Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons^™

Prevalencia De Disfunciones Visomotoras Y Visoperceptuales En Niños Entre Cinco Y Nueve Años De Colegios De Las Localidades De Fontibón, Puente Aranda Y Usaquén, José Luis Henao Calderón, Marcela Camacho Montoya

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de disfunciones visomotoras y visoperceptuales en niños entre 5 y 9 años de las localidades de Fontibón, Puente Aranda y Usaquén. Metodología: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal. Se evaluaron 128 pacientes, que estudiaban en colegios representativos de cada localidad. A cada niño se le aplicó el test TVPS-3 y Beery VMI. El análisis estadístico se realizó por tablas de contingencia. Resultados: la prevalencia de disfunciones visomotoras fue de 20,5% (9/44) para el Colegio Pablo Neruda, de Fontibón; 31.6% (12/38) para el Colegio España, de Puente Aranda, y 8,7% (4/46) para el Colegio de La Salle, …

Imaging The Vasculature With Susceptibility Weighted Imaging: Applications And Analysis, Samuel Barnes

Wayne State University Dissertations

Modern magnetic resonance imaging sequences allow detailed non-invasive imaging of both the arteries and veins. This work is divided into four sections that examine different applications and analysis of these sequences.

Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) typically generates excellent negative venous contrast. Techniques to generate positive arterial contrast in SWI images without degrading the venous contrast with a single echo are examined. By using high isotropic resolution and high readout bandwidth flow losses can be minimized (generating good arterial contrast) even at the long echo times required for good venous contrast. A downsampling filter is then used to restore lost venous …

Raman Spectroscopic Modeling Of T- Lymphocyte Activation And Detection Of Acute Renal Allograft Rejection, Kristian L. Brown

Wayne State University Dissertations

ABSTRACT

RAMAN SPECTROSCOPIC MODELING OF T-LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION AND DETECTION OF ACUTE RENAL ALLOGRAFT REJECTION

By

KRISTIAN L. BROWN

2010

Advisor: Gregory Auner, PhD

Major: Biomedical Engineering

Degree: Doctor of Philosophy

Despite the advances made in the area of kidney transplantation, the disparity between the demand and available donated organs remains a dominant and unresolved issue. Given the paucity of available renal allografts the preservation of existing grafts is vital. One factor that has negatively impacted renal allograft survival is acute rejection (AR). Traditionally, kidney transplant centers have used elevations in serum creatinine as a screening tool for detecting AR. However, …

Identification Of Neuroblastoma And Its Prognostic Markers Using Raman Spectroscopy, Rachel Kast

Wayne State University Dissertations

Introduction: Neuroblastoma is the most common cancer of infancy. It is one of several peripheral nervous system tumors, including ganglioneuroma, peripheral nerve sheath tumor, and pheochromocytoma. It is commonly situated on the adrenal gland. It displays similar histology to other small round blue cell tumors, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma. One method of judging neuroblastoma aggressiveness uses tumor histology factors, including mitosis-karyorrhexis index, Schwannian stromal development, degree of differentiation, and patient age. Tumor aggressiveness can also be judged based on the amplification of certain genes, including MYCN. Raman spectroscopy is a physics-based method which identifies the biochemical …

Quantification Of Vascular Parametric Indices Using Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Areen Khaled Al.Bashir

Wayne State University Dissertations

Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) is a non-invasive method used to evaluate the biological activity in early clinical trials of novel drugs targeting the tumor vasculature using gadolinium-DTPA (Gd) as a contrast agent. However, it has some limitations, such as reproducibility, data acquisition times, the presence of noise, extracting contrast concentration, estimating T1 relaxation and estimating pharmacokinetic parameters.

In this work, a new approach to used fixed T1(0) which provides more reproducible DCE results has been introduced. Using this new algorithm to quantify the vascular changes in DCE-MRI, a pre-clinical renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tumor model was used to …

Application Of Magnetic Resonance Imaging To Understanding The Pathogenesis Of The X-Linked Leukodystrophy Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease, Jeremy Jerome Laukka

Wayne State University Dissertations

Myelin is a multilamellar membrane structure surrounding axons in both the CNS and PNS that facilitates nerve conduction. In the CNS, myelin is synthesized by oligodendrocytes, while in the PNS, myelin is synthesized by Schwann cells. In the CNS, Proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1), an integral membrane protein, is the major protein component of myelin, constituting ~50% of myelin protein. Mutations of the PLP1 gene in man cause a spectrum of neurological disease, ranging from the severe Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD), that typically begins during infancy with nystagmus, seizures and hypotonia and evolves into spastic quadriparesis, cognitive impairment and ataxia, to ¡¥pure¡¦ …

