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Principal Components Analysis Corrects Collider Bias In Polygenic Risk Score Effect Size Estimation, Nathaniel S. Thomas, Peter B. Barr, Fazil Aliev, Sally I. Kuo, Danielle M. Dick, Jessica E. Salvatore

Graduate Research Posters

BACKGROUND: Genome-wide polygenic scoring has emerged as a way to predict psychiatric and behavioral outcomes and identify environments that promote the expression of genetic risks. An increasing number of studies demonstrate that the effects of polygenic risk scores (PRS) may be biased by the inclusion of heritable environments as covariates when the environment is influenced by unmeasured confounding variables, an example of collider bias. Inclusion of the principal components of observed confounders as covariates may correct for the effect of unmeasured confounders.

METHODS: A simulation study was conducted to test principal components analysis (PCA) as a correction for collider bias. …

The Need To Incorporate Communities In Compartmental Models, Michael J. Kane, Owais Gilani

Faculty Journal Articles

Tian et al. provide a framework for assessing population- level interventions of disease outbreaks through the construction of counterfactuals in a large-scale, natural experiment assessing the efficacy of mild, but early interventions compared to delayed interventions. The technique is applied to the recent SARS-CoV-2 outbreak with the population of Shenzhen, China acting as the mild-but-early treatment group and a combination of several US counties resembling Shenzhen but enacting a delayed intervention acting as the control. To help further the development of this framework and identify an avenue for further enhancement, we focus on the use and potential limitations of compartmental …

Use Of Research Tradition And Design In Program Evaluation: An Explanatory Mixed Methods Study Of Practitioners’ Methodological Choices, Margaret Schultz Patel

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The goal of this explanatory sequential mixed method study was to assess whether there were observable trends, associations, or group differences in evaluation methodology by settings and content area in published evaluations from the past ten years (quantitative), to illuminate how evaluation practitioners selected these methodologies (qualitative), and assess how emergent findings from each phase fit together or helped contextualize each other. In this study, methodology was operationalized as research tradition and method was operationalized as research design. For phase one (quantitative), a systematized ten-year review of five peer-reviewed evaluation journals was conducted and coded by journal, research tradition, research …

Imputation, Modelling And Optimal Sampling Design For Digital Camera Data In Recreational Fisheries Monitoring, Ebenezer Afrifa-Yamoah

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Digital camera monitoring has evolved as an active application-oriented scheme to help address questions in areas such as fisheries, ecology, computer vision, artificial intelligence, and criminology. In recreational fisheries research, digital camera monitoring has become a viable option for probability-based survey methods, and is also used for corroborative and validation purposes. In comparison to onsite surveys (e.g. boat ramp surveys), digital cameras provide a cost-effective method of monitoring boating activity and fishing effort, including night-time fishing activities. However, there are challenges in the use of digital camera monitoring that need to be resolved. Notably, missing data problems and the cost …

A New Generalized Modified Weibull Distribution, Morad Alizadeh, Muhammad Nauman Khan, Mahdi Rasekhi, Gholamhossein Hamedani

Mathematical and Statistical Science Faculty Research and Publications

We introduce a new distribution, so called A new generalized modified Weibull (NGMW) distribution. Various structural properties of the distribution are obtained in terms of Meijer’s G–function, such as moments, moment generating function, conditional moments, mean deviations, order statistics and maximum likelihood estimators. The distribution exhibits a wide range of shapes with varying skewness and assumes all possible forms of hazard rate function. The NGMW distribution along with other distributions are fitted to two sets of data, arising in hydrology and in reliability. It is shown that the proposed distribution has a superior performance among the compared distributions as …

Option Implied Volatility's Predictability On Monthly Stock Returns, Hung T. Dao

Senior Independent Study Theses

Since the trading of options is based on underlying stocks, it is reasonable to assume that information from the options market can be used to explain the returns in the stock market. Our independent study investigates the relationship between options implied volatility and stock returns. Previous studies have found significant results in using implied volatility in predicting stock returns. This paper provides a discussion of such studies, the theoretical framework for the research topic, and the Black-Scholes model, which is famous for its application in implied volatility calculation. Monthly returns of 20 large US firms are regressed against implied volatility …

