power over different frequency regions and/or time. This is termed spectral, temporal or spectro-temporal modulation. The auditory system is equipped with banks of filters tuned to different spectral, temporal and spectro-temporal modulation frequencies (SM, TM, STM). The sensitivity of the peripheral system to these modulations can be measured by undertaking a linear systems approach. In addition to understanding the psychophysical sensitivity, studying the neural patterns of their processing is also critical. The current study is an attempt to understand the relationship between the behavioral and neural correlates of spectral, temporal and …

Submicron-Resolution Photoacoustic Microscopy Of Endogenous Light-Absorbing Biomolecules, Chi Zhang

All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)

Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine has the unique advantage of probing endogenous light absorbers at various length scales with a 100% relative sensitivity. Among the several modalities of photoacoustic imaging, optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) can achieve high spatial resolution, on the order of optical wavelength, at <1 mm depth in biological tissue (the optical ballistic regime). OR-PAM has been applied successfully to structural and functional imaging of blood vasculature and red blood cells in vivo. Any molecules which absorb sufficient light at certain wavelengths can potentially be imaged by PAM. Compared with pure optical imaging, which typically targets fluorescent markers, label-free PAM avoids the major concerns that the fluorescent labeling probes may disturb the function of biomolecules and may have an insufficient density. This dissertation aims to advance label-free OR-PAM to the subcellular scale.

The first part of this dissertation describes the technological advancement of PAM yielding high spatial resolution in 3D. The lateral resolution was improved by using optical objectives with high numerical apertures for optical focusing. The axial resolution was improved by using broadband ultrasonic transducers for ultrasound detection. We achieved 220 nm lateral resolution in transmission …

Thrombin-Inhibiting Perfluorocarbon Nanoparticles: A New Class Of Therapeutic For Acute Thrombosis Treatment And Diagnosis, Jacob Wheatley Myerson

All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)

Optimization of the mediation of acute thrombi remains a significant research challenge in the treatment of emergency conditions including heart attack and ischemic stroke. We have demonstrated that a nanoparticle carrying potent direct thrombin inhibitors can advance the treatment of acute thrombosis arising from various cardiovascular pathologies. The thrombin-inhibiting nanoparticles presented herein are designed to focus the antithrombotic impact of direct thrombin inhibitors at the site of thrombus formation and to provide imaging contrast to highlight the formation or the abatement and eventual disintegration of the thrombus.

Perfluorocarbon nanoparticles were functionalized by covalent addition of PPACK or bivalirudin to carboxy-PEG …

Sic For Advanced Biological Applications, Joseph Register

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Silicon carbide (SiC) has been used for centuries as an industrial abrasive and has been

actively researched since the 1960's as a robust material for power electronic applications.

Despite being the first semiconductor to emit blue light in 1907, it has only recently been

discovered that the material has crucial properties ideal for long-term, implantable biomedical

devices. This is due to the fact that the material offers superior biocompatibility and

hemocompatibility while providing rigid mechanical and chemical stability. In addition, the material

is a wide-bandgap semiconductor that can be used for optoelectronics, light delivery, and optical

sensors, which is the …

Combined Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence-Surface Acoustic Wave (Mef-Saw) Biosensor, Samuel Morrill

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Immunofluorescence assays are capable of both detecting the amount of a protein and the location of the protein within a cell or tissue section. Unfortunately, the traditional technique is not capable of detecting concentrations on the nanoscale. Also, the technique suffers from non-specific attachment, which can cause false-positives, as well as photobleaching when detecting lower concentrations is attempted. There is also a time constraint problem since the technique can take from many hours to a few days in some cases.

In this work, metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) is used to lower the detection limit and reduce photobleaching. Unfortunately, MEF also increases …

An Analysis Of Eye Movements With Helmet Mounted Displays, Kalyn A. Tung

Theses and Dissertations

Helmet or Head-Mounted Displays (HMD) applications have expanded to include a range from advanced military cockpits to consumer glasses. However, users have documented loss of legibility while undergoing vibration. Recent research indicates that undesirable eye movement is related to the vibration frequency a user experiences. In vibrating environments, two competing eye reflexes likely contribute to eye movements. The Vestibulo-ocular Reflex responds to motion sensed in the otoliths while the pursuit reflex is driven by the visual system to maintain the desired image on the fovea. This study attempts to isolate undesirable eye motions that occur while using a HMD by …

Atlas-Guided Volumetric Diffuse Optical Tomography Enhanced By Generalized Linear Model Analysis To Image Risk Decision-Making Responses In Young Adults, Zi-Jing Lin, Lin Li, Mary Cazzell, Hanli Liu

Bioengineering Faculty Publications - Archive

No abstract provided.

