On Explaining Why The (Human) World Is Rich,
2024
Chapman University
On Explaining Why The (Human) World Is Rich, Bart J. Wilson
ESI Working Papers
The wealth of the modern world is a natural historical marvel. Explaining it has traditionally been the purview of economic historians, as exemplified by the recent book How the World Became Rich by Mark Koyama and Jared Rubin. Economic historians, though, tend to only ask process-oriented “how” questions and “by what means” questions of the Great Enrichment. The eight co-authors of Explaining Technology, who are not economic historians, engage the debate asking a different question. Their goal is to explain the exponential shape of our enrichment with a model of the combinatorial evolution of technology. With an eye toward how …
Essays In Health Economics And Applied Econometrics: Assessing Recreational Marijuana Laws,
2024
CUNY Graduate Center
Essays In Health Economics And Applied Econometrics: Assessing Recreational Marijuana Laws, Dragos Ailoae
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
This dissertation explores the diffusion and impacts of state recreational marijuana laws (RML). Chapter 1 examines factors driving state adoption and spread of RML, finding that states with citizen ballot initiatives, expansive legislative capacities, and higher fiscal stress are more likely to enact RML. Ideological proximity, rather than geography, drives policy diffusion, with learning from early adopters likely serving as a key mechanism in the process. Chapter 2 assesses first-order effects of RML on marijuana consumption and drug policing using various econometric methods. Results suggest amplification bias in difference-in-differences point estimates due to an endogenous policy variable. This has economic …
Essays In Machine Learning, Econometrics, And Computational Economics,
2024
CUNY Graduate Center
Essays In Machine Learning, Econometrics, And Computational Economics, Lulu Wang
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Chapter 1 Data-Driven Graph Neural Networks And Realized Volatility Prediction through Graph Discovery: Financial markets’ interconnectedness plays a crucial role in financial predictions. However, existing network structures often fall short in aligning with specific prediction tasks. This paper presents a novel model that integrates graph discovery techniques with Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to address this challenge, focusing on short-term intraday realized volatility prediction. Our investigation from a graph theory perspective reveals that precision-based graph discovery methods substantially enhance GNNs accuracy by generating meaningful graphs and node embeddings. In contrast, conventional covariance-based approaches exhibit limited effectiveness due to their consideration of …
Recruitment Of Cxcr4+Type 1 Innate Lymphoid Cells Distinguishes Sarcoidosis From Other Skin Granulomatous Diseases,
2024
Singapore Management University
Recruitment Of Cxcr4+Type 1 Innate Lymphoid Cells Distinguishes Sarcoidosis From Other Skin Granulomatous Diseases, S. Sati, J. Huang, A.E. Kersh, P. Jones, O. Ahart, C. Murphy, S.M. Prouty, M.L. Hedberg, V. Jain, S.G. Gregory, Leung, Denis H. Y., J.T. Seykora, M. Rosenbach, T.H. Leung
Research Collection School Of Economics
Sarcoidosis is a multiorgan granulomatous disease that lacks diagnostic biomarkers and targeted treatments. Using blood and skin from patients with sarcoid and non-sarcoid skin granulomas, we discovered that skin granulomas from different diseases exhibit unique immune cell recruitment and molecular signatures. Sarcoid skin granulomas were specifically enriched for type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) and B cells and exhibited molecular programs associated with formation of mature tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs), including increased CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling. Lung sarcoidosis granulomas also displayed similar immune cell recruitment. Thus, granuloma formation was not a generic molecular response. In addition to tissue-specific effects, patients with sarcoidosis …
Recruitment Of Cxcr4+ Type 1 Innate Lymphoid Cells Distinguishes Sarcoidosis From Other Skin Granulomatous Diseases,
2024
Singapore Management University
Recruitment Of Cxcr4+ Type 1 Innate Lymphoid Cells Distinguishes Sarcoidosis From Other Skin Granulomatous Diseases, Satish Sati, Jianhe Huang, Anna E. Kersh, Parker Jones, Olivia Ahart, Christina Murphy, Stephen M. Prouty, Matthew L. Hedberg, Vaibhav Jain, Simon G. Gregory, Leung, Denis H. Y., John T. Seykora, Misha Rosenbach, Thomas H. Leung
Research Collection School Of Economics