Nutritional Approach For Increasing Public Health During Pandemic Of Covid-19: A Comprehensive Review Of Antiviral Nutrients And Nutraceuticals, Vahideh Ebrahimzadeh-Attari, Ghodratollah Panahi, James R. Hébert Scd, Alireza Ostadrahimi, Maryam Saghafi-Asl, Neda Lotfi-Yaghin, Behzad Baradaran

Faculty Publications

Background: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is considered as the most life-threatening pandemic disease during the last decade. The individual nutritional status, though usually ignored in the management of COVID-19, plays a critical role in the immune function and pathogenesis of infection. Accordingly, the present review article aimed to report the effects of nutrients and nutraceuticals on respiratory viral infections including COVID-19, with a focus on their mechanisms of action.

Methods: Studies were identified via systematic searches of the databases including PubMed/ MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar from 2000 until April 2020, using keywords. All relevant clinical and experimental studies …

Construction And Analysis Of Genetic Regulatory Networks With Rna-Seq Data From Arabidopsis Thaliana, Tessa Kriz

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Reconstruction of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) is a fundamental aspect of genetic engineering and provides a deeper understanding of the biological processes of an organism. Two methods were implemented to reconstruct the gene regulatory networks of Arabidopsis thaliana under two treatments: methyl jasmonate (MeJa) and salicylic acid (SA). The Joint Reconstruction of multiple Gene Regulatory Networks (JRmGRN) method was utilized to construct a joint network for identifying hub genes common to both conditions in addition to networks specific to each condition. The Differential Network Analysis with False Discover Rate Control method constructed a network of connections unique to only one …

Statistical Methods In Genetic Studies, Cheng Gao

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

This dissertation includes three Chapters. A brief description of each chapter is organized as follows.

In Chapter 1, we proposed a new method, called MF-TOWmuT, for genome-wide association studies with multiple genetic variants and multiple phenotypes using family samples. MF-TOWmuT uses kinship matrix to account for sample relatedness. It is worth mentioning that in simulations, we considered hidden polygenic effects and varied the proportion of variance contributed by it to generate phenotypes. Simulation studies show that MF-TOWmuT can preserve the type I error rates and is more powerful than several existing methods in different simulation scenarios, MFTOWmuT is also quite …

Em Estimation For Zero- And K-Inflated Poisson Regression Model, Monika Arora, N. Rao Chaganty

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

Count data with excessive zeros are ubiquitous in healthcare, medical, and scientific studies. There are numerous articles that show how to fit Poisson and other models which account for the excessive zeros. However, in many situations, besides zero, the frequency of another count k tends to be higher in the data. The zero- and k-inflated Poisson distribution model (ZkIP) is appropriate in such situations The ZkIP distribution essentially is a mixture distribution of Poisson and degenerate distributions at points zero and k. In this article, we study the fundamental properties of this mixture distribution. Using stochastic representation, we …

Novel Statistical Analysis In The Context Of A Comprehensive Needs Assessment For Secondary Stem Recruitment, Norou Diawara, Sarah Ferguson, Melva Grant, Kumer Das

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

There is a myriad of career opportunities stemming from science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines. In addition to careers in corporate settings, teaching is a viable career option for individuals pursuing degrees in STEM disciplines. With national shortages of secondary STEM teachers, efforts to recruit, train, and retain quality STEM teachers is greatly important. Prior to exploring ways to attract potential STEM teacher candidates to pursue teacher training programs, it is important to understand the perceived value that potential recruits place on STEM careers, disciplines, and the teaching profession. The purpose of this study was to explore students’ perceptions …

Physical Activity, Dietary Patterns, And Glycemic Management Of Active Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes: An Online Survey, Sheri Colberg, Jihan Kannane, Norou Diawara

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are able to balance their blood glucose levels while engaging in a wide variety of physical activities and sports. However, insulin use forces them to contend with many daily training and performance challenges involved with fine-tuning medication dosing, physical activity levels, and dietary patterns to optimize their participation and performance. The aim of this study was to ascertain which variables related to the diabetes management of physically active individuals with T1D have the greatest impact on overall blood glucose levels (reported as A1C) in a real-world setting. A total of 220 individuals with T1D …

Changepoint Detection In Correlated Categorical Time Series, Mo Li

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation develops two changepoint tests for serially correlated ordinal categorical time series.

