Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment Commons^™

Abcb5+ Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Therapy Protects From Hypoxia By Restoring Ca2+ Homeostasis In Vitro And In Vivo, Kaixuan Yan, Jiaxing Zheng, Mark Andreas Kluth, Lin Li, Christoph Ganss, Benito Yard, Richard Magdeburg, Markus H. Frank, Prama Pallavi, Michael Keese

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background:

Hypoxia in ischemic disease impairs Ca²⁺ homeostasis and may promote angiogenesis. The therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in peripheral arterial occlusive disease is well established, yet its influence on cellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis remains to be elucidated. We addressed the influence of ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 5 positive mesenchymal stromal cells (ABCB5⁺ MSCs) on Ca²⁺ homeostasis in hypoxic human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro and in vivo.

Methods:

Hypoxia was induced in HUVECs by Cobalt (II) chloride (CoCl₂) or Deferoxamine (DFO). Dynamic changes in the cytosolic- and endoplasmic reticulum …

Outcomes Of A Modification Of The Brain Injury Guidelines (Big) On Resource Utilization And Its Impact On Outcomes, Jay Getzinger, Alison Karadjoff Do, Alita Pitogo, Samantha Tarras Md Facs

Medical Student Research Symposium

Background:

Brain injury guidelines (BIG) were developed to classify traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients and identify those that did not require ICU admission. Our aim was to implement our modified BIG (mBIG) in hopes of decreasing use of ICU beds for small TBI hemorrhages without compromising outcomes.

Methods:

Our mBIG protocol was implemented in January 2021 at Detroit Receiving Hospital with patients classified per the Table. Concurrent and retrospective data collected included demographics, ICU admission, outcomes, head CT scans and need for neurosurgical intervention. One-way ANOVA and chi-squared analysis were used with a p-value of ≤0.05 being significant.

Results:

125 …

Pediatric Adhd And Screening For Comorbidities, Colleen Kelly

SIU Journal of Medical Science Scholarly Works

Psychiatric disorders are very common in the general pediatric population. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric diagnosis in childhood but can mimic and be found comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders. It is necessary for primary care providers to perform a thorough initial workup for ADHD and possible comorbidity psychiatric disorders to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment of pediatric patients.

Calciphylaxis, A Case Series: The Importance Of Early Detection, Nikita Sijapati, Suy Sen Hung Fong, Omar Ansari, Subhasis Misra, Edgar Mercado, My Myers, Vijay Narasimha

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Introduction

Calciphylaxis is a rare disorder that involves the formation of cutaneous, subcutaneous, and vascular calcifications. Although it is predominantly seen in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), it has also been reported in patients without chronic kidney disease. The presence of multiple risk factors, a poorly understood mechanism, high mortality, and the lack of standardized treatment make calciphylaxis an important subject.

Case Presentation

We describe the clinical presentation, disease course, and management of 3 patients with calciphylaxis and also provide a literature review. In all 3 patients, the diagnosis was confirmed histologically, and the management involved the continuation of …

Prevention Of Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity By A Coumestan Analogue, Psoralidin, Mujtaba H. Shah, Myia Aiges, Kota V. Ramana

Annual Research Symposium

Natural phenolic compound Psoralidin limits cardiotoxicity associated with Doxorubicin

Breast Cancer Subtyping Of The Cancer Genome Atlas (Tcga) Samples, Spencer E. Yu, Alfred B. Amendolara, Steven T. Tung, Alexander P. Sheppert, Nasif Islam, Mindy Cook, Lena Diprizito, Nicole Lashiker, Roshni Jogin, John A. Kriak, Kyle B. Bills, David W. Sant

Annual Research Symposium

No abstract provided.

Testing Extraction Of Dna From Lipid-Rich Tissues Using Various Reagents And Commercially Available Kits, Ryan V. Powers, Walker C. Kay, Jonathon C. Reynolds, Nathaniel E. Hill, Cole J. Farnsworth, Molly E. Henley, Alfred B. Amendolara, Noah D. Boekweg, John A. Kriak, Kyle B. Bills, David W. Sant

Annual Research Symposium

No abstract provided.

Sulopenem For The Treatment Of Complicated And Uncomplicated Bacterial Urinary Tract Infection (Uti), Aiyi Chen, Thanh-Liem Vu, Daniel J. Yang, Landon Olsen

Annual Research Symposium

No abstract provided.