Sarcoidosis is a multiorgan granulomatous disease that lacks diagnostic biomarkers and targeted treatments. Using blood and skin from patients with sarcoid and non-sarcoid skin granulomas, we discovered that skin granulomas from different diseases exhibit unique immune cell recruitment and molecular signatures. Sarcoid skin granulomas were specifically enriched for type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) and B cells and exhibited molecular programs associated with formation of mature tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs), including increased CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling. Lung sarcoidosis granulomas also displayed similar immune cell recruitment. Thus, granuloma formation was not a generic molecular response. In addition to tissue-specific effects, patients with sarcoidosis …
Quantifying Delay Propagation In Airline Networks,
2024
Singapore Management University
Quantifying Delay Propagation In Airline Networks, Liyu Dou, Jakub Kastl, John Lazarev
Research Collection School Of Economics
We develop a framework for quantifying delay propagation in airline networks by integrating structural modeling and machine learning methods to estimate causal effects. Using a comprehensive dataset on actual delays and a model-selection algorithm (elastic net), we estimate a weighted directed graph of delay propagation for each major airline in the United States and establish conditions under which the propagation coefficients are causal. These estimates enable a decomposition of airline performance into "luck" and "ability." Our findings indicate that luck accounts for approximately 38% of the performance difference between Delta and American Airlines in our data. Additionally, we leverage these …
Utilizing Machine Learning To Forecast Sector-Level Equity Returns From Sector-Level Financial Ratios,
2024
University of Denver
Utilizing Machine Learning To Forecast Sector-Level Equity Returns From Sector-Level Financial Ratios, Greg Kuppenheimer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Academics and equity analysts often utilize fundamental financial ratios to evaluate an industry's financial and operational performance. However, sophisticated econometric methods could be improved for estimating these ratios' importance in predicting sector-level stock return performance. To address this gap, gradient-boosted decision tree methods were applied to the WRDS sector-level financial ratio database to identify if financial ratios effectively forecast sector-level stock returns in future periods. The findings show that these ratios are predictive and economically material, both stand alone and in combination with other macroeconomic factors. Using these predictions, long and long-short sector-level portfolios were created, and most of these …
Do Participation Rates Vary With Participation Payments In Laboratory Experiments?,
2024
South China Agricultural University
Do Participation Rates Vary With Participation Payments In Laboratory Experiments?, Huizhen Zhong, Cary Deck, Daniel J. Henderson
ESI Working Papers
This paper reports a series of experiments designed to evaluate how the advertised participation payment impacts participation rates in laboratory experiments. Our initial goal was to generate variation in the participation rate as a means to control for selection bias when evaluating treatment effects in common laboratory experiments. Initially, we varied the advertised participation payment to 1734 people from $5 to $15 using standard email recruitment procedures, but found no statistical evidence this impacted the participation rate. A second study increased the advertised payment up to $100. Here, we find marginally significant statistical evidence that the advertised participation payment affects …
The Influence Of Socio-Economic Constraints On Women's Economic Empowerment In Kenya: Evidence Of Wage Disparities?,
2024
University of San Diego
The Influence Of Socio-Economic Constraints On Women's Economic Empowerment In Kenya: Evidence Of Wage Disparities?, Wairimu Kimani
McNair Summer Research Program
This study presents an econometric analysis of socio-economic factors which influence wage inequalities in Kenya. This study tests the hypothesis that women experience cross sectoral gender wage disparities which are influenced by cultural and social expectations. Linear, logistic, factorial regressions models and the Mann-Whitney test were utilized to identify statistical determinants of the gender-wage gap through disproportionate educational outcomes, labor outcomes, and social outcomes. The outcomes reflect that education and other demographic factors play a pivotal role in the wage and employment outcomes for women in Kenya. The results suggest that cultural implications are the main influence to the socio-economic …
Evaluating Margin Protection (Mp) Crop Insurance As A Risk Management Tool For Rice Producers In Arkansas,
2024
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Evaluating Margin Protection (Mp) Crop Insurance As A Risk Management Tool For Rice Producers In Arkansas, Kaleem Azmat Chattha