A cumulative sum type test is devised to test for a single changepoint in a correlated categorical data sequence, which is constructed from a latent Gaussian process through clipping techniques. A sequential parameter estimation procedure is proposed to estimate the model parameters. The method is illustrated via simulations and applied to a real categorized rainfall time series from Albuquerque, New Mexico.

The second changepoint test is a likelihood ratio type test based on a marginalized transition model. This model permits likelihood inference and the serial dependence is …

Spatio-Temporal Modelling Of Tick Life-Stage Count Data With Spatially Varying Coefficients, Thabo Lephoto, Henry Mwambi, Oliver Bodhlyera, Holly Gaff

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

There is a vast amount of geo-referenced data in many fields of study including ecological studies. Geo-referencing is usually by point referencing; that is, latitudes and longitudes or by areal referencing, which includes districts, counties, states, provinces and other administrative units. The availability of large geo-referenced datasets for modelling has necessitated the development and application of spatial statistical methods. However, spatial varying coefficients models exploring the abundance of tick counts remain limited. In this study we used data that was collected and prepared by researchers in the Department of Biological Sciences from the Old Dominion University, Virginia, USA. We modelled …

A Deep Learning Model To Predict Traumatic Brain Injury Severity And Outcome From Mr Images, Dacosta Yeboah, Hung Nguyen, Daniel B. Hier, Gayla R. Olbricht, Tayo Obafemi-Ajayi

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

For Many Neurological Disorders, Including Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), Neuroimaging Information Plays a Crucial Role Determining Diagnosis and Prognosis. TBI is a Heterogeneous Disorder that Can Result in Lasting Physical, Emotional and Cognitive Impairments. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a Non-Invasive Technique that Uses Radio Waves to Reveal Fine Details of Brain Anatomy and Pathology. Although MRIs Are Interpreted by Radiologists, Advances Are Being Made in the Use of Deep Learning for MRI Interpretation. This Work Evaluates a Deep Learning Model based on a Residual Learning Convolutional Neural Network that Predicts TBI Severity from MR Images. the Model Achieved a …

Upper-Sided Ewma-Based Distribution-Specific Tolerance Limits, Owen Visser

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Tolerance limits are constructed from sample data to ascertain if a proportion of a process is within specification limits. There exists multiple methods of calculating the sample size requirements for tolerance limits under various assumptions. In this research, a distribution-specific algorithm that utilizes the exponentially weighted moving average technique (EWMA), first introduced by Sa and Razaila (2004), is reconstructed. The algorithm is used to calculate the required sample sizes for continuous construction of upper-sided tolerance limits. The sample sizes and intervals constructed from them are compared to three existing methods for various distributions. The distribution-specific algorithm was observed to reduce …

Depicting Bivariate Relationship With A Gaussian Ellipse, Mamunur Rashid, Jyotirmoy Sarkar

Mathematics Faculty Publications

For data on two continuous variables, how should one depict the summary statistics (means, SDs, correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination, regression lines) so that their values can be read off easily from the depiction and potential outliers can be flagged also? We propose the Gaussian covariance ellipse as an answer that will benefit all users of statistics.