Post-Partum Depression (Ppd) Screening Tools Effectiveness In Refugee Populations, Joshua Jensen

Annual Research Symposium

Purpose:

Immigrant mothers check all the boxes that are significant risk factors for developing or exacerbating Postpartum Depression (PPD). These risk factors include, suffering in solitude, cultural conceptualizations, barriers to help seeking, and a lack of facilitators to help seeking. Despite this very little research has been done to find effective screening methods for this population.

The purpose of this research project is to compile the works of those before me to determine whether the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression or the PHQ 9 screening tool is the most effective for immigrant mothers.

Methods:

Research determining the effectivity of the two tests …

Practice And Implications Of Funding And Management Of Alzheimer’S Disease Research Programs In The United States Federal Government, Zhiling Han, Baicun Li, Xiaoxi Xiao, Xiaoxuan Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

How to fund and manage major scientific projects of scientific frontier or national needs, including topic selection, funding programs, performance evaluation, etc., is an urgent problem facing in China. In this study, the federal government of the United States funding and organizing research on the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease was studied to reveal the key mechanisms behind its significant progress. It is found that the United States has formed a set of relatively mature and effective financial support mechanism in science and technology projects, including organization and mobilization, object management, performance evaluation, budget evaluation. This set of mechanism …

Performance Of A Sars-Cov-2 Rt-Pcr Assay With Non-Traditional Specimen Types, Subathra Marimuthu, Holly Aliesky, Heather Ness, Daniya Sheikh, Sathya Rashmit, Dawn Balcom, Leslie A. Wolf

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

During the first two years of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, nasopharyngeal (NP) specimens were the gold standard for clinical diagnostic testing. As information about the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing the pandemic continued to be shared, it was clear that the virus could be detected in other specimen types during an active infection. The University of Louisville Infectious Diseases Laboratory accepted non-traditional specimen types, most without a paired, positive NP result, for research purposes only to support local epidemiology efforts. A real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay originally validated for NP specimens was used …

Novel Therapeutic Targets For Migraine, Areeba Nisar, Zubair Ahmed, Hsiangkuo Yuan

Department of Jefferson Headache Center papers and presentations

Migraine, a primary headache disorder involving a dysfunctional trigeminal vascular system, remains a major debilitating neurological condition impacting many patients’ quality of life. Despite the success of multiple new migraine therapies, not all patients achieve significant clinical benefits. The success of CGRP pathway-targeted therapy highlights the importance of translating the mechanistic understanding toward effective therapy. Ongoing research has identified multiple potential mechanisms in migraine signaling and nociception. In this narrative review, we discuss several potential emerging therapeutic targets, including pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), adenosine, δ-opioid receptor (DOR), potassium channels, transient receptor potential ion channels (TRP), and acid-sensing ion channels …

Current And Emerging Therapies For Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction In Hypertriglyceridemia, Reed Mszar, Sarah Bart, Alexander Sakers, Daniel Soffer, Dean G. Karalis

Division of Cardiology Faculty Papers

Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a prevalent medical condition in patients with cardiometabolic risk factors and is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), if left undiagnosed and undertreated. Current guidelines identify HTG as a risk-enhancing factor and, as a result, recommend clinical evaluation and lifestyle-based interventions to address potential secondary causes of elevated triglyceride (TG) levels. For individuals with mild to moderate HTG at risk of ASCVD, statin therapy alone or in combination with other lipid-lowering medications known to decrease ASCVD risk are guideline-endorsed. In addition to lifestyle modifications, patients with severe HTG at risk of acute pancreatitis …

Session 12: Active Learning To Minimize The Possible Risk From Future Epidemics, Kc Santosh

SDSU Data Science Symposium

In medical imaging informatics, for any future epidemics (e.g., Covid-19), deep learning (DL) models are of no use as they require a large dataset as they take months and even years to collect enough data (with annotations). In such a context, active learning (or human/expert-in-the-loop) is the must, where a machine can learn from the first day with minimum possible labeled data. In unsupervised learning, we propose to build pre-trained DL models that iteratively learn independently over time, where human/expert intervenes only when it makes mistakes and for only a limited data. In our work, deep features are used to …

