Statistics and Probability Commons^™

Safety And Immunogenicity Of An Inactivated Whole Cell Tuberculosis Vaccine Booster In Adults Primed With Bcg: A Randomized, Controlled Trial Of Dar-901, C. Fordham Von Reyn, Timothy Lahey, Robert D. Arbeit, Bernard Landry, Leway Kailani, Lisa Adams, Brenda Haynes, Todd Mackenzie, Wendy Wieland-Alter, Ruth Connor, Sue Tvaroha, David Hokey, Ann Ginsberg, Richard Waddell

Dartmouth Scholarship

Development of a tuberculosis vaccine to boost BCG is a major international health priority. SRL172, an inactivated whole cell booster derived from a non-tuberculous mycobacterium, is the only new vaccine against tuberculosis to have demonstrated efficacy in a Phase 3 trial. In the present study we sought to determine if a three-dose series of DAR-901 manufactured from the SRL172 master cell bank by a new, scalable method was safe and immunogenic.

Using Statistical Techniques To Estimate Rooted Species Trees From Unrooted Gene Trees, Ayed Rheal Alanzi

Mathematics & Statistics ETDs

Methods for inferring species trees from gene trees motivated by incomplete lineage

sorting typically use either rooted gene trees to infer a rooted species tree, or use

unrooted gene trees to infer an unrooted species tree, which is then typically rooted

using one or more outgroups. Theoretically, however, it has been known since 2011

that it is possible to infer the root of the species tree directly from unrooted gene

trees without assuming an outgroup. The present work is the first that we know of

which attempts to infer the root of a species tree using unrooted gene trees as …

Cox Processes For Visual Object Counting, Yongming Ma

Student Research Symposium

We present a model that utilizes Cox processes and CNN classifiers in order to count the number of instances of an object in an image. Poisson processes are well suited to events that occur randomly in space, like the location of objects in an image, as well as to the task of counting. Mixed Poisson processes also offer increased flexibility, however they do not easily scale with image size: they typically require O(n3) computation time and O(n2) storage, where n is the number of pixels. To mitigate this problem, we employ Kronecker algebra which takes advantage of the direct product …

Do You Know What Your Phone Is Doing To You? - Analysis On Usage Data Over An Entire Semester, Jawa El-Shanti

Student Scholar Symposium Abstracts and Posters

Like many teens today, I am a victim of cell phone addiction. Over the course of the spring 2017 semester I recorded my phone usage with the aim to quantify the degree of my addiction. I am using an iPhone application called Moment, which records the amount of time I spend on each application, the number of times I pick up my phone, and when I first and last used my phone during the day. I decided to keep track of the applications I want to minimize my time on which include Snapchat, Instagram, Netflix, YouTube and Messages. I am …

Gilmore Girls And Instagram: A Statistical Look At The Popularity Of The Television Show Through The Lens Of An Instagram Page, Brittany Simmons

Student Scholar Symposium Abstracts and Posters

After going on the Warner Brothers Tour in December of 2015, I created a Gilmore Girls Instagram account. This account, which started off as a way for me to create edits of the show and post my photos from the tour turned into something bigger than I ever could have imagined. In just over a year I have over 55,000 followers. I post content including revival news, merchandise, and edits of the show that have been featured in Entertainment Weekly, Bustle, E! News, People Magazine, Yahoo News, & GilmoreNews.

I created a dataset of qualitative and quantitative outcomes from my …

Responsible Translation Of Stem Cell Research: An Assessment Of Clinical Trial Registration And Publications, Moses Fung, Yan Yuan, Harold Atkins, Qian Shi, Tania M. Bubela

Office of the Provost

We assessed the extent to which the publication of clinical trial results of innovative cell-based interventions reflects International Society for Stem Cell Research best practice guidelines. We assessed: (1) characteristics and time to publication of completed trials; (2) quality of reported trials; and (3) results of published trials. We identified and analyzed publications from 1,052 novel stem cell clinical trials: 179 (45.4%) of 393 completed trials had published results; 48 trials were registered by known stem cell tourism clinics, none of which reported results. Completed non-industry-sponsored trials initially published more rapidly, but differences with industry-sponsored trials decreased over time. Most …

Cancer-Specific Mortality, Cure Fraction, And Noncancer Causes Of Death Among Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Patients In The Immunochemotherapy Era., Nadia Howlader, Angela B Mariotto, Caroline Besson, Gita Suneja, Kim Robien, Naji Younes, Eric A Engels

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND

Survival after the diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has been increasing since 2002 because of improved therapies; however, long-term outcomes for these patients in the modern treatment era are still unknown.

METHODS

Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data, this study first assessed factors associated with DLBCL-specific mortality during 2002-2012. An epidemiologic risk profile, based on clinical and demographic characteristics, was used to stratify DLBCL cases into low-, medium-, and high-risk groups. The proportions of DLBCL cases that might be considered cured in these 3 risk groups was estimated. Risks of death due to various noncancer causes …

Oscillation Criteria For Third-Order Nonlinear Functional Difference Equations With Damping, Martin Bohner, C. Dharuman, R. Srinivasan, Ethiraju Thandapani

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, we obtain some new criteria for the oscillation of certain third-order difference equations using comparison principles with a suitable couple of first-order difference equations. The presented results improve and extend the earlier ones. Examples are provided to illustrate the main results.

