Engineering Commons^™

Design Of An Automatic Defect Identification Method Based Ecpt For Pneumatic Pressure Equipment, Bo Zhang, Yuhua Cheng, Chun Yin, Xuegang Huang, Sara Dadras, Hadi Malek

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

In this paper, in order to achieve automatic defect identification for pneumatic pressure equipment, an improved feature extraction algorithm eddy current pulsed thermography (ECPT) is presented. The presented feature extraction algorithm contains four elements: data block selection; variable step search; relation value classification; and between-class distance decision function. The data block selection and variable step search are integrated to decrease the redundant computations in the automatic defect identification. The goal of the classification and between-class distance calculation is to select the typical features of thermographic sequence. The main image information can be extracted by the method precisely and efficiently. Experimental …

Cubesat Active Thermal Management In Support Of Cooled Electro-Optical Instrumentation For Advanced Atmospheric Observing Missions, Lucas Anderson, Charles Swenson, Ryan Davidson, Arthur J. Mastropietro, Elham Maghsoudi, S. Luong, Stefano Cappucci, I. Mckinley

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The need for advanced cooled electro-optical instrumentation in remote observations of the atmosphere is well known and demonstrated by SABER on the TIMED mission. The relatively new use of small satellites in remote earth observing missions as, well as the challenges, are epitomized by the upcoming NOAA EON-IR 12U CubeSat missions. These advanced CubeSat missions, which hope to accomplish scientific objectives on the same scale as larger more traditional satellites, require advanced miniaturized cryocoolers and active methods for thermal management and power control. The active CryoCubeSat project (ACCS) is a demonstration of such a technology. Utilizing Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing (UAM) …

Efficiency Improvement Of Up-Conversion Process Of Plasmonic-Enhanced Er-Doped-Nayf4 Nanoparticles Under Ir Excitation, Sara Elrafei, Ishac Kandas, Nader Shehata, Effat Samir

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The up-conversion process is extensively studied because of its wide variety of applications such as bioimaging, energy harvesting, and optical sensors. However, the optical conversion efficiency is still relatively low and needs to be improved. Therefore, this paper introduces a detailed study of improving the up-conversion emission efficiency through adding plasmonic metallic nanostructures to the up-conversion optical centers. Our idea is to couple the optical plasmonic resonance with the visible emission of the optical centers under IR excitation. The optical centers are erbium ions hosted by fluoride low-phonon environment. Our calculations consider most possible transitions that can occur between the …

A Neutral Wind Instrument For Nano-Satellite Platforms, L. J. Kordella, G. D. Earle, G. Roth, R. V. Robertson, Ryan L. Davidson, C. E. Holland, S. Noel, V. Garg

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Here we describe the first neutral wind sensor developed specifically for use on resource limited nano-satellite platforms. The instrument is a next generation redesign of the ram wind sensor flown on the Communications/Navigation Outage Forecasting System satellite for measurements of neutral velocity, temperature, and composition. Results of subsystem tests in vacuum conditions show low-power operation, promising design, and good resolution of measured parameters over the operational pressure and energy ranges expected in the low Earth orbit environment.

Chaotic Phase-Coded Waveforms With Space-Time Complementary Coding For Mimo Radar Applications, Sheng Hong, Fuhui Zhou, Yantao Dong, Zhixin Zhao, Yuhao Wang, Maosong Yan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

A framework for designing orthogonal chaotic phase-coded waveforms with space-time complementary coding (STCC) is proposed for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar applications. The phase-coded waveform set to be transmitted is generated with an arbitrary family size and an arbitrary code length by using chaotic sequences. Due to the properties of chaos, this chaotic waveform set has many advantages in performance, such as anti-interference and low probability of intercept. However, it cannot be directly exploited due to the high range sidelobes, mutual interferences, and Doppler intolerance. In order to widely implement it in practice, we optimize the chaotic phase-coded waveform set from …

Reliability And Uniformity Enhancement In 8t-Sram Based Pufs Operating At Ntc, Pramesh Pandey, Asmita Pal, Koushik Chakraborty, Sanghamitra Roy

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

SRAM-based PUFs (SPUFs) have emerged as promising security primitives for low-power devices. However, operating 8T-SPUFs at Near-Threshold Computing (NTC) realm is plagued by exacerbated process variation (PV) sensitivity which thwarts their reliable operation. In this paper, we demonstrate the massive degradation in the reliability and uniformity characteristics of 8T-SPUF. By exploiting the opportunities bestowed by schematic asymmetry of 8T-SPUF cells, we propose biasing and sizing based design strategies. Our techniques achieve an immense improvement of more than 55% in the percentage of unreliable cells and improves the proximity to ideal uniformity by 82%, over a baseline NTC 8T-SPUF with no …

