Framing The Fuzzy: Mapping Expert Designers’ Problem Framing Through C–K Theory,
2026
University of Canterbury, New Zealand
Framing The Fuzzy: Mapping Expert Designers’ Problem Framing Through C–K Theory, Die Hu, Thomas Woods, Wendy Zhang, Zehong Li, Hongyao Li
DRS Biennial Conference Series
During the Fuzzy Front End (FFE), the early and uncertain stage of the design process, creatively framing design problems plays a critical role in shaping direction and originality of outcomes. While the value of problem framing is well established, the cognitive mechanisms for innovation developed through industrial experience by which expert designers navigate ambiguity, remain comparatively underexamined. Guided by the C–K Theory, this study examines how expert designers leverage experiential knowledge when transitioning between concept (C) and knowledge (K) spaces. Using a qualitative approach, we conducted semi-structured interviews and real-time framing tasks with 12 expert designers (5+ years of practice). …
Ddenso: An Evaluation-Driven Methodology For Information Visualisations,
2026
Politecnico di Milano, Italy
Ddenso: An Evaluation-Driven Methodology For Information Visualisations, Michele Mauri, Elena Aversa, Anna Cattaneo, María De Los Ángeles Briones Rojas
DRS Biennial Conference Series
When designing Information Visualisations for Media and Information Literacy (MIL) initiatives, a significant challenge lies in ensuring that they effectively transmit and consolidate knowledge, particularly when the Information Visualisation literacy of the audience is unknown. Applying a Research through Design approach, this article describes a meta-process: the reflective and iterative path that led to the definition of DDENSO, a replicable design methodology for creating and evaluating Information Visualisations that allow for knowledge retention. Grounded in prior theoretical and practical experience in Information Design, DDENSO emerged through the development of the artefacts for a MIL exhibition exploring the social implications of …
Designing Safer School Routes In Busan, South Korea: Living Lab Approach To Child-Centered Traffic Safety,
2026
Dongseo University, Korea, Republic of (South Korea)
Designing Safer School Routes In Busan, South Korea: Living Lab Approach To Child-Centered Traffic Safety, Yong-Ki Lee
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Urban traffic environments in Busan, South Korea, often remain poorly adapted to the needs of children, despite infrastructure-based safety measures. This paper reports on a Living Lab project for co-creating safer school commuting environments through participatory service design. Researchers, elementary school students, parents, residents, and local authorities collaboratively identified critical issues, generated design ideas, and evaluated context-specific interventions. This paper synthesizes the Living Lab as both a methodological framework and a civic learning ecosystem by tracing how stakeholders’ perceptions, roles, and capacities evolved through iterative co-design, mapping, and prototyping activities. The findings highlight the potential of Living Labs to bridge …
Value Co-Creation, Co-Displacement, And Co-Destruction In Design: Bridging Value And Values In Human-Data Interaction,
2026
The University of Exeter
Value Co-Creation, Co-Displacement, And Co-Destruction In Design: Bridging Value And Values In Human-Data Interaction, Boyeun Lee, Ella Tallyn, Ramprabu Thangaraj, Chris Elsden, Chris Speed
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Data has emerged as a fundamental driver of value creation within design processes, shaping economic, ethical, and environmental outcomes across societies and socio-technical systems. Existing scholarship often frames value in binary terms of co-creation and co-destruction, overlooking the systemic complexities introduced by interconnected, data-intensive systems. This paper introduces the novel concept of value co-displacement to capture how alternative forms of value emerge and displace others within human–data interaction. Drawing on four design research case studies, we investigate how value and values are co-created, co-displaced, and co-destroyed across interconnected, data-intensive systems. We develop a framework that conceptualises the dynamic interplay of …
Emerging Hybrid Human-Genai Workflows To Optimise Human Ideation, Sketching And Design,
2026
Western Sydney University, Australia
Emerging Hybrid Human-Genai Workflows To Optimise Human Ideation, Sketching And Design, Mauricio Novoa Munoz, Juan Antonio Islas Munoz, Alejandro Lozano Robledo
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This article presents findings on the reciprocal relationship between industrial design education and the industry it prepares graduates for. Particularly considering the growing impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) on ideation, sketching, design methodologies, and productivity. To inform this research, industry professionals currently integrating GenAI into their practice were consulted to establish benchmarks and highlight critical areas for updated pedagogical approaches and digital transformation, thereby ensuring that design learning and productivity workflows remain relevant. The study arises from an awareness of current workforce shifts that are anticipated to become more pronounced soon. Rapid technological advancements are driving significant cultural and …
Interface Cultures, Forever: Speculative Prototypes For Technological Awareness,