Characterizing The Controlled Release Of Glial Cell-Line Derived (Gdnf) Neurotrophic Factor From Encapsulated Schwann Cells, Kristy Broadrick

Wayne State University Theses

ABSTRACT

CHARACTERIZING THE CONTROLLED RELEASE OF GDNF IN SCHWANN CELLS

by

KRISTY BROADRICK

May 2010

Advisor: Dr. Pamela VandeVord

Major: Biomedical Engineering

Degree: Masters of Science

Controlled expression of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) can be integrated in the development of a system for repair of injured peripheral nerves. This delivery strategy was demonstrated via inducible GDNF from microencapsulated cells in barium alginate. The Schwann cell line RT4-D6P2T was initially modified utilizing an ecdysone-based stable transfection system to produce RT4-GDNF cells. During construct preparation, it was found that C6 cells (where GDNF cDNA was isolated) make three GDNF …

The Acute And Sub-Acute Effects Of Electrosurgical And Ultrasonic Surgical Devices On The Neurophysiologic Changes Of Sciatic Nerve Function, Anuja Gopalkrishna Vedpathak

Wayne State University Theses

THE ACUTE AND SUB-ACUTE EFFECTS OF ELECTROSURGICAL AND ULTRASONIC SURGICAL DEVICES ON THE NEUROPHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES OF SCIATIC NERVE FUNCTION

Since the dawn of medicine, blood loss during surgeries has been one of the major concerns for the surgeons. Iatrogenic blood loss can have several harmful effects on the patient condition. With the rapid development in technology, the blood loss can now be significantly minimized by using a variety of vessel sealing devices that use several energy sources to seal the blood vessels or tissue bundles instead of traditional sutures and clips. These devices can be used in several general, colorectal, …

New Generation Of The Dental Posts For Endodontic Application., Ahmed A. Madfa

Ahmed A. Madfa

Fabricated multilayer dental post with the functionally graded design is a novel product that exhibits graded properties varied from coronal to apical parts of the tooth. The new dental post definitely performs better than posts available in the market and improves the quality of human life

The Variational Iteration Method Which Should Be Followed, Ji-Huan He, Guo-Cheng Wu, F. Austin

Ji-Huan He

This paper proposes three standard variational iteration algorithms for solving differential equations, integro-differential equations, fractional differential equations, fractal differential equations, differential-difference equations and fractional/fractal differential-difference equations. The physical interpretations of the fractional calculus and the fractal derivative are given and an application to discrete lattice equations is discussed. The paper then examines the acceleration of some iteration formulae with particular emphasis being placed on the exponential Padé approximant that is suggested for solitary solutions and the sinusoidal Padé approximant that is usually used for periodic and compacton solutions. The paper points out that there may not be any physical meaning …

Model Omnibus Privacy Statute, Sam S. Han Ph.D.

Sam Han

One of today’s major concerns is how easily digital information can be copied and disseminated. Thus, when one’s private information becomes publicly available in digital format, that information can be readily duplicated and distributed across the globe within seconds. If the disseminated information includes credit card numbers or Social Security numbers, then there is a heightened exposure to identity theft and a host of other privacy-related crimes.

Given the existence of such a digital landmine, laws have been promulgated for various sectors (e.g., financial, healthcare, government, etc.) to protect personally-identifiable information. However, due to differing needs of the various sectors, …

Lai - Introduction To Continuum Mechanics نسخه اصلی کتاب مکانیک محیط پیوسته ویرایش چهارم, Dr Alireza Zolfaghari

Dr Alireza Zolfaghari

No abstract provided.

Reversible Addition - Fragmentation Chain Transfer In Microemulsions: Effect Of Chain Transfer Agent Aqueous Solubility, Jennifer M. O'Donnell, Eric W. Kaler

Jennifer M. Heinen

Microemulsion polymerizations are attractive for investigating compartmentalization effects in heterogeneous reversible addition - fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerizations because the propagating radicals are segregated into surfactant stabilized polymer particles, which drastically reduces the effects of biradical termination, Also, microemulsion polymerizations do not involve the large monomer droplets that are present in emulsion and miniemulsion polymerizations. RAFT microemulsion polymerizations of butyl aery late with a high water solubility chain transfer agent, methyl-2-(O-ethylxanthyl)propionate (MOEP), and a low water solubility chain transfer agent, methyl-2-(O-dodecylxanthyl)propionate (MODP), were investigated to determine the effect of chain transfer agent compartmentalization on the control of the polymerization. The …

