Statistics and Probability Commons^™

Raman Spectroscopy And Chemometrics For Forensic Bloodstain Analysis : Species Differentiation, Donor Age Estimation, And Dating Of Bloodstains, Kyle C. Doty

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The field of forensic science is constantly growing, so the advancement of old and unreliable techniques is at the forefront of what will lead to future progress and improvement. Current methods for identification and analysis of bloodstains are underwhelming due to the insignificant amount of information provided in a destructive, unreliable, and unsafe manner. As is the purpose of this research, creating new methodologies that are rapid, nondestructive, robust, statistically reliable, and safe would significantly advance the way bloodstains are currently analyzed, while providing more useful and relevant information for investigations and criminal proceedings. Raman spectroscopy, along with advanced statistical …

Computationally Efficient Multiple Imputation Routines In Clustered Data, Tugba Akkaya-Hocagil

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Presence of missing data in correlated data settings is a non-trivial problem. Inference by multiple imputation offers a viable solution to analysts. However, the missing data problem is typically more complicated due to diverse measurement scales, skip patterns, bounds and restrictions. Sequential regression imputation also known as variable-by-variable imputation has emerged as a popular imputation modeling technique, especially in the complex data structures. In this dissertation, we develop three methods to handle incomplete data in hierarchically nested and non-nested multilevel data structures using sequential regression imputation approach.

Socio-Demographic Determinants Of Racial Disparities In Stage At Diagnosis Of Prostate Cancer In New York State, Christophe Maxime Fokoua Dongmo

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

ABSTRACT

Kz Spatial Wave Separation With Applications To Atmospheric Data, Ming Luo

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Unlike one-dimensional wave reconstruction, reconstruction 2D spatial wave via Fourier Transform doesn’t look like a non-parametric algorithm. In other words, we need the wave frequency and wave direction information to recover the spatial wave via Fourier Transform, especially when the stress of noise is present. The direct consequence is that accurate estimations of wave parameters are need for reconstructing of spatial waves. To this end, we propose to improve the accuracy of motion image scale detection and parameter estimations with optimization based on Kolmogorov-Zurbenko periodogram (KZP) information. Related methods and algorithms are denoted under the name of Kolmogorov-Zurbenko wave separations. …

Barriers To Counseling Among Human Service Professionals: The Development And Validation Of The Fit, Stigma, & Value Scale, Edward S. Neukrug, Michael T. Kalkbrenner, Sandy-Ann M. Griffith

Counseling & Human Services Faculty Publications

This study sought to confirm rates of attendance in counseling of human service professionals and validate a 32-item questionnaire designed to identify barriers to counseling seeking behavior among this population. Results indicated that a large percentage of human service professionals attend counseling, with males and females attending at similar rates and non-Caucasians attending at lower rates. A multivariate analysis of variance and descriptive statistics identified the most common barriers to attendance in counseling and examined demographic differences in participants’ sensitivity towards barriers to attendance in counseling. A Principal Factor Analysis (PFA) revealed three subscales (fit, value, and stigma), which we …

An Effective Computational Method Incorporating Multiple Secondary Structure Predictions In Topology Determination For Cryo-Em Images, Abhishek Biswas, Desh Ranjan, Mohammad Zubair, Stephanie Zeil, Kamal Al Nasr, Jing He

Computer Science Faculty Publications

A key idea in de novo modeling of a medium-resolution density image obtained from cryo-electron microscopy is to compute the optimal mapping between the secondary structure traces observed in the density image and those predicted on the protein sequence. When secondary structures are not determined precisely, either from the image or from the amino acid sequence of the protein, the computational problem becomes more complex. We present an efficient method that addresses the secondary structure placement problem in presence of multiple secondary structure predictions and computes the optimal mapping. We tested the method using 12 simulated images from alpha-proteins and …

A Functional Data Analytic Approach For Region Level Differential Dna Methylation Detection, Mohamed Salem F. Milad

Doctoral Dissertations

"DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that can alter gene expression without a DNA sequence change. The role of DNA methylation in biological processes and human health is important to understand, with many studies identifying associations between specific methylation patterns and diseases such as cancer. In mammals, DNA methylation almost always occurs when a methyl group attaches to a cytosine followed by a guanine (i.e. CpG dinucleotides) on the DNA sequence. Many statistical methods have been developed to test for a difference in DNA methylation levels between groups (e.g. healthy vs disease) at individual cytosines. Site level testing is often …

Statistical Methods For Multivariate And Correlated Data, Xinling Xu

Theses and Dissertations

A commonly encountered data type in real life is count data, especially in selfreported behavioral studies. One issue of the self-reported count data is the inaccuracy. In the first part of the dissertation, we are going to address one specific type of inaccuracy in bivariate count data–heaping. Copula functions are used for the formulation of the bivariate distribution. Using copula functions for solving data inaccuracy problems is still a new area, which we are going to explore in this dissertation.