Application Of Sub-Micrometer Vibrations To Mitigate Bacterial Adhesion, Will R. Paces, Hal Holmes, Eli Vlaisavljevich, Katherine L. Snyder, Ee Lim Tan, Rupak Rajachar, Keat Ghee Ong

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

As a prominent concern regarding implantable devices, eliminating the threat of opportunistic bacterial infection represents a significant benefit to both patient health and device function. Current treatment options focus on chemical approaches to negate bacterial adhesion, however, these methods are in some ways limited. The scope of this study was to assess the efficacy of a novel means of modulating bacterial adhesion through the application of vibrations using magnetoelastic materials. Magnetoelastic materials possess unique magnetostrictive property that can convert a magnetic field stimulus into a mechanical deformation. In vitro experiments demonstrated that vibrational loads generated by the magnetoelastic materials significantly …

Assessing Visual Perception Using Behaviour Conditioning In The Rat Model, Patricia Bacala

Rose-Hulman Undergraduate Research Publications

Neural prosthetics aim to restore function to sensory deficits. In the same sense that cochlear implants can restore auditory function, visual neural prosthetics aim to restore visual function. A strain of rats with retinal degeneration are subjects of great interest when exploring the effect of a visual neural prosthetics on visual perception. In this study we explore the rat response to a visual stimulus in normal vision rats through behavior conditioning in the development of a training protocol that will be used to assess visual perception in retinal degenerative rats. We found that autoshaping was a successful method in training …

Quantitative Relaxometry And Diffusion Mri For Lateralization In Mts And Non-Mts Temporal Lobe Epilepsy., Ali R Khan, Maged Goubran, Sandrine De Ribaupierre, Robert R Hammond, Jorge G Burneo, Andrew G Parrent, Terry M Peters

Robarts Imaging Publications

We developed novel methodology for investigating the use of quantitative relaxometry (T1 and T2) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for lateralization in temporal lobe epilepsy. Patients with mesial temporal sclerosis confirmed by pathology (N=8) and non-MTS unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (N=6) were compared against healthy controls (N=19) using voxel-based analysis restricted to the anterior temporal lobes, and laterality indices for each MRI metric (T1, T2, fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity, axial and radial diffusivities) were computed based on the proportion of significant voxels on each side. The diffusivity metrics were the most lateralizing MRI metrics in MTS and non-MTS subsets, …

Characterizing Phantom Arteries With Multi-Channel Laser Ultrasonics And Photo-Acoustics, Jami L. Johnson, Kasper Van Wijk, Michelle Sabick

Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Multi-channel photo-acoustic and laser ultrasonic waves are used to sense the characteristics of proxies for healthy and diseased vessels. The acquisition system is non-contacting and non-invasive with a pulsed laser source and a laser vibrometer detector. As the wave signatures of our targets are typically low in amplitude, we exploit multi-channel acquisition and processing techniques. These are commonly used in seismology to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of data. We identify vessel proxies with a diameter on the order of 1 mm, at a depth of 18 mm. Variations in scattered and photo-acoustic signatures are related to differences in vessel wall …

Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy Of Epithelial Tissue With A Smart Fiber-Optic Probe, Bing Yu, Amy Shah, Vivek K. Nagarajan, Daron G. Ferris

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) with a fiber-optic probe can noninvasively quantify the optical properties of epithelial tissues and has shown the potential as a cost-effective, fast and sensitive tool for diagnosis of early precancerous changes in the cervix and oral cavity. However, current DRS systems are susceptible to several sources of systematic and random errors, such as uncontrolled probe-to-tissue pressure and lack of a real-time calibration that can significantly impair the measurement accuracy, reliability and validity of this technology as well as its clinical utility. In addition, such systems use bulky, high power and expensive optical components which impede their …

Isoflurane Modulates Cardiac Mitochondrial Bioenergetics By Selectively Attenuating Respiratory Complexes, Bhawana Agarwal, Ranjan K. Dash, David F. Stowe, Zeljko J. Bosnjak, Amadou K.S. Camara