2026
Università Iuav di Venezia, Italy
Interface Cultures, Forever: Speculative Prototypes For Technological Awareness, Mario Ciaramitaro, Pietro Costa
DRS Biennial Conference Series
As artificial intelligence increasingly takes over the designer’s role in shaping interfaces for services and platforms, a key challenge is how to teach young designers to critically reflect on how design mechanisms shape users and their everyday lives. Interface Cultures, Forever was a design workshop that challenged the conventional notion of the digital interface. Participants were asked to design critical interfaces - concepts that reveal tensions, paradoxes, and invisible mechanisms within digital life. Through speculative and ironic prototypes, students explored how interfaces shape behavior, emotion, and identity. The projects articulate a landscape of cultural critique, where the interface becomes both …
Against The Given: Reframing The Brief For Transformative Design Practices,
2026
Elisava (UVic-UCC), Catalonia, Spain
Against The Given: Reframing The Brief For Transformative Design Practices, Roger Paez, James Auger
DRS Biennial Conference Series
While design transition discourse foregrounds systemic change, pedagogy frequently remains rooted in a solutionist mindset, in which the design brief often functions to perpetuate norms. Drawing on the Erasmus+ project Speculative Urban Futures, we reimagine the design brief as an infrastructure for epistemic plurality. Students collaboratively develop and circulate briefs across groups, harnessing divergence as a means of expanding the design space and unsettling normative expectations. We argue that embracing this tension is central to navigating the “growing pains” of design transitions. By embedding theoretical complexity within viscerality, playfulness and speculation, design education can shift from transmission to transformation—equipping students …
Exploring Common Understandings And Bodily Experiences Of Vulnerability In Design Researchers In Sensitive Contexts,
2026
Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
Exploring Common Understandings And Bodily Experiences Of Vulnerability In Design Researchers In Sensitive Contexts, Bhakti Moghe, Roberta Antognini, Sofie Dideriksen, Zhuochao Peng, Francesca Toso, Maarten Houben
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Design researchers are increasingly being exposed to stressors while empathizing with their participants such as feeling emotionally charged, leading them to feeling vulnerable. Currently, there is a lack of clear consensus on how this vulnerability arises and manifests, hindering both individual and collective awareness and support. To address this gap, we conducted an empirical investigation into the vulnerability of design researchers. We conducted exploratory workshops with PhD students working in the field of design research in sensitive settings. The workshops consisted of three approaches to understand researcher vulnerability: (1) Reflecting on individual and collective vulnerability, (2) Exploring embodied experiences, and …
The Memory Loom: Reweaving Curatorial Power Relations With Source Communities In Virtual Reality Cultural Heritage Exhibitions,
2026
Beijing Institute of Technology, China
The Memory Loom: Reweaving Curatorial Power Relations With Source Communities In Virtual Reality Cultural Heritage Exhibitions, Ning Zhao, Ziqiang He, Shijie Ming, Haopeng Yuan, Furui Sun, Ke Jiang
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper examines how to redistribute curatorial power in VR heritage exhibitions by designing actionable governance mechanisms. We conceptualize VR heritage exhibitions as political curatorial infrastructures rather than neutral storytelling media. We employ a two-stage RtD framework: first building a baseline VR stage, then embedding two mechanisms: Parallel Weave (narrative authorship) and Asynchronous Governance Lock (publishing/veto rights). With N=32 participants, analysis reveals four tensions: (1) community narratives increased affective engagement and epistemic recognition, yet (2) parallel inclusion also risked narrative segregation; (3) a visible veto established accountable workflows, but (4) this power redistribution also transferred sociopolitical risk onto community representatives, …
Designing Motion Identity: Exploring The Aesthetic Expression Of Brand Style Through System Motion,
2026
Hunan University, China, People's Republic of China
Designing Motion Identity: Exploring The Aesthetic Expression Of Brand Style Through System Motion, Xinyi Xie, Yinman Guo, Zican Chen
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This study investigates how system motion enhances aesthetic experience and shapes users’ interpretation of brand style. Using Windows 11, macOS, and HarmonyOS as representative cases, the study analyses four categories of system animations through a motor-level framework comprising temporal, spatial, and transformational attributes. Twelve motion samples were coded, and participants evaluated each sample using perceptual adjectives. The results show that consistent attribute patterns across functional categories lead to stable aesthetic tendencies, while differences emerge from how each system repeatedly applies these attributes. These attribute biases create distinct perceptual profiles, indicating that motion can function as a subtle medium for expressing …