Agnosia Visual, Jenny Maritza Sánchez

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

El sistema visual tiene como función la percepción visual, es decir, el análisis de la forma, el movimiento y el color de los objetos que se presentan en el campo visual. Los procesos que permiten este análisis radican, fundamentalmente, en la corteza visual y, en especial, en la corteza visual primaria. Pero, esta percepción puede ser alterada por patologías o traumas cerebrales que afectan áreas de percepción específicas, que se manifiestan como un daño en la percepción de diferentes estímulos, a lo que se designa agnosia visual. Todo profesional dedicado a la visión y a las ciencias de la visión …

Psicometría En Salud Visual Y Ocular. Evaluación De La Calidad De Vida (Encuesta Nei-Rql 42), Jairo Giovanni Rojas

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

La ciencia se ha caracterizado por presentar a la comunidad científica y al público, en general, avances tecnológicos, los cuales, gracias a la globalización, son cada vez más frecuentes, sin embargo, desconocemos la injerencia de estos progresos en la calidad de vida de las personas. No hay que desconocer que todos los elementos que entran al mercado cumplen con unas normas éticas y de calidad que la misma industria y la comunidad científica han estipulado, pero como nuestra línea de acción es la Salud Visual y Ocular, es nuestra responsabilidad evaluar de manera más directa que tanto influyen estos productos …

Design, Development And Biomechanical Analysis Of Scaffolds For Augmentation Of Rotator Cuff Repairs, Amit Aurora

ETD Archive

Rotator cuff tears are a source of debilitating pain that commonly affects more than 40 of our aging population. Despite advances in surgical treatment, the failure rate of rotator cuff repairs is as high as 20-90 . Extracellular matrix (ECM) derived scaffolds have recently been investigated as augmentation devices for rotator cuff repairs, but none has yet demonstrated both the appropriate biological and mechanical properties for mitigating re-tears and enhancing healing. This dissertation proposes to engineer the mechanical properties of allograft fascia lata in a manner that will allow its use as an augmentation device for rotator cuff repairs. This …

Surface Microtopography Modulation Of Biomaterials For Bone Tissue Engineering Applications, Eun Jung Kim

ETD Archive

The ultimate goal of this project is to develop a biodegradable and implantable scaffold with precise surface topographies that can provide osteoconductive stimuli to connective tissue progenitor cells (CTPs), and subsequently, enhance bone regeneration applications without the complications of autogenous cancellous bone grafts. This dissertation presents the modification of surface microtextures to provide osteoconductive stimuli to CTPs for bone regeneration applications. First, the effect of surface topography on cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation was validated through experiments using surface post microtextures and CTPs. Post microtextures accelerated CTP growth behaviors compared to smooth polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and standard cell culture dishes. Second, …

Evaluation Of Upper Motor Neuron Pathology In Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis By Mri;Towards Identifying Noninvasive Biomarkers Of The Disease, Venkateswaran Rajagopalan

ETD Archive

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the commonest adult motor neuron disease (MND) which causes progressive muscle paralysis and death usually within 5 years of symptom onset. As a result, only ╠â30,000 individuals in the United States are afflicted at any one time even though 5,000 or more individuals are diagnosed yearly. The diagnosis of ALS requires evidence of degeneration in upper motor neurons (UMNs) in the brain and in lower motor neurons (LMNs) that exit the brainstem and spinal cord to innervate skeletal muscles. Diagnosis can be incorrect or delayed when disease is early or atypical because non-invasive objective tests …

Finite Element Modeling Of Stress Urinary Incontinence Mechanics, Thomas A. Spirka

ETD Archive

Stress urinary incontinence is characterized by the involuntary transurethral loss of urine caused by an increase in abdominal pressure in the absence of a bladder contraction that raises the vesical pressure to a level that exceeds urethral pressure. Adult women are most commonly affected by SUI which is believed to be caused in part by injuries to the pelvic floor sustained during childbirth. In spite of the large number of women affected by SUI, little is known about the mechanics associated with the maintenance of continence in women. In theory the mechanics underlying the mechanics of female continence can be …

Cell-Taught Gene Therapy For The Preservation And Regeneration Of Cardiac Tissue Following Chronic Heart Failure, Srividya Sundararaman

ETD Archive

Heart failure is the primary cause of mortality and morbidity in the Western world. Although cell therapy has demonstrated improvement in cardiac function, these benefits are being attributed to the activation of paracrine factors, rather than the differentiation and integration of the transplanted cells into the host tissue. Based on this knowledge the focus of this thesis work was to deliver paracrine factors, and evaluate its effect on cardiac function. Gene therapy has evolved as a promising option to deliver pro-angiogenic proteins to infarct zones, thus providing cardiac benefit. This study has identified a gene design without the use of …