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Agricultural producers bear many risks, including production risks stemming from uncertainty in weather and pest pressure and price risks arising from market volatility. Federal Crop Insurance has become one of the most popular tools to manage these risks. While yield and revenue crop insurance tend to be the most popular production and price risk management tools provided by the government, participation in Margin Protection insurance lags far behind despite providing production, crop price, and input price risk protection. This study aims to uncover whether Margin Protection crop insurance is an effective risk management tool by estimating the optimal coverage level …
When Hedge Funds Move In: Socioeconomic Consequences Of Single-Family Rentals,
2024
Clemson University
When Hedge Funds Move In: Socioeconomic Consequences Of Single-Family Rentals, Hannah Misurati
All Theses
In this thesis I explore the effect of increased investment in the single-family rental sector on inequality and housing affordability. I measure the effect of the single family rental (SFR) share on Gini indices and median rental prices across the largest U.S. cities. I construct three non lagged and three lagged models for each of the two dependent variables. In my analysis of the relationship between SFR shares and inequality, I do not find a significant relationship after accounting for potential reverse causality. However, the relationship between SFR shares and rent prices is shown to be negative and significant once …
Exploring The Motivations And Determinants Of Farmer’S Market Consumers And Organic Specialty Crop Producers,
2024
Clemson University
Exploring The Motivations And Determinants Of Farmer’S Market Consumers And Organic Specialty Crop Producers, Jane Arnold
All Theses
This two-chapter thesis evaluates the motivations and determinants of the central figures in farmers’ markets and organic markets. The first chapter explores the rise of farmers’ markets popularity through an in-person survey that was designed and distributed to 274 farmers' market consumers. Logit and ordered logit regressions were used to identify the motivations and characteristics that affect the likelihood of being a frequent farmers’ market customer (visiting 5 times or more per season) and spending over $50. The second chapter investigates the organic markets for cucumber and kale, which are dominant specialty crops on today’s grocery shelves. To identify the …
Estimating The Effect Of Nuclear Energy On A Country's Electricity Generation Mix: Fukushima As A Case Study,
2024
Clemson University
Estimating The Effect Of Nuclear Energy On A Country's Electricity Generation Mix: Fukushima As A Case Study, Sarah Elizabeth Zarrilli
All Theses
In this paper, I attempt to estimate the true effects of removing nuclear energy on a country’s energy portfolio, particularly how the country substitutes to other fuel sources for electricity generation and how it impacts the country’s marginal electricity prices. In 2011, anti-nuclear sentiment that arose in Japan following the meltdown of the Fukushima prefecture’s nuclear power plant resulted in the country decreasing its nuclear electricity generation from over 30% of its total supply to 0% in under two years. I use the dramatic variation across Japan’s electricity supply regions over the denuclearization period to attempt to estimate the true …
Measurement Reliability For Intentions To Change Behavior,
2024
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Measurement Reliability For Intentions To Change Behavior, Emily Schlichtig
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
It is common for researchers to ask participants to associate probabilities with words, often using tools like the Likert scale to measure behavioral intentions and attitudes. However, it remains unclear what specific probabilities participants assign to the response options on a Likert scale, how much variation exists across these options, and whether these probabilities differ across various behaviors. The purpose of this paper is to explore the numeric probabilities that participants associate with different Likert scale points, to understand their perception of the variation at each point, and to compare these perceptions across three behaviors: eating more vegetables, exercising more, …
How Are Global Trade Relationships Affected By Western Sanctions?,
2024
Utah State University
How Are Global Trade Relationships Affected By Western Sanctions?, Colin A. Martinez
All Graduate Reports and Creative Projects, Fall 2023 to Present
