Statistics and Probability Commons^™

Measuring The Connective Action Of Black Lives Matter Activists: A Psychometric Investigation Into Twitter Data, Paige Alfonzo

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Many protest movements from the last twenty-first century have become increasingly networked and personalized. Several scholars have tapped into this change coining terms such as participatory action, digitally mediated action, computer-mediated communication, issue-based organization, and what I focus on in this project, connective action. Building on the ideas percolating across the literary landscape at the time, Bennett and Segerberg (2012) introduced the logic of connective action based on emergent characteristics they observed in post-2010 large-scale social movements. Both the logic of connective action and related work have become deeply ingrained in today's social movement scholarship. As such, I felt it …

Comprehensive Research Synthesis: An Approach To Mixed Methods Research Syntheses, Lilian Linialy Chimuma

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Mixed methods research synthesis (MMRS) is an emerging application of both mixed-methods research (MMR) and review research. MMRS promises to comprehensively address intricate contemporary research and evaluation questions given diverse evidence sources (across quantitative, qualitative, and MMR primary studies). The significance of concurrently addressing methodological issues for new research developments is widely noted in the literature. Current efforts attempt to streamline methodological practices along with application of the MMRS approach. Researchers have proposed conceptual frameworks to guide the application and practice of MMRS studies. Despite these efforts, complications and disagreements persist. In response to these concerns, this study developed a …

The Experiences Of Ncaa Student-Athletes With An Eating Disorder Or Disordered Eating, Rachel E. Taylor

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of student-athletes who had an eating disorder or disordered eating (ED/DE) while competing for the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Integrating criticism and connoisseurship and critical evocative portraiture, four post-collegiate women who participated in cross country and track, who were either clinically diagnosed with an ED/DE or who self-diagnosed, participated in two interviews to describe their experiences with and the impact of ED/DE on their athletic pursuits, academic pursuits, as well as their relationships with coaches, teammates, and family. The analysis of these interviews showed the complexity of this topic. …

Power Analysis On A Pilot Study Of The Caloric Intake Of Children Helping Prepare Meals Versus Children Not, Danielle Clifford

Student Research Poster Presentations 2020

The purpose of this analysis is to determine the sample size needed for a study that will be used to discover if there is a difference in the caloric intake of children who help with meal preparation and children who do not help with meal preparation.

The Effect Of The Amount Of Water And Water Exposure Time On The Absorbency Of Sponges, Danielle Clifford

Student Research Poster Presentations 2020

Given the current global pandemic, now more than ever it is important to understand what factors lead to the best absorbency in a sponge as to stop the spread of bacteria and germs. The purpose of the experiment will be to determine the effect of the amount of time (15 seconds, 30 seconds, 45 seconds, 60 seconds, 75 seconds, and 90 seconds) and the amount of water (24 ounces, 32 ounces, and 40 ounces) on the absorbency of a sponge.

Internship With Alison's Homemade Welsh Cookies, Heather Harvey

Student Research Poster Presentations 2020

During the Spring 2020 semester, I have been undergoing an internship with Alison's Homemade Welsh Cookies. They have allowed me full access to their data, in order to perform an analysis. Using the sames records from the 2019 year, each location has been identified on a map and the amounts sold tell which ares had the most and the least sales in 2019.

Predicting Diabetes Diagnoses, Sarah Netchert

Student Research Poster Presentations 2020

This study explored the traits and health state of African Americans in central Virginia in order to determine what traits put people at a higher probability of being diagnosed with diabetes. We also want to know which traits will generate the highest probability a person will be diagnosed with diabetes. Traits that were included and used in this study were cholesterol, stabilized glucose, high density lipoprotein levels, age(years), gender, height(inches), weight(pounds), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, waist size(inches), and hip size(inches). There were 403 individuals included in study since they were only ones screened for diabetes out of 1,046 …

Does Water Boil Faster With Salt?, Soumyadip Acharyya

Student Research Poster Presentations 2020

Whether water boils faster with salt is perhaps a never-ending question. My study has addressed this topic from a statistical perspective. Additionally, I have also investigated whether the water quantity affects the boiling time. I used the two-way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) to analyze and interpret the data.

Bread Dough Experiment, Collin Stivala

Student Research Poster Presentations 2020

This is my Final Poster for Design of Experiments. My poster explains the process and results of my experiment, in which I made bread dough, and tested the effects that Flour and Temperature have on bread dough.

Assessing Robustness Of The Rasch Mixture Model To Detect Differential Item Functioning - A Monte Carlo Simulation Study, Jinjin Huang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Measurement invariance is crucial for an effective and valid measure of a construct. Invariance holds when the latent trait varies consistently across subgroups; in other words, the mean differences among subgroups are only due to true latent ability differences. Differential item functioning (DIF) occurs when measurement invariance is violated. There are two kinds of traditional tools for DIF detection: non-parametric methods and parametric methods. Mantel Haenszel (MH), SIBTEST, and standardization are examples of non-parametric DIF detection methods. The majority of parametric DIF detection methods are item response theory (IRT) based. Both non-parametric methods and parametric methods compare differences among subgroups …

Shrinkage Priors For Isotonic Probability Vectors And Binary Data Modeling, Philip S. Boonstra, Daniel R. Owen, Jian Kang

The University of Michigan Department of Biostatistics Working Paper Series

This paper outlines a new class of shrinkage priors for Bayesian isotonic regression modeling a binary outcome against a predictor, where the probability of the outcome is assumed to be monotonically non-decreasing with the predictor. The predictor is categorized into a large number of groups, and the set of differences between outcome probabilities in consecutive categories is equipped with a multivariate prior having support over the set of simplexes. The Dirichlet distribution, which can be derived from a normalized cumulative sum of gamma-distributed random variables, is a natural choice of prior, but using mathematical and simulation-based arguments, we show that …