Digital 3d Brain Mri Arterial Territories Atlas, Chin-Fu Liu, Johnny Hsu, Xin Xu, Ganghyun Kim, Shannon M. Sheppard, Erin L. Meier, Michael I. Miller, Argye E. Hillis, Andreia V. Faria

Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Articles and Research

The locus and extent of brain damage in the event of vascular insult can be quantitatively established quickly and easily with vascular atlases. Although highly anticipated by clinicians and clinical researchers, no digital MRI arterial atlas is readily available for automated data analyses. We created a digital arterial territory atlas based on lesion distributions in 1,298 patients with acute stroke. The lesions were manually traced in the diffusion-weighted MRIs, binary stroke masks were mapped to a common space, probability maps of lesions were generated and the boundaries for each arterial territory was defined based on the ratio between probabilistic maps. …

Deciphering Microbiota Of Acute Upper Respiratory Infections: A Comparative Analysis Of Pcr And Mngs Methods For Lower Respiratory Trafficking Potential, Sadia Almas, Rob E. Carpenter, Anuradha Singh, Chase Rowan, Vaibhav Tamrakar, Rahul Sharma

Human Resource Development Faculty Publications and Presentations

Although it is clinically important for acute respiratory tract (co)infections to have a rapid and accurate diagnosis, it is critical that respiratory medicine understands the advantages of current laboratory methods. In this study, we tested nasopharyngeal samples (n = 29) with a commercially available PCR assay and compared the results with those of a hybridization-capture-based mNGS workflow. Detection criteria for positive PCR samples was Ct < 35 and for mNGS samples it was >40% target coverage, median depth of 1X and RPKM > 10. A high degree of concordance (98.33% PPA and 100% NPA) was recorded. However, mNGS yielded positively 29 additional microorganisms (23 bacteria, 4 viruses, and …

Quantifying 64 Drugs, Illicit Substances, And D- And L- Isomers In Human Oral Fluid With Liquid-Liquid Extraction, Brian Robbins, Rob E. Carpenter, Mary Long, Jacob Perry

Human Resource Development Faculty Publications and Presentations

Although human oral fluid has become more routine for quantitative drug detection in pain management, detecting a large scope of medications and substances is costly and technically challenging for laboratories. This paper presents a quantitative assay for 64 pain medications, illicit substances, and drug metabolites in human oral fluid. The novelty of this assay is that it was developed on an older model AB SCIEX 4000 instrument and renders obscure the need for more technical and expensive laboratory equipment. This method includes addition of internal standard and a 2-step liquid-liquid extraction and dry-down step to concentrate and clean the samples. …

Optimization Of The Illumina Covidseq™ Protocol For Decentralized, Cost-Effective Genomic Surveillance, Rob E. Carpenter, Vaibhav Tamrakar, Sadia Almas, Aditya Sharma, Chase Rowan, Rahul Sharma

Human Resource Development Faculty Publications and Presentations

A decentralized surveillance system to identify local outbreaks and monitor SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern is one of the primary strategies for the pandemic’s containment. Although nextgeneration sequencing (NGS) is a gold standard for genomic surveillance and variant discovery, the technology is still cost-prohibitive for decentralized sequencing, particularly in small independent labs with limited resources. We have optimized the Illumina COVIDSeq™ protocol for the Illumina MiniSeq instrument to reduce cost without compromising accuracy. We slashed the library preparation cost by half by using 50% of recommended reagents at each step and normalizing the libraries before pooling to achieve uniform coverage. Reagent-only …

Leveraging Bio-Inspired Molecules For Cancer Theranostics, Douglas S. Macpherson

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

A variety of molecules can be radiolabeled and delivered to a cancer site for the purposes of diagnostics and therapy. Among the most promising of tumor targeting molecules are peptides and antibodies. These bio-inspired molecules can be designed and synthesized to target and respond to cancer cells based on the properties of those cells. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzymes are over-expressed by some metastatic cancers, in which they are responsible for the degradation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. In recent years, MMPs have emerged as promising targets for enzyme-responsive diagnostic probes because oligopeptides can be designed to be selectively hydrolyzed …

Second Generation Phenyloxadiazolyl Methyl Sulfones For Thiol-Specific Bioconjugations, Guillaume Dewaele-Le Roi