Trident: A Comprehensive Timing Error Resilient Technique Against Choke Points At Ntc., Aatreyi Bal, Sanghamitra Roy, Koushik Chakraborty

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Near Threshold Computing (NTC) systems have been inherently plagued with heightened process variation (PV) sensitivity. Choke points are an intriguing manifestation of this PV sensitivity. In this paper, we explore the probability of minimum timing violations, caused by choke points, in an NTC system and, their non-Trivial impacts on the system reliability. We show that conventional timing error mitigation techniques are inefficient in tackling choke point induced minimum timing violations. Consequently, we propose a comprehensive error mitigation technique, Trident, to tackle choke points, at NTC. Trident offers a 1.37x performance improvement and a 1.1x energy efficiency gain over Razor at …

Dynamic Choke Sensing For Timing Error Resilience In Ntc Systems, Aatreyi Bal, Shamik Saha, Sanghamitra Roy, Koushik Chakraborty

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Process variation (PV) is a conspicuous predicament for submicrometer VLSI circuits. In this paper, we illustrate "choke points" as a vital consequence of PV in the near-threshold computing domain. Choke points are PV affected sensitized logic gates with increased delay deviation. They dominate the choice of critical paths postfabrication. To mitigate the timing errors induced thereby, we propose dynamic choke sensing (DCS). This technique senses the timing error causing opcode sequences, and uses the knowledge to prevent similar sequences from causing errors in the future. We propose two variants of our scheme. Our techniques provide ~55% improvement in performance and …

Fifa: Exploring A Focally Induced Fault Attack Strategy In Near-Threshold Computing, Prabal Basu, Chidhambaranathan Rajamanikkam, Aatreyi Bal, Pramesh Pandey, Trevor Carter, Koushik Chakraborty, Sanghamitra Roy

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

In this letter, we explore the emerging security threats of near-threshold computing (NTC). Researchers have shown that the delay sensitivity of a circuit to supply voltage variation tremendously increases, as the circuit's operating conditions shift from traditional super-threshold values to NTC values. As a result, NTC systems become extremely vulnerable to timing fault attacks, jeopardizing trustworthy computing. Inspired by the operation of a polymorphic virus, we propose a novel threat model for NTC, referred to as a focally induced fault attack (FIFA). FIFA employs a machine learning framework to ascertain the circuit vulnerabilities and generates targeted software modules to cause …

Security For 5g Mobile Wireless Networks, Dongfeng Fang, Yi Qian, Rose Qingyang Hu

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The advanced features of 5G mobile wireless network systems yield new security requirements and challenges. This paper presents a comprehensive survey on security of 5G wireless network systems compared to the traditional cellular networks. The paper starts with a review on 5G wireless networks particularities as well as on the new requirements and motivations of 5G wireless security. The potential attacks and security services with the consideration of new service requirements and new use cases in 5G wireless networks are then summarized. The recent development and the existing schemes for the 5G wireless security are presented based on the corresponding …

Robust An-Aided Beamforming Design For Secure Miso Cognitive Radio Based On A Practical Nonlinear Eh Model, Yangchao Huang, Zan Li, Fuhui Zhou, Rui Zhu

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Energy harvesting techniques are promising in next generation wireless communication systems. However, most of the existing works are based on an ideal linear energy harvesting model. In this paper, a multiple-input single-output cognitive radio network is studies under a practical non-linear energy harvesting model. In order to improve the security of both the primary network and the secondary network, a cooperative jamming scheme is proposed. A robust artificial noise aided beamforming design problem is formulated under the bounded channel state information error model. The formulated problem is non-convex and challenging to be solved. Using S-procedure and the semidefinite relaxation method, …

Iconoclast: Tackling Voltage Noise In The Noc Power Supply Through Flow-Control And Routing Algorithms, Prabal Basu, Rajesh Jayashankarashridevi, Koushik Chakraborty, Sanghamitra Roy

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Power supply noise (PSN) is a growing concern in modern multiprocessor system-on-chips (MPSoCs). The advent of new architectures, such as the network-on-chip (NoC), the standard for on-chip communication in MPSoCs, has given rise to new challenges in maintaining reliable and energy-efficient operation. The growing NoC power footprint, increase in the transistor current, and high switching speed of the logic devices exacerbate the peak PSN in the NoC power delivery network (PDN). Hence, preserving power supply integrity in the NoC PDN is critical. In this paper, we propose IcoNoClast, a collection of a novel flow-control protocol (PAF) and an adaptive routing …