We also discuss the methods for variable selection when the explanatory variables are highly correlated. In particular, our method is …

Evaluation Of Goodness-Of-Fit Tests For The Cox Proportional Hazards Model With Time-Varying Covariates, Shanshan Hong

Theses and Dissertations

The proportional hazards (PH) model, proposed by Cox (1972), is one of the most popular survival models for analyzing time-to-event data. To use the PH model properly, one must examine whether the data satisfy the PH assumption. An alternative model should be suggested if the PH assumption is invalid. The main purpose of this thesis is to examine the performance of five existing methods for assessing the PH assumption. Through extensive simulations, the powers of five different existing methods are compared; these methods include the likelihood ratio test, the Schoenfeld residuals test, the scaled Schoenfeld residuals test, Lin et al. …

Family-Based Association Studies Of Autism In Boys Via Facial-Feature Clusters, Luke Andrew Settles

Masters Theses

"Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to a set of developmental disorders with varied attributes. Due to its substantial heterogeneity in terms of behavioral and clinical phenotypes, it is challenging to discern the genetic biomarkers behind ASD, even though the disease is known to be genetic in nature. This serves as a motivation to detect relationships between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and a causal autism disease susceptibility locus (DSL) within more homogeneous subgroups. Recently, clinically meaningful subclassifications of ASD have been discovered utilizing facial features of prepubescent boys. Therefore, through the employment of data from 44 prepubertal Caucasian boys with ASD …

Comparing Region Level Testing Methods For Differential Dna Methylation Analysis, Arnold Albert Harder

Masters Theses

”Finding possible connections and solutions to help fight progression of diseases is a major area of research. Genomics is a primary path of research in disease research. Through the DNA sequence, possible connections to diseases have been found. However, most methods for fixing issues within a DNA sequence are still out of reach. One potential path is to investigate epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation. DNA methylation occurs when a methyl group attached to cytosines on the DNA sequence. Statistical methods can be used to identify sites or regions of significant differences in methylation levels between groups ( e. g. …

Integrative Pathway Analysis Pipeline For Mirna And Mrna Data, Diana Mabel Diaz Herrera

Wayne State University Theses

The identification of pathways that are involved in a particular phenotype helps us understand the underlying biological processes. Traditional pathway analysis techniques aim to infer the impact on individual pathways using only mRNA levels. However, recent studies showed that gene expression alone is unable to capture the whole picture of biological phenomena. At the same time, MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are newly discovered gene regulators that have shown to play an important role in diagnosis, and prognosis for different types of diseases. Current pathway analysis techniques do not take miRNAs into consideration. In this project, we investigate the effect of integrating miRNA …

An Empirical Demonstration Of The Need For Exact Tests, Vance W. Berger

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

The robustness of parametric analyses is rarely questioned or qualified. Robustness, generally understood, means the exact and approximate p-values will lie on the same side of alpha for any reasonable data set; and 1) any data set would qualify as reasonable and 2) robustness holds universally, for all alpha levels and approximations. For this to be true, the approximation would need to be perfect all of the time. Any discrepancy between the approximation and the exact p-value, for any combination of alpha level and data set, would constitute a violation. Clearly, this is not true, and when confronted with this …

Teaching Size And Power Properties Of Hypothesis Tests Through Simulations, Suleyman Taspinar, Osman Dogan

Publications and Research

In this study, we review the graphical methods suggested in Davidson and MacKinnon (Davidson, Russell, and James G. MacKinnon. 1998. “Graphical Methods for Investigating the Size and Power of Hypothesis Tests.” The Manchester School 66 (1): 1–26.) that can be used to investigate size and power properties of hypothesis tests for undergraduate and graduate econometrics courses. These methods can be used to assess finite sample properties of various hypothesis tests through simulation studies. In addition, these methods can be effectively used in classrooms to reinforce students’ understanding of basic hypothesis testing concepts such as Type I error, Type II error, …

06. Sas Program Files For Design And Analysis Of Experiments, Angela Dean, Dan Voss, Danel Draguljic

Design and Analysis of Experiments

SAS program files for use with Design and Analysis of Experiments.

08. R Program Files For Design And Analysis Of Experiments, Angela Dean, Dan Voss, Danel Draguljic

Design and Analysis of Experiments

R program files for use with Design and Analysis of Experiments.

07. Sas Data Files For Design And Analysis Of Experiments, Angela Dean, Dan Voss, Danel Draguljic

Design and Analysis of Experiments

SAS Data files for use with Design and Analysis of Experiments.

Flexibility Of Projective-Planar Embeddings, John Maharry, Neil Robertson, Vaidy Sivaraman, Dan Slilaty

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

Given two embeddings σ1 and σ2 of a labeled nonplanar graph in the projective plane, we give a collection of maneuvers on projective-planar embeddings that can be used to take σ1 to σ2

The Nonparametric Estimation Of Elliptical Distributions, Panfeng Liang

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

In practice, many multivariate datasets have identical marginal distributions. Elliptical distributions can be used to model many of those datasets. In this Thesis, we will propose a Bayesian method using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods to estimate the density function underlying multivariate datasets assuming it is an elliptical distribution.

Advance Care Planning As A Shared Endeavor: Completion Of Acp Documents In A Multidisciplinary Cancer Program, Melissa A. Clark, Miles Q. Ott, Michelle L. Rogers, Mary C. Politi, Susan C. Miller, Laura Moynihan, Katina Robison, Ashley Stuckey, Don Dizon

Statistical and Data Sciences: Faculty Publications

Objective—We examined the roles of oncology providers in advance care planning (ACP) delivery in the context of a multidisciplinary cancer program.

Methods—Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 200 women with recurrent and/or metastatic breast or gynecologic cancer. Participants were asked to name providers they deemed important in their cancer care and whether they had discussed and/or completed ACP documentation. Evidence of ACP documentation was obtained from chart reviews.

Results—Fifty percent of participants self-reported completing an advance directive (AD) and 48.5% had named a healthcare power of attorney (HPA), 38.5% had completed both, and 39.0% had completed neither document. Among women who …