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The role of antibody-based molecular agents for diagnosis and therapy of cancer has expanded significantly over the past decades. However, most of these constructs are synthesized using traditional bioconjugation methods based on the random ligations between the molecular cargo and lysine residues within the protein. These non-specific approaches can create poorly defined conjugates with suboptimal immunoreactivity and in vivo performance while Site-specific approaches to antibody bioconjugation based on ligations between maleimides and free cysteine residues have long stood as attractive alternatives. Yet the inherent instability of the thiol-maleimide linkage has fueled the search for new, more stable thiol-reactive prosthetic groups. …

Epigenetic Regulation Of Corneal Epithelial Differentiation By Tet2, Yuzuru Sasamoto, Siyuan Wu, Catherine A. A. Lee, Jason Y. Jiang, Bruce R. Ksander, Markus H. Frank, Natasha Y. Frank

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Epigenetic DNA modification by 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), generated by the Ten-eleven translocation (TET) dioxygenases, regulates diverse biological functions in many organ tissues, including the mammalian eye. For example, 5hmC has been shown to be involved in epigenetic regulation of retinal gene expression. However, a functional role of 5hmC in corneal differentiation has not been investigated to date. Here, we examined 5hmC and TET function in the human cornea. We found 5hmC highly expressed in MUC16-positive terminally differentiated cells that also co-expressed the 5hmC-generating enzyme TET2. TET2 knockdown (KD) in cultured corneal epithelial cells led to significant reductions of 5hmC peak distributions …

Impact Of Perioperative Dexamethasone On Hospital Length Of Stay And Glycemic Control In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty, Vanessa Williams, Mohammad J. Uddin Ansari, Amruta Jaju, Stacey Ward, Daniel O'Keefe, Jumana Abdelkarim, Nicole Montes, Ula Tarabichi, Albert Botchway, Michael G. Jakoby Iv

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate effects of perioperative dexamethasone on hospital length of stay (LOS) and glycemic control for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods: We performed retrospective case review of THA performed in adults (≥ 18 years old) with type 2 diabetes at Springfield Memorial Hospital (Springfield, IL) immediately before (2013), during (2014), and after (2015) publication of consensus guidelines for use of perioperative dexamethasone. Hospital LOS was the primary endpoint. Capillary blood glucose by hospital day, proportion of patients treated with insulin, and median insulin dose by hospital day …

Microvascular Responsiveness To Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Michael O'Neil

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Cardiopulmonary bypass can result in multiple organ failure due to mechanisms of ischemia reperfusion injury and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The primary objective of this thesis was to investigate and monitor the microvasculature in cardiac surgery patients using multiple methodologies and real-time monitoring techniques. The purpose of our first study was to determine whether pulsatile blood flow during bypass improves microvascular perfusion compared to non-pulsatile flow. We found that changes in sublingual mucosal microcirculation using orthogonal polarization spectral imaging correlate with indices of thenar muscle tissue oxygen saturation and its recovery during a vascular occlusion test using near-infrared spectroscopy …

Autotransplantation Of Maxillary Third Molar With Its Attached Buccal Cortical Plate Combined With A Connective Tissue Graft, Ramón Gómez Meda, Francesc Abella Sans, Jonathan Esquivel, Juan Zufía

School of Dentistry Faculty Publications

Introduction: Tooth replacement often leads to insufficient vertical volume in the recipient socket bone. The aim of this novel report is to present a successful fully guided autotransplantation of a maxillary right third molar (tooth #1) with its attached buccal plate. The procedure was combined with a palatal connective tissue graft to reconstruct a buccal hard and soft tissue defect of an irreparable maxillary right first molar (tooth #3). Methods: A 45-year-old man complaining of pain in tooth #3 came to the clinic. Tooth #3 was non-restorable due to an extensive caries and a vertical root fracture of the mesiobuccal …

Clinical Utility Of Neutrophil To Lymphocyte Ratio In Sickle Cell Disease With Vaso-Occlusive Crisis, Satish Maharaj, Simone Chang

Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy

Background and objectives: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio represents a universally accessible value that correlates with inflammation and prognosis in several disease states; however, the role of this biomarker in sickle cell disease remains poorly explored. Hence, the objective of the present study was to determine its potential clinical utility in patients with sickle cell disease.