การเปรียบเทียบวิธีในการพยากรณ์ราคาหุ้นด้วยแบบจำลองอารีม่า, โครงข่ายประสาทเทียม และตัวแบบผสม, กาญจน์ภิวรรณ จงศิริวิโรจ

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อเปรียบเทียบวิธีการพยากรณ์ราคาปิดหุ้นรายวันในอนาคต โดยใช้ตัวแบบอารีม่าซึ่งสร้างจากวิธีการค้นหาแบบกริด โครงข่ายประสาทเทียมและตัวแบบผสมในการพยากรณ์ราคาของหุ้น ภายใต้ตัวอย่างหุ้นที่ถูกเลือกมาตามระดับความผันผวนจากสูงไปต่ำ ในกลุ่มอุตสาหกรรมเทคโนโลยีและชิ้นส่วนอิเล็กทรอนิกส์ ได้แก่ HANA, DELTA และ SVI ตามลำดับ โดยเก็บข้อมูลราคาปิดรายวันของหุ้นตั้งแต่เดือนตุลาคม พ.ศ. 2559 ถึงเดือนตุลาคม พ.ศ. 2564 ( 5 ปีย้อนหลัง ) ซึ่งอาศัยการแบ่งชุดข้อมูลฝึกสอนด้วยวิธี ตรวจสอบไขว้ (rolling forward validation) ทั้งวิธีตรวจสอบไขว้แบบสะสม และวิธีตรวจสอบไขว้แบบ moving window ซึ่งผลการวิจัยพบว่า เมื่อใช้ค่าเฉลี่ยของร้อยละความผิดพลาดสัมบูรณ์เป็นเกณฑ์ในการคัดเลือกตัวแบบ ทั้งสองวิธีการแบ่งชุดข้อมูลย่อยนั้น โครงข่ายประสาทเทียมมีความแม่นยำมากที่สุดในการพยากรณ์ราคาปิดของหุ้น HANA, DELTA และ SVI รวมถึงตัวแบบผสมดังกล่าวไม่จำเป็นต้องมีประสิทธิภาพดีกว่าการใช้แต่ละตัวแบบเพียงลำพังเสมอไป ตัวแบบอารีม่าซึ่งสร้างจากวิธีการค้นหาแบบกริดสามารถพยากรณ์ได้ดีกว่าในหุ้นที่มีระดับความผันผวนกลางและระดับต่ำ ในขณะที่โครงข่ายประสาทเทียมสามารถพยากรณ์ได้ดีในทุกระดับความผันผวนราคาหุ้น

โครงข่ายประสาทเทียมสำหรับการวิเคราะห์การถดถอยเชิงเส้นตามบริบทนัยทั่วไป, ชยานนท์ ขัตติยาภิรักษ์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ปัญหาความสัมพันธ์เชิงเส้นตามบริบท คือปัญหาที่มีตัวแปรต้นที่แบ่งข้อมูลออกเป็นกลุ่มต่าง ๆ โดยในแต่ละกลุ่มจะมีความสัมพันธ์กับผลเฉลยในลักษณะเชิงเส้นที่แตกต่างกัน ทางผู้วิจัยได้สนใจที่จะนำวิธีโครงข่ายประสาทเทียม (Neural Networks) มาแก้ไขปัญหาประเภทดังกล่าว โดยพัฒนาโครงสร้างที่ชื่อว่า Generalized Contextual Regression (GCR) และเปรียบเทียบกับโครงสร้างที่เคยมีมาก่อน ได้แก่ Feedforward Neural Networks (FNN) ซึ่งเป็นโครงสร้างพื้่นฐาน และ Contextual Regression (CR) ซึ่งนำเสนอโดย Liu และ Wang (2017) งานวิจัยนี้จะศึกษาเฉพาะปัญหาการถดถอยเชิงเส้น ที่ตัวแปรต้นไม่เกิน 10 ตัว ซึ่งมีตัวแปรเชิงบริบทไม่เกิน 3 ตัวเท่านั้น โดยจากผลการวิจัยพบว่าวิธี GCR มีประสิทธิภาพสูงที่สุดในการแก้ไขปัญหาความสัมพันธ์เชิงเส้นตามบริบทเมื่อเปรียบเทียบกับวิธี FNN และ CR