Nuclear Commons^™

Point Cloud Diffusion Models For The Electron-Ion Collider, Jack Y. Araz, Vinicius Mikuni, Felix Ringer, Nobuo Sato, Fernando Torales Acosta, Richard Whitehill

Physics Faculty Publications

At high-energy collider experiments, generative models can be used for a wide range of tasks, including fast detector simulations, unfolding, searches of physics beyond the Standard Model, and inference tasks. In particular, it has been demonstrated that score-based diffusion models can generate high-fidelity and accurate samples of jets or collider events. This work expands on previous generative models in three distinct ways. First, our model is trained to generate entire collider events, including all particle species with complete kinematic information. We quantify how well the model learns event-wide constraints such as the conservation of momentum and discrete quantum numbers. We …

Coulomb Confinement In The Hamiltonian Limit, Sebastian M. Dawid, Wyatt A. Smith, Arkaitz Rodas, Robert J. Perry, César Fernández-Ramírez, Eric S. Swanson, Adam P. Szczepaniak

Physics Faculty Publications

The Gribov-Zwanziger scenario attributes the phenomenon of confinement to the instantaneous interaction term in the QCD Hamiltonian in the Coulomb gauge. For a static quark-antiquark pair, it leads to a potential energy that increases linearly with the distance between them. Lattice studies of the SU(2) Yang-Mills theory determined the corresponding (Coulomb) string tension for sources in the fundamental representation, 𝜎_𝐶, to be about 3 times larger than the Wilson loop string tension, 𝜎_𝐹. It is far above the Zwanziger variational bound, 𝜎_𝐶 ≥𝜎_𝐹. We argue that the value often reported in the literature …

First Measurement Of Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering On The Neutron With Detection Of The Active Neutron, A. Hobart, S. Niccolai, M. Čuic, K. Kumerički, P. Achenbach, J. S. Alvarado, W. R. Armstrong, H. Atac, H. Avakian, L. Baashen, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, M. Benkel, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, S. Boiarinov, M. Zurek, Et Al.

Physics Faculty Publications

Measuring deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) on the neutron is one of the necessary steps to understand the structure of the nucleon in terms of generalized parton distributions (GPDs). Neutron targets play a complementary role to transversely polarized proton targets in the determination of the GPD 𝐸. This poorly known and poorly constrained GPD is essential to obtain the contribution of the quarks’ angular momentum to the spin of the nucleon. DVCS on the neutron was measured for the first time selecting the exclusive final state by detecting the neutron, using the Jefferson Lab longitudinally polarized electron beam, with energies …

Lithium Tetraborate As A Neutron Scintillation Detector: A Review, Elena Echeverria, John W. Mcclory, Lauren Samson, Katherine Shene, Juan A. Colon Santana, Yaroslav V. Burak, Volodymyr T. Adamiv, Ihor M. Teslyuk, Lu Wang, Wai-Ning Mei, Kyle A. Nelson, Douglas S. Mcgregor, Peter A. Dowben, Carolina C. Ilie, James C. Petrosky, Archit Dhingra

Faculty Publications

The electronic structure and translucent nature of lithium tetraborate (Li₂B₄O₇) render it promising as a scintillator medium for neutron detection applications. The inherently large neutron capture cross-section due to ¹⁰B and ⁶Li isotopes and the ease with which Li₂B₄O₇ can be enriched with these isotopes, combined with the facile inclusion of rare earth dopants (occupying the Li⁺ sites), are expected to improve the luminescent properties, as well as the neutron detection efficiency, of Li₂B₄O₇. The electronic structure of both doped …

Beyond Standard Model: Electromagnetic Origin Of Strong Interaction Between Composite Structures Made Of Basic Elementary ±E/3 Charges, Polievkt Perov

College of Arts & Sciences Faculty Works

Interaction between spinning composite structures of quarks is considered. In simple variants of the quark structures, one basic elementary particle of charge of magnitude |e|/3 is on the axis of rotation and several basic particles of an opposite sign are revolving in the circular orbit about the axis. Each charge in the structure contributes to the electric field and electric potential around the structure. But only revolving basic particles contribute to the spin and to the magnetic moment of the structure. Equations for the axial electric field and the electric potential of each structure at points on its axis are …

Nuclear Power: Extremely Dangerous, Perfectly Safe, Or Somewhere In Between?, Jackson Still

Quest

Multiple Genre Argument

Research in progress for ENGL 1301: Composition I

Faculty Mentor: W. Scott Cheney, Ph.D.

Standard research papers and five-paragraph essays can train students to blend quotations and organize paragraphs, but advanced writing in the disciplines and the workplace requires much more robust and nuanced thinking. To this end, the Multiple Genre Argument (MGA) pushes students into new writing situations where they create fictional genres to supplement traditional research—a challenging and often confusing task. Learning new skills requires becoming more comfortable with encountering this kind of difficulty and uncertainty. In their book Writing Analytically, David Rosenwasser and Jill …

Radiative Alpha Capture On Carbon-12, Ling Gan

Theses and Dissertations

In this thesis, we used Effective Field Theory (EFT) to calculate the radiative ALPHA capture on 12C . This reaction is considered the “holy grail” in nuclear astrophysics because it determines the relevant abundance of 16O and 12C . We considered the E1 transition from initial p-wave at energy around the Gamow energy E_G =0.3MeV.The theoretical formula for the cross section is obtained by fitting the EFT parameters to the phase shift and S-factor data. We find the Effective Range Expansion (ERE) parameters describing the ALPHA-wave phase shift are fine tuned. The shallow bound state and the resonance ALPHA-wave …