The Influence Of Generative Ai On Design Students' Confidence And Self-Efficacy: A Case Study Of Logotype Design,
2026
School of Architecture, Art and Design, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
The Influence Of Generative Ai On Design Students' Confidence And Self-Efficacy: A Case Study Of Logotype Design, Yamile Guzman-Saleh, Juan-Carlos Rojas, Johana Gisela Hernandez-Martinez, Manuel Contero
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This study examines the influence of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) on design students’ self-efficacy and perceived confidence during a logotype creation task. Through an exploratory pre–post experimental protocol, 35 undergraduate design students generated manual sketches and subsequently refined them using a GenAI tool. The results show that, while GenAI effectively transformed manual sketches into more elaborate visual representations, its impact on students’ perceived creative mastery remained moderate. Self-efficacy and confidence levels showed no significant differences after the intervention, although slight improvements were observed in aspects related to imagination, collaboration, and willingness to face challenging situations. Students assessed the utility, novelty, …
Troubling Transitions: Growing Pains In Designing And Researching For Transformation,
2026
Eindhoven University of Technology; Norwich University of the Arts, United Kingdom
Troubling Transitions: Growing Pains In Designing And Researching For Transformation, Femke Coops, Marysol Ortega Pallanez, Joanna Boehnert, Idil Gaziulusoy, Silvana Juri, Anja Overdiek, Alma Leora Culén, Ida Nilstad Pettersen, Dan Lockton, Emma Dewberry, Fabrizio Ceschin
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The theme track ‘Troubling Transitions: Growing Pains in Designing and Researching for Transformation’ at DRS2026 includes 12 papers that explore the growing pains, the frictions, contradictions, and (unresolved) dilemmas that characterise designing for transitions and transformations including tensions around epistemic challenges, transdisciplinarity, and participation, and the responses designers/design researchers are exploring to meet them. This editorial describes key growing pains addressed in the papers, while highlighting the different response to dilemmas in transition work. Through reflecting on the contributions to the track, several opportunities for future work arise as the field matures.
No One Knew. They Came. Exploring Photo-Elicitation In Societal Development,
2026
Regional Development Department, Region Västmanland, Västerås, Sweden;
Department of Health Sciences, Innovation and Design, Mälardalen University, Eskilstuna, Sweden
No One Knew. They Came. Exploring Photo-Elicitation In Societal Development, Jennie Schaeffer, Mira Karlsson, Andreea Strineholm, Erika Andersson
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Citizen dialogues strive for inclusivity but often exclude marginalized groups. New participatory and creativity-based approaches are needed to be evaluated and become a part of the skillset repertoire for public officials to foster an inclusive dialogue. This paper reflects on photo-based conversations as a dialogic method for societal development and inclusion. The results show that the method provides possibilities to creatively involve participants, strengthen relationships and open a space for diverse narratives between different actors in society. However, the challenges of internal exclusion, lack of strategies for impact, and the need to build competence in handling conflicting stories, without depoliticizing …
Interiority As A Pedagogical Approach In Interior Design Studio Education,
2026
Yasar University, Turkiye
Interiority As A Pedagogical Approach In Interior Design Studio Education, Selin Aktan Abraham, Fulya Özbey
DRS Biennial Conference Series
As the central platform of design education, interior design studios function as dynamic learning environments that advance creativity and sensitivity to the social and spatial dimensions of design. Although the experiential qualities of space are conceptually acknowledged within studio pedagogy, the notion of ‘interiority’ remains unstudied compared to the emphasis placed on technical requirements. This paper positions interiority as a critical yet underexplored component of interior design pedagogy. Through a literature mapping and thematic synthesis, this paper defines five core dimensions of interiority as (1) spatial, (2) sensory, (3) affective, (4) identity-related, and (5) temporal, then correlates these dimensions in …
Frictions And Constraints Of Institutioning: Facilitating Equitable Participatory Design With Migrants In Municipalities,
2026
Aalto University, Finland
Frictions And Constraints Of Institutioning: Facilitating Equitable Participatory Design With Migrants In Municipalities, Uttishta Sreerama Varanasi, Rūta Šerpytytė, Thomas Olsson
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Applying participatory design in the public sector is both challenged and fuelled by the diversity and dynamism of changing populations, particularly with institutions looking to engage and integrate their migrant residents. We examine the capabilities of Participatory Design (PD) in a Finnish municipality, providing empirical evidence of the frictions and constraints of institutioning efforts towards equitable participation. Through the lens of institutioning, we analyse the political and social nature of institutional participatory approaches by the municipality. By engaging NGOs as civic intermediaries in between migrants and the public sector, we unpack the metacultural discourses, institutional strategies and policies that may …