Security Measures Against A Rogue Network-On-Chip, Rajesh Jayashankarashridevi, Dean Michael Ancajas, Koushik Chakraborty, Sanghamitra Roy

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Network-on-chip facilitates glueless interconnection of various on-chip components in the forthcoming system-on-chips. As in the case of any new technology, security is a major concern in network-on-chip (NoC) design too. In this work, we explore a covert threat model for multiprocessor system-on-chips (MPSoCs) stemming from the use of malicious third-party network-on-chips (NoCs). We illustrate that a rogue NoC (rNoC) can selectively disrupt the perceived availability of on-chip resources, thereby causing large performance bottlenecks for the applications running on the MPSoC platform. Further, to counter the threat posed by rNoC, we propose a runtime latency auditor that enables an MPSoC integrator …

Fast And Efficient Radio Resource Allocation In Dynamic Ultra-Dense Heterogeneous Networks, Chonggyu Niu, Yibing Li, Rose Qingyang Hu, Fang Ye

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Ultra-dense network (UDN) is considered as a promising technology in 5G wireless networks. In an UDN network, dynamic traffic patterns can lead to a high computational complexity and an excessive communications overhead with traditional resource allocation schemes. In this paper, a new resource allocation scheme presenting a low computational overhead and a low subband handoff rate in a dynamic ultra-dense heterogeneous network is presented. The scheme first defines a new interference estimation method that constructs network interference state map, based on which a radio resource allocation scheme is proposed. The resource allocation problem is a MAX-K cut problem and can …

Analysis And Design Of Highly Transparent Meshed Patch Antenna Backed By A Solid Ground Plane, Tursunjan Yasin, Reyhan Baktur, Timothy Turpin, Jesus Arellano

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

This paper analyzes rectangular and circular patch antennas fabricated from meshed conductors and backed with solid ground planes. Because of the meshing, the antennas are rendered optically transparent, where the transparency is determined by the mesh geometry. It is found that although there is a compromise between the antenna's efficiency and the optical transparency of the meshed patch, it is possible to optimize the antenna by refining mesh lines to certain extent. The limiting factors for refining mesh lines include material handling and fabrication process as well as the increased line impedance when being refined, which accordingly causes loss in …

Boostnoc: Power Efficient Network-On-Chip Architecture For Near Threshold Computing, Chidhambaranathan Rajamanikkam, Rajesh Jayashankarashridevi, Koushik Chakraborty, Sanghamitra Roy

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

While near threshold design space provides a promising approach towards energy-efficient computing, it is plagued by sub-optimal performance. Application characteristics and hardware non-idealities of conventional architectures (optimized for the nominal voltage) prevent us from fully leveraging the potential of NTC systems. Further, the popular approach of increasing the computational core count to compensate for the performance loss severely burdens the on-chip communication fabric with an increased communication demand. In this work, we quantitatively analyze the performance bottleneck createdby a conventional NoC architecture in many-core NTC systems. To reclaim the performance lost due to a sub-optimal NoC, we propose BoostNoC - …

Catching The Flu: Emerging Threats From A Third Party Power Management Unit., Rajesh Jayashankarashridevi, Chidhambaranathan Rajamanikkam, Koushik Chakraborty, Sanghamitra Roy

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Power management units (PMU) have come into the spotlight with energy efficiency becoming a first order constraint in MPSoC designs. To cater to the exponential rise in power events, and to meet the demands of tight power and energy budgets, PMUs are evolving to more complex and intelligent designs. In an era defined by energy efficient computing, a malicious circuit embedded in a third party PMU can adversely affect the operation of the entire MPSoC. This work presents and evaluates two covert security threats, P-VIRUS and DROWSY, designed using a malicious third party PMU. Further, we propose a non-invasive IP …

Swiftgpu: Fostering Energy Efficiency In A Near-Threshold Gpu Through A Tactical Performance Boost, Prabal Basu, Hu Chen, Shamik Saha, Koushik Chakraborty, Sanghamitra Roy