Using Multiple Imputation To Address Missing Values Of Hierarchical Data, Yujia Zhang, Sara Crawford, Sheree Boulet, Michael Monsour, Bruce Cohen, Patricia Mckane, Karen Freeman

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Missing data may be a concern for data analysis. If it has a hierarchical or nested structure, the SUDAAN package can be used for multiple imputation. This is illustrated with birth certificate data that was linked to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Assisted Reproductive Technology Surveillance System database. The Cox-Iannacchione weighted sequential hot deck method was used to conduct multiple imputation for missing/unknown values of covariates in a logistic model.

Selection Of Statistical Software For Data Scientists And Teachers, Ceyhun Ozgur, Min Dou, Yang Li, Grace Rogers

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

The need for analysts with expertise in big data software is becoming more apparent in today’s society. Unfortunately, the demand for these analysts far exceeds the number available. A potential way to combat this shortage is to identify the software sought by employers and to align this with the software taught by universities. This paper will examine multiple data analysis software – Excel add-ins, SPSS, SAS, Minitab, and R – and it will outline the cost, training, statistical methods/tests/uses, and specific uses within industry for each of these software. It will further explain implications for universities and students.

An Unbiased Estimator Of The Greatest Lower Bound, Nol Bendermacher

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

The greatest lower bound to the reliability of a test, based on a single administration, is the Greatest Lower Bound (GLB). However the estimate is seriously biased. An algorithm is described that corrects this bias.

Monte Carlo Study Of Some Classification-Based Ridge Parameter Estimators, Adewale Folaranmi Lukman, Kayode Ayinde, Adegoke S. Ajiboye

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Ridge estimator in linear regression model requires a ridge parameter, K, of which many have been proposed. In this study, estimators based on Dorugade (2014) and Adnan et al. (2014) were classified into different forms and various types using the idea of Lukman and Ayinde (2015). Some new ridge estimators were proposed. Results shows that the proposed estimators based on Adnan et al. (2014) perform generally better than the existing ones.

Multivariate Multilevel Modeling Of Age Related Diseases, Kapuruge N. O. Ranathunga, Roshini Sooriyarachchi

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

The emerging role of modeling multivariate multilevel data in the context of analyzing the risk factors are examined for the severity of cardiovascular disease diabetes, and chronic respiratory conditions. The modeling phase results leads to some important interaction terms between blood glucose, blood pressure, obesity, smoking and alcohol to the mortality rates.

Analysis Of Robust Parameter Designs, Tak K. Mak, Fassil Nebebe

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

The analysis of robust parameter design is discussed via a model incorporating mean-variance relationship which, when ignored as in the classical regression approach, can be problematic. The model is also capable of alleviating the difficulties of the regression approach in the search of the minimum variance occurring region.

Distribution Fits For Various Parameters In The Florida Public Hurricane Loss Model, Victoria Oxenyuk, Sneh Gulati, B. M. Golam Kibria, Shahid Hamid

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

The purpose of this study is to re-analyze the atmospheric science component of the Florida Public Hurricane Loss Model v. 5.0, in order to investigate if the distributional fits used for the model parameters could be improved upon. We consider alternate fits for annual hurricane occurrence, radius of maximum winds and the pressure profile parameter.

Stochastic Model For Cancer Cell Growth Through Single Forward Mutation, Jayabharathiraj Jayabalan

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

A stochastic model for cancer cell growth in any organ is presented, based on a single forward mutation. Cell growth is explained in a one-dimensional stochastic model, and statistical measures for the variable representing the number of malignant cells are derived. A numerical study is conducted to observe the behavior of the model.

Genetic Algorithms For Cross-Calibration Of Categorical Data, Suja M. Aboukhamseen, Rym A. M'Hallah

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

The probabilistic problem of cross-calibration of two categorical variables is addressed. A probabilistic forecast of the categorical variables is obtained based on a sample of observed data. This forecast is the output of a genetic algorithm based approach, which makes no assumption on the type of relationship between the two variables and applies a scoring rule to assess the fitness of the chromosomes. It converges to a good-quality point probability forecast of the joint distribution of the two variables. The proposed approach is applied both at stationary points in time and across time. Its performance is enhanced when additional sampled …

A Schmid-Leiman-Based Transformation Resulting In Perfect Inter-Correlations Of Three Types Of Factor Score Predictors, André Beauducel

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Factor score predictors are computed when individual factor scores are of interest. Conditions for a perfect inter-correlation of the best linear factor score predictor, the best linear conditionally unbiased predictor, and the determinant best linear correlation-preserving predictor are presented. A transformation resulting in perfect correlations of the three predictors is proposed.

Errors In A Program For Approximating Confidence Intervals, Andrew V. Frane

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

An SPSS script previously presented in this journal contained nontrivial flaws. The script should not be used as written. A call is renewed for validation of new software.

An Empirical Comparison Between Robust Estimation And Robust Optimization To Mean-Variance Portfolio, Epha Diana Supandi, Dedi Rosadi, Abdurakhman

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Mean-variance portfolios constructed using the sample mean and covariance matrix of asset returns perform poorly out-of-sample due to estimation error. Recently, there are two approaches designed to reduce the effect of estimation error: robust statistics and robust optimization. Two different robust portfolios were examined by assessing the out-of-sample performance and the stability of optimal portfolio compositions. The performance of the proposed robust portfolios was compared to classical portfolios via expected return, risk, and Sharpe Ratio. The aim is to shed light on the debate concerning the importance of the estimation error and weights stability in the portfolio allocation problem, and …