A Modular Framework For Early-Phase Seamless Oncology Trials, Philip S. Boonstra, Thomas M. Braun, Elizabeth C. Chase

The University of Michigan Department of Biostatistics Working Paper Series

Background: As our understanding of the etiology and mechanisms of cancer becomes more sophisticated and the number of therapeutic options increases, phase I oncology trials today have multiple primary objectives. Many such designs are now 'seamless', meaning that the trial estimates both the maximum tolerated dose and the efficacy at this dose level. Sponsors often proceed with further study only with this additional efficacy evidence. However, with this increasing complexity in trial design, it becomes challenging to articulate fundamental operating characteristics of these trials, such as (i) what is the probability that the design will identify an acceptable, i.e. safe …

Rejoinder On ‘A Selective Overview Of Sparse Sufficient Dimension Reduction’, Lu Li, Xuewong Meggie Wen, Zhou Yu

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

A Tutorial Of Bland Altman Analysis In A Bayesian Framework, Krissina M. Alari, Steven B. Kim, Jeffrey O. Wand

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

There are two schools of thought in statistical analysis, frequentist, and Bayesian. Though the two approaches produce similar estimations and predictions in large-sample studies, their interpretations are different. Bland Altman analysis is a statistical method that is widely used for comparing two methods of measurement. It was originally proposed under a frequentist framework, and it has not been used under a Bayesian framework despite the growing popularity of Bayesian analysis. It seems that the mathematical and computational complexity narrows access to Bayesian Bland Altman analysis. In this article, we provide a tutorial of Bayesian Bland Altman analysis. One approach we …

A Bivariate Life Distribution And Notions Of Negative Dependence, Prajamitra Bhuyan, Shyamal Ghosh, Priyanka Majumder, Murari Mitra

Journal Articles

Bivariate life distributions used to model negative dependence typically possess certain limitations; in particular, the correlation coefficient takes values in a restricted subrange of (Formula presented.). We construct a new bivariate life distribution to remedy this. Properties of the proposed distribution are studied. It is shown that the distribution satisfies most of the popular notions of negative dependence prevalent in the literature. Stress–strength reliability bounds are obtained, and parameter estimation methodology has been discussed. Performance of the estimators are compared through a simulation study.

Existence And Multiplicity Of Weak Solutions For A Neumann Elliptic Problem With -Laplacian, Martin Bohner, Giuseppe Caristi, Fariba Gharehgazlouei, Shapour Heidarkhani

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We are interested in the existence of multiple weak solutions for the Neumann elliptic problem involving the anisotropic -Laplacian operator, on a bounded domain with smooth boundary. We work on the anisotropic variable exponent Sobolev space, and by using a consequence of the local minimum theorem due to Bonanno, we establish existence of at least one weak solution under algebraic conditions on the nonlinear term. Also, we discuss existence of at least two weak solutions for the problem, under algebraic conditions including the classical Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz condition on the nonlinear term. Furthermore, by employing a three critical point theorem due to …

First Past The Poll: A Blog About Political Statistics, Bradley Wascher

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

This Capstone Experience project details my efforts to become a political data journalist. I took the first major step in August 2018, starting First Past the Poll, my politics blog. For three semesters, this website was frequently updated with nonpartisan reports on the latest elections, deep dives on long-term polling trends, and commentary on political numbers more broadly. Hoping to buck the trend of the stodgy prose prevalent throughout politics, my stories combined academic rigor with accessible writing.

As I began to find my footing in the field, First Past the Poll put me in the position to become …

How 6-12th Grade Staff Support Students With Depression: A Pilot Study To Develop Measures Of Implicit Associations, Explicit Attitudes And Helping Behavior, Paul M. Thompson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Students with emotional disabilities are disproportionately suspended and expelled in K-12 schools. Attribution theory suggests individuals are less likely to provide assistance to others if they believe the individuals are responsible for their own difficulties. To test attribution theory, this study created new measures of explicit attitudes and implicit associations of licensed 6-12th grade staff regarding students with depression as well as a helping behavior measure of staff toward students with depression. The survey was distributed within a single school district in the western United States. A majority of the sample (N = 52) held a mental health license (60%), …

After-Hours Incentives And Emergency Department Visits: Evidence From Ontario Forthcoming At Canadian Public Policy, Rose Anne Devlin, Koffi Ahoto Kpelitse, Lihua Li, Nirav Mehta, Sisira Sarma

Epidemiology and Biostatistics Publications

No abstract provided.

Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Aquatic Therapy On Mobility, Balance, And Level Of Functional Independence In Stroke Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis., Alice Mary Iliescu, Amanda Mcintyre, Joshua C. Wiener, Jerome Iruthayarajah, Andrea Lee, Sarah Caughlin, Robert Teasell

Epidemiology and Biostatistics Publications

OBJECTIVE: To meta-analyze and systematically review the effectiveness of aquatic therapy in improving mobility, balance, and functional independence after stroke.

DATA SOURCES: Articles published in Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus up to 20 August 2019.

STUDY SELECTION: Studies met the following inclusion criteria: (1) English, (2) adult stroke population, (3) randomized or non-randomized prospectively controlled trial (RCT or PCT, respectively) study design, (4) the experimental group received >1 session of aquatic therapy, and (5) included a clinical outcome measure of mobility, balance, or functional independence.

DATA EXTRACTION: Participant characteristics, treatment protocols, between-group outcomes, point measures, and measures of variability …