Do sanctions actually have an impact on their intended targets? This paper seeks to fill a gap in the existing literature on the effectiveness of sanctions by measuring potential impacts on the trade relationships of targeted states after the imposition of sanctions. To do so, it turns to a comprehensive dataset that combines all trade and sanctions data for each of 229 states, arranged in 23,132 dyads, from 2000 through 2019. It then examines 792 regressions using a hybrid fixed effects difference-in-difference model applied to twelve different types of sanctions, differentiated by the sanctioning state’s membership in certain groups of …
Gradient Wild Bootstrap For Instrumental Variable Quantile Regressions With Weak And Few Clusters,
2024
Singapore Management University
Gradient Wild Bootstrap For Instrumental Variable Quantile Regressions With Weak And Few Clusters, Wenjie Wang, Yichong Zhang
Research Collection School Of Economics
We study the gradient wild bootstrap-based inference for instrumental variable quantile regressions in the framework of a small number of large clusters in which the number of clusters is viewed as fixed, and the number of observations for each cluster diverges to infinity. For the Wald inference, we show that our wild bootstrap Wald test, with or without studentization using the cluster-robust covariance estimator (CRVE), controls size asymptotically up to a small error as long as the parameter of endogenous variable is strongly identified in at least one of the clusters. We further show that the wild bootstrap Wald test …
The Effect Of Crime On Tourism In Indonesia,
2024
Universitas Indonesia
The Effect Of Crime On Tourism In Indonesia, Muhammad Farhan, Hera Susanti
Journal of Strategic and Global Studies
Tourism sector is widely known as one of economic sectors that can be the engine of economic growth in an effort to reduce poverty in a country. However, growth in the tourism sector can be influenced by safety factors. Tourists tend to avoid tourism destination areas with high crime rates in order to avoid becoming victims of crime. This study aims to analyze the effect of crime on the number of tourist arrivals in Indonesia by using four proxies of crime, which are total crime rate, property crime rate, violent crime rate, and fraud crime rate. This study utilizes a …
Cross-Cultural Interactions And Equilibrium Selection In Stag Hunt Games,
2024
Chapman University
Cross-Cultural Interactions And Equilibrium Selection In Stag Hunt Games, Gabriele Camera, James Gilmore, Marilyn Giselle Hazlett, Jason Shachat, Bochen Zhu
ESI Working Papers
We study within-and cross-culture interaction in a Stag Hunt game, using a controlled online experiment with participants from a Chinese and a U.S. university. We investigate if cross-culture interactions support less coordination on the riskier but Pareto efficient Nash equilibrium. Our study mimics the experimental design of previous studies testing this hypothesis, but includes participants from two geographically-separated universities instead of subgroups within a single western university thus providing a stronger delineation between two cultures. Counter to previous studies, we find that cross-culture interactions can have a positive impact on efficiency. Participants from the U.S. university, particularly females, more frequently …
Impact Of Crises On Indian Financial Markets,
2024
Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi
Impact Of Crises On Indian Financial Markets, Pami Dua, Divya Tuteja
Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking
We investigate the effect of crises on Indian financial markets including the short-term and medium-term money, government securities segments, equity and currency markets. Specifically, we study the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Eurozone Sovereign Debt Crisis and the Global Financial Crisis on market returns, volatility and cross-correlations. We employ a (a) vector autoregressive model to analyse the effects of those shocks on returns and (b) multivariate ADCC-GARCH specification to examine the impact on conditional volatility and dynamic conditional correlation in the markets. We find significant effect of the Global Financial Crisis and the pandemic on the dynamics of the …
Do Digital Payments Spur Gst Revenue: Indian Experience,
2024
Department of Economics, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi
Do Digital Payments Spur Gst Revenue: Indian Experience, Surender Kumar
Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking
This paper measures the effect of digital payments on enhancing goods and services tax (GST) revenue in India using monthly time-series information on tax collections and digital payments. By employing an autoregressive distributed lag cointegration framework, we find that the GST elasticity concerning digital transactions is about 0.54. The implication is that a one-standard-deviation increase in the value of digital transactions spurs GST revenue of about INR 62 billion, and a one-standard-deviation increase in index of industrial production (IIP) enhances GST revenue by about INR 8 to 12 billion. These results suggest that enhancing digital transactions is an effective way …