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

In this paper, we investigate the challenges of preserving energy-efficiency in a Near-Threshold Computing (NTC) GPU. Two key factors can significantly undermine the efficacy of GPUs at NTC: (a) elongated delays at NTC make the GPU applications severely sensitive toMulti-cycle Latency Datapaths (MLDs) within the GPU pipeline; and (b) process variation (PV) at NTC induces a substantial performance variance. To address these emerging challenges, we propose SwiftGPU - -an energyefficient GPU design paradigm at NTC. SwiftGPU dynamically adjusts the degree of parallelization, and the speed of the MLDs within each stream core of the GPU. The proposed scheme achieves an …

Characterization Of Geolocation Accuracy Of Suomi Npp Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder Measurements, Yang Han, Fuzhong Weng, Xiaolei Zou, Hu Yang, Deron Scott

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) onboard Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite has 22 channels at frequencies ranging from 23 to 183 GHz for probing the atmospheric temperature and moisture under all weather conditions. As part of the ATMS calibration and validation activities, the geolocation accuracy of ATMS data must be well characterized and documented. In this study, the coastline crossing method (CCM) and the land-sea fraction method (LFM) are utilized to characterize and quantify the ATMS geolocation accuracy. The CCM is based on the inflection points of the ATMS window channel measurements across the coastlines, whereas the LFM collocates …

Prada: Combating Voltage Noise In The Noc Power Supply Through Flow-Control And Routing Algorithms., Prabal Basu, Rajesh Jayashankarashridevi, Koushik Chakraborty, Sanghamitra Roy

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Network-on-Chip (NoC) has become the de-facto standard for on-chip communication in MPSoCs. The growing NoC power footprint, increase in the transistor current, and high switching speed of the logic devices, exacerbate the peak power supply noise (PSN) in the NoC power delivery network (PDN). Hence, preserving power supply integrity in the NoC PDN is critical. In this work, we propose PRADA (PSN-aware Runtime Adaptation)-a collection of a novel flow-control protocol (PAF) and an adaptive routing algorithm (PAR), to mitigate PSN in NoCs. Our best scheme achieves 14% and 12% improvements in the regional peak PSN and energy efficiency, with an …

Three-Dimensional Image Reconstruction Using Bundle Adjustment Applied To Multiple Texel Images, Bikalpa Khatiwada, Scott E. Budge

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The importance of creating 3D imagery is increasing and has many applications in the eld of disaster response, digital elevation models, object recognition, and cultural heritage. Several methods have been proposed to register texel images, which consist of fused lidar and digital imagery. The previous methods were limited to registering up to two texel images or multiple texel swaths having only one strip of lidar data per swath. One area of focus still remains to register multiple texel images to create a 3D model.

The process of creating true 3D images using multiple texel images is described. The texel camera …

Simulation Of A Doppler Lidar System For Autonomous Navigation And Hazard Avoidance During Planetary Landing, Scott E. Budge, David B. Chester

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The latest mission proposals for exploration of solar system bodies require accurate position and velocity data during the descent phase in order to ensure safe, soft landing at the pre-designated sites. During landing maneuvers, the accuracy of the on-board inertial measurement unit (IMU) may not be reliable due to drift over extended travel times to destinations. NASA has proposed an advanced Doppler lidar system with multiple beams that can be used to accurately determine attitude and position of the landing vehicle during descent, and to detect hazards that might exist in the landing area. In order to assess the effectiveness …

Dynamic Visualization Of Three- Dimensional Images From Multiple Texel Images Created From Fused Ladar/Digital Imagery, Cody C. Killpack, Scott Budge

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The ability to create three-dimensional (3-D) image models, using registered texel images (fused ladar and digital imagery), is an important topic in remote sensing. These models are automatically generated by matching multiple texel images into a single common reference frame. However, rendering a sequence of independently registered texel images often provides challenges. Although accurately registered, the model textures are often incorrectly overlapped and interwoven when using standard rendering techniques. Consequently, corrections must be done after all the primitives have been rendered by determining the best texture for any viewable fragment in the model. This paper describes a technique to visualize …

Libsbolj 2.0: A Java Library To Support Sbol 2.0, Zhen Zhang, Tramy Nguyen, Nicholas Roehner, Goksel Misirli, Matthew Pocock, Ernst Oberortner, Meher Samineni, Zach Zundel, Jacob Beal, Kevin Clancy, Anil Wipat, Chris J. Myers

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The Synthetic Biology Open Language (SBOL) is an emerging data standard for representing synthetic biology designs. The goal of SBOL is to improve the reproducibility of these designs and their electronic exchange between researchers and/or genetic design

Darp-Mp: Dynamically Adaptable Resilient Pipeline Design In Multicore Processors, Hu Chen, Sanghamitra Roy, Koushik Chakraborty