Designing With Care: Proposing An Ethical Canvas For Co-Design With Marginalised Groups,
2026
Laurea University of Applied Sciences, Finland;
University of Lapland, Finland
Designing With Care: Proposing An Ethical Canvas For Co-Design With Marginalised Groups, Hilkka Lydén, Soile Juujärvi, Satu Miettinen
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper addresses gaps in ethical guidance for socially oriented designers engaged in co-design with marginalised groups. It introduces an ethical canvas for planning and evaluating co-design, developed through a collaborative inquiry led by a practitioner-researcher with long experience in community-based design. The canvas was informed by the authoring team’s expertise in service design, ethical decision-making, and socially engaged design research. It makes ethical deliberation visible and actionable, especially where multiple or conflicting values are present. The canvas invites designers to reflect on their stance, engage with participants’ lived realities, and navigate tensions between institutional expectations and situated needs. It …
Interspecies: A Collaborative Curatorial Inquiry Into New Romanticism,
2026
Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal
Interspecies: A Collaborative Curatorial Inquiry Into New Romanticism, Mariana Pestana, Katerina Inglezaki, Carlos Pastor, Mathilde Gouin, Bernardo Gaeiras, Fernanda Costa, Mariana Simões
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper presents a situated, plural, and horizontal curatorial methodology centered on questioning rather than providing solutions in response to posthuman thought and practice. It inquires whether we might be witnessing the emergence of a New Romanticism in contemporary design and architecture concerned with interspecies relations. This romantic turn arises by acknowledging subjectivity and imagination while engaging critically with the complexities of the climate crisis. To this end, this paper examines the making of an exhibition that assembled material evidence from science, art, technology, and design. The exhibition was developed through a three-step curatorial framework aligned with the decentering narratives …
Enframing Creativity: Speculations On Design Education's Transformations In The Age Of Generative Ai,
2026
Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Germany
Enframing Creativity: Speculations On Design Education's Transformations In The Age Of Generative Ai, Alireza Sharifi, Michael Hohl, Fredrik Skatar
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The rapid advancement of AI technologies necessitates a shift from reactive adoption to speculative inquiry into long-term consequences for educational systems. Grounded in Martin Heidegger's "The Question Concerning Technology," this research examines the epistemology of AI in design education. Methodologically, it employs speculative futurology, integrating speculative design, critical design, and scenario planning to explore possible futures, culminating in a philosophical mapping framework based on Heidegger's critical stance. The findings reveal a critical temporal mismatch between rapid AI capability growth and slower educational adaptation, creating urgency for human-centered frameworks. The research concludes that design education's future depends on consciously cultivating Critical …
The Lustre Of Hands,
2026
University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
The Lustre Of Hands, Ziyan Wang
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper introduces the lustre of hands—a term used to describe the gentle, subtle sheen that appears on things through long and caring contact with human hands. This concept challenges the visual paradigm and the pursuit of the new in contemporary design. It suggests that the traces of touch and time embody care, continuity, and human presence. Illustrated through the author’s example of a family inkstone, whose surface bears the lustre accumulated over generations, it offers design a powerful perspective: to appreciate the marks left by time and use to make things more fully used rather than wasted; to give …
Mediating Sonic Worlds: Critical Approaches To Boundary Objects In Sound-Driven Design,
2026
Institute for Research and Coordination in Acoustics/Music, France
Mediating Sonic Worlds: Critical Approaches To Boundary Objects In Sound-Driven Design, Stefano Delle Monache, Nicolas Misdariis, Elif Özcan, Daniel Hug, Sara Lenzi, Sandra Pauletto, Davide Rocchesso, Simone Spagnol
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This theme critically examines boundary objects – work arrangements, artefacts and representations facilitating cooperation across diverse social groups [1, 2] – at the intersection of sound and design. Our fundamental question is: how effectively can objects informed or defined by sound and listening fulfil this important role in design [3]? Sound-driven design [4, 5] addresses complex socio-technological challenges induced by sound to design for sonic habitability: positive auditory experiences that enhance well-being, foster social connection, and promote a more harmonious relationship between humans, their technologies, and their environments [6]. Sonic boundary objects leverage sound and listening to structure information and …