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to cardiac ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury but volatile anesthetics (VA) may alter mitochondrial function to trigger cardioprotection. We hypothesized that the VA isoflurane (ISO) mediates cardioprotection in part by altering the function of several respiratory and transport proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). To test this we used fluorescence spectrophotometry to measure the effects of ISO (0, 0.5, 1, 2 mM) on the time-course of interlinked mitochondrial bioenergetic variables during states 2, 3 and 4 respiration in the presence of either complex I substrate K⁺-pyruvate/malate (PM) or complex II substrate K⁺-succinate (SUC) at physiological …

Classification Of Human Retinal Microaneurysms Using Adaptive Optics Scanning Light Ophthalmoscope Fluorescein Angiography, Michael Dubow, Alexander Pinhas, Nishit Shah, Robert F. Cooper, Alexander Gan, Ronald C. Gentile, Vernon Hendrix, Yusufu N. Sulai, Joseph Carroll, Toco Y.P. Chui, Joseph B. Walsh, Rishard Weitz, Alfredo Dubra, Richard B. Rosen

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Purpose.

Microaneurysms (MAs) are considered a hallmark of retinal vascular disease, yet what little is known about them is mostly based upon histology, not clinical observation. Here, we use the recently developed adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) fluorescein angiography (FA) to image human MAs in vivo and to expand on previously described MA morphologic classification schemes.

Methods.

Patients with vascular retinopathies (diabetic, hypertensive, and branch and central retinal vein occlusion) were imaged with reflectance AOSLO and AOSLO FA. Ninety-three MAs, from 14 eyes, were imaged and classified according to appearance into six morphologic groups: focal bulge, saccular, fusiform, mixed, …

Comparison Of Adaptive Optics Scanning Light Ophthalmoscopic Fluorescein Angiography And Offset Pinhole Imaging, Toco Y.P. Chui, Michael Dubow, Alexander Pinhas, Nishit Shah, Alexander Gan, Rishard Weitz, Yusufu N. Sulai, Alfredo Dubra, Richard B. Rosen

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Recent advances to the adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) have enabled finer in vivo assessment of the human retinal microvasculature. AOSLO confocal reflectance imaging has been coupled with oral fluorescein angiography (FA), enabling simultaneous acquisition of structural and perfusion images. AOSLO offset pinhole (OP) imaging combined with motion contrast post-processing techniques, are able to create a similar set of structural and perfusion images without the use of exogenous contrast agent. In this study, we evaluate the similarities and differences of the structural and perfusion images obtained by either method, in healthy control subjects and in patients with retinal vasculopathy …

Hemocompatibility Comparison Of Biomedical Grade Polymers Using Rabbit Thrombogenicity Model For Preparing Nonthrombogenic Nitric Oxide Releasing Surfaces, Hitesh Handa, Terry C. Major, Elizabeth Brisbois, Kagya Amoako, Mark E. Meyerhoff, Robert E. Bartlett

Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Faculty Publications

Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous vasodilator as well as natural inhibitor of platelet adhesion/ activation. Nitric oxide releasing (NOrel) materials can be prepared by doping an NO donor species, such as diazeniumdiolated dibutylhexanediamine (DBHD/N2O2), within a polymer coating. The inherent hemocompatibility properties of the base polymer can also influence the efficiency of such NO release coatings. In this study, four biomedical grade polymers were evaluated in a 4 h rabbit model of thrombogenicity for their effects on extracorporeal circuit thrombus formation and circulating platelet count. At the end of 4 h, Elast-Eon E2As was found to preserve 58% of …

Elucidation Of Emergent Regional Mechanisms Of Heart Muscle Dysfunction In The Mouse Model Of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Ya-Jian Cheng

All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)

Cardiac dysfunction is a primary cause of mortality in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), potentially related to elevated cytosolic calcium. However, the regional versus global functional consequences of cellular calcium mishandling have not been defined in the whole heart. Here, we elucidate, for the first time, loci- and age-dependencies between calcium mishandling and myocardial sheet function as a manifestation of dystrophin-deficient cardiomyopathy. We also map calcium transients to illustrate the regional dependence of ion flux disturbances in the dystrophin-deficient (mdx) mouse heart. Furthermore, we elucidate abnormalities in autophagic processes that can be corrected with nanoparticle therapeutics delivering rapamycin to heart tissues …