Patients: Herein, we retrospectively reviewed 143 patients with sickle cell disease who presented to the emergency department with fever and painful vaso-occlusive crisis.

Results: The examined cohort had a prevalence of 11% confirmed bacterial infection, with approximately two-thirds reporting the use of hydroxyurea. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio …

Analysis Of D- And L- Isomers Of (Meth)Amphetamine In Human K2edta Plasma, Brian Robbins, Jacob Perry, Mary Long, Rob E. Carpenter

Human Resource Development Faculty Publications and Presentations

Methamphetamine and its metabolite amphetamine are frequently abused drugs. Whether obtained legally or from clandestine laboratories it is of relevance to determine the chiral makeup of these drugs for investigative purpose. Although urine and oral fluid matrices are commonly offered, less available to independent laboratories are techniques to verify dextro (D-) or levo (L-) (meth)amphetamine from human K2EDTA plasma. This paper outlines the development and validation of a method that includes the addition of internal standard and a two-step liquid-liquid extraction to remove the analytes from human K2EDTA plasma by triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The assay was validated according …

Patient Frailty: A Review, Lakshmi Sailaja Kodavati

Dissertations and Theses

According to Geriator (2011), frailty is a common clinical syndrome in older adults that carries an increased risk for poor health outcomes such as falls, incident disability, hospitalization, and mortality. An operational definition of frailty is the existence of at least three out of five observable criteria indicating compromised energetics: low grip strength; low energy; slowed walking speed; low physical activity; and unintentional weight loss (Fried, et al. 2001).

According to Dubois and Charpillet (2017), most transitions into frailty are due to unintentional weight loss which, in turn, impacts gait performance and subsequent general mobility. In this literature review, the …

Efficient Training On Alzheimer’S Disease Diagnosis With Learnable Weighted Pooling For 3d Pet Brain Image Classification, Xin Xing, Muhammad Usman Rafique, Gongbo Liang, Hunter Blanton, Zu Zhang, Chris Wang, Nathan Jacobs, Ai-Ling Lin

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Three-dimensional convolutional neural networks (3D CNNs) have been widely applied to analyze Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain images for a better understanding of the disease progress or predicting the conversion from cognitively impaired (CU) or mild cognitive impairment status. It is well-known that training 3D-CNN is computationally expensive and with the potential of overfitting due to the small sample size available in the medical imaging field. Here we proposed a novel 3D-2D approach by converting a 3D brain image to a 2D fused image using a Learnable Weighted Pooling (LWP) method to improve efficient training and maintain comparable model performance. By …

Analysis Of Biologically Effective Dose For Retroactive Yttrium-90 Trans-Arterial Radioembolization Treatment Optimization, Mj Lindsey

CMC Senior Theses

Trans-arterial radioembolization (TARE) is a protracted modality of radiation therapy where radionuclides labeled with Yttrium-90 (⁹⁰Y) are inserted inside a patient's hepatic artery to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While TARE has been shown to be a clinically effective and safe treatment, there is little understanding of the radiobiological relationship between absorbed dose and tissue response, and thus there is no dosimetric standard for treatment planning. The Biologically Effective Dose (BED) formalism, derived from the Linear-Quadratic model of radiobiology, is used to weigh the absorbed dose by the time pattern of delivery. BED is a virtual dose that can …

Pre–Post Intervention Exploring Cognitive Function And Relationships With Weight Loss, Intervention Adherence And Dropout, Amanda N. Szabo-Reed, Laura E. Martin, Cary R. Savage, Richard A. Washburn, Joseph E. Donnelley

Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior: Papers & Publications

Objective: To evaluate the association between baseline cognitive function, intervention dropout, adherence and 3-month weight loss (WL) when controlling for confounding demographic variables.

Methods: 107 (Mage = 40.9 yrs.), BMI in the overweight and obese range (BMI = 35.6 kg/m2), men (N = 17) and women (N = 90) completed a 3-month WL intervention. Participants attended weekly behavioral sessions, comply with a reduced calorie diet, and complete 100 min of physical activity (PA)/wk. Cognitive function tasks at baseline included Flanker (attention), Stroop (executive control) and working memory, demographics, body weight and cardiovascular fitness were assessed at baseline. Session attendance, adherence …