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

In this article, we demonstrate that the sensitized path delays in various microprocessor pipe stages exhibit intriguing temporal and spatial variations during the execution of real-world applications. To effectively exploit these delay variations, we propose dynamically adaptable resilient pipeline (DARP)-a series of runtime techniques to boost power-performance efficiency and fault tolerance in a pipelined microprocessor. DARP employs early error prediction to avoid amajor portion of the timing errors.We combine DARP with the state-of-art topologically homogeneous and power-performance heterogeneous (THPH) architecture to build up a new frontier for the energy efficiency of multicore processors (DARP-MP). Using a rigorous circuitarchitectural infrastructure, we …

Runtime Detection Of A Bandwidth Denial Attack From A Rogue Network-On-Chip, Rajesh Jayashankarashridevi, Dean Michael Ancajas, Koushik Chakraborty, Sanghamitra Roy

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

In this paper, we propose a covert threat model for MPSoCs designed using 3rd party Network-on-Chips (NoC). We illustrate that a malicious NoC can disrupt the availability of on-chip resources, thereby causing large performance bottlenecks for the software running on the MPSoC platform. We then propose a runtime latency auditor that enables an MPSoC integrator to monitor the trustworthiness of the deployed NoC throughout the chip lifetime. For the proposed technique, our comprehensive cross-layer analysis indicates modest overheads of 12.73% in area, 9.844% in power and 5.4% in terms of network latency.

Tackling Voltage Emergencies In Noc Through Timing Error Resilience., Rajesh Jayashankarashridevi, Dean Michael Ancajas, Koushik Chakraborty, Sanghamitra Roy

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Aggressive technology scaling exacerbates the problem of voltage emergencies in emerging MPSoC systems. Network-on-Chips, the de-facto standard for connecting on-chip components in forthcoming devices play a central role in providing robust and reliable communication. In this work, we propose DrNoC (droop resilient network-on-chip)-two microarchitectural techniques to mitigate voltage emergency-induced timing errors in NoCs and preserve error-free communication throughout the network. DrNoC employs frequency downscaling and a pipeline error-recovery mechanism to reclaim corrupted flits in the router. Compared to the recently proposed NSFTR fault-tolerant technique, DrNoC offers a 27% improvement in energy-delay efficiency.

Opportunistic Turbo Execution In Ntc: Exploiting The Paradigm Shift In Performance Bottlenecks., Hu Chen, Dieudonne Manzi, Sanghamitra Roy, Koushik Chakraborty

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

In this paper, we investigate an intriguing shifting trend in performance bottlenecks for Near-Threshold Computing (NTC) processors. Our study demonstrates that the traditional memory latency bottleneck is largely superseded by the bottlenecks of Long Latency Datapaths (LLDs) within a processor core. To exploit this paradigm shift, we propose Opportunistic Turbo Execution (OTE). OTE dynamically boosts the performance of LLDs, by several factors, improving both performance and energy efficiency in an NTC core. Using a comprehensive circuit-architectural analysis, we demonstrate a 42.2% improvement in energy efficiency over a recently proposed technique, across a range of benchmarks.

Automatic Registration Of Fused Lidar/Digital Imagery (Texel Images) For Three-Dimensional Image Creation, Scott E. Budge, Neeraj S. Badamikar, Xuan Xie

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Several photogrammetry-based methods have been proposed that the derive three-dimensional (3-D) information from digital images from different perspectives, and lidar-based methods have been proposed that merge lidar point clouds and texture the merged point clouds with digital imagery. Image registration alone has difficulty with smooth regions with low contrast, whereas point cloud merging alone has difficulty with outliers and a lack of proper convergence in the merging process. This paper presents a method to create 3-D images that uses the unique properties of texel images (pixel-fused lidar and digital imagery) to improve the quality and robustness of fused 3-D images. …

Wearout Resilience In Nocs Through An Aging Aware Adaptive Routing Algorithm, Dean Michael Ancajas, Kshitij Bhardwaj, Koushik Chakraborty, Sanghamitra Roy

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Continuous technology scaling has made aging mechanisms, such as negative bias temperature instability and electromigration primary concerns in network-on-chip (NoC) designs. In this paper, we extensively analyze the effects of these aging mechanisms on NoC routers and links. We observe a critical need of a robust aging-aware routing algorithm that not only reduces power-performance overheads caused due to aging degradation, but also minimizes the stress experienced by heavily utilized routers and links. To solve this problem, we propose an aging-aware adaptive routing algorithm and a router microarchitecture that routes the packets along the paths, which are both least congested and …