Quantum Computers For Nuclear Physics, Muhammad F. Yusf

Theses and Dissertations

We explore the paradigm shift in quantum computing and quantum information science, emphasizing the synergy between hardware advancements and algorithm development. Only now have the recent advances in quantum computing hardware, despite a century of quantum mechanics, unveiled untapped potential, requiring innovative algorithms for full utilization. Project 1 addresses quantum applications in radiative reactions, overcoming challenges in many-fermion physics due to imaginary time evolution, stochastic methods like Monte Carlo simulations, and the associated sign problem. The methodology introduces the Electromagnetic Transition System and a general two-level system for computing radiative capture reactions. Project 2 utilizes Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) to …

Characterization Of Isomeric States In Neutron-Rich Nuclei Approaching N = 28, Timilehin Hezekiah Ogunbeku

Theses and Dissertations

The investigation of isomeric states in neutron-rich nuclei provides useful insights into the underlying nuclear configurations, and understanding their occurrence along an isotopic chain can inform about shell evolution. Recent studies on neutron-rich Si isotopes near the magic number N = 20 and approaching N = 28 have revealed the presence of low-lying states with intruder configurations, resulting from multiple-particle, multiple-hole excitations across closed shell gaps. The characterization of these states involves measuring their half-lives and transition probabilities.

In this study, a new low-energy (7/2⁻₁) isomer at 68 keV in ³⁷Si was accessed via beta decay …

Development Of Back-Scatter And Pile-Up Identification For Ucna+, Amelia Greathouse

Undergraduate Honors Theses

The UCNA Experiment at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) uses

an electron spectrometer to observe angular correlations between the neutron spin and the momenta of beta particles emitted during the process of beta (β) decay. Combined with neutron lifetime measurements, these observations probe physics beyond the standard model. In recent years there has been an effort to modernize the equipment to reduce the physical limitations of the experiment. The new prototype helps to reduce error via use of silicon photo-multipliers (SiPMs) and the SiPMs also have a greater quantum efficiency than the photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). However, there is …

Radiation Exposure Calibration Of The Al2o3:C With Radium-226 And Cesium-137 Using The Osl Method, Selma Tepeli Aydin

All Theses

Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimetry was utilized to calibrate Al₂O₃:C powder dosimeters, available commercially as the nanoDot® from Landauer Inc., and compare the dosimeter response to radium-226 (²²⁶Ra) and cesium-137 (¹³⁷Cs). The signal from the OSL was quantified using a microSTARii^® OSL reader also produced by Landauer Inc. Dose-response curves were developed for ²²⁶Ra and ¹³⁷Cs experiments (5 dosimeters each) at thirteen absorbed doses. Individual dosimeter response was tracked by serial number. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine if there were significant differences between the intercepts of the …

Actinide Behavior In Soft Ligand Environments And Higher Oxidation States Of Neptunium In Aqueous Media With Solid-State Synthesis Of Np(Vii) Compounds, Kelly Floyd Seeley

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The fundamental properties of Uranium and Neptunium were investigated with Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD) to study the behavior or 5f electrons with chalcogen, alkali metals, and alkaline earth metals. Two novel compounds were generated: NaCuUS₃ and NaCuNpS₃. There are several crystal structures that form in the family of AMM’Q (A = s-block, M = d-block, M’ = d-block or f-block, and Q = chalcogen), with oxidation states of A¹⁺, M¹⁺, M’⁴⁺, and Q^2- ions from the family of type I compounds. Work was continued to …

A Deeper Understanding Of The R Process, Mengke Li

All Dissertations

The overarching aim of my PhD research is to deepen our understanding of r-process nu- cleosynthesis. The initial phase of my work involved developing a Machine Learning-based nuclear mass model, specifically tailored to predict nuclear masses crucial for r-process nucleosynthesis. This model was then applied to simulate the r-process, focusing on neutron-rich nuclei significant to nucleosynthesis. The simulations yielded r-process abundance patterns, extending up to thorium and uranium, that align qualitatively with the observed solar system abundance patterns, with the characteristic peaks well positioned. Advancing our study further, we introduced a novel graph-based methodology named GrRproc for calculating r-process abundances. …

Nuclear Charge Radius Determination Of Iridium Using Euv Spectroscopy Of Highly Charged Ions, Adam Hosier

All Dissertations

Highly charged ions have emerged on the scene of atomic physics because of their compressed electron cloud enhancing various physical phenomena. While transitions in ions and highly charged ions provide valuable information to different communities, their application in nuclear charge radius measurements becomes increasingly prominent. In this work, we report the extreme ultra-violet spectroscopy of Na-like ions and x-ray spectroscopy of Cu-like, Co-like, and Ni-like ions that explore nuclear charge distributions and the identification of new transitions, respectively.

In the first part of this work, extreme ultra-violet spectroscopy of highly charged ions of Na-like osmium and iridium was performed using …

Lung Dosimetry Model Of Inhaled 222rn For Workers At Selected Building Material Factories In Erbil City, Iraq, Sardar Qader Othman, Ali Hassan Ahmed, Sarbaz Ibrahim Mohammed

Polytechnic Journal

Radon gas can cause lung harm, leading to extensive research on the biological effects of radon exposure in human lungs under various environmental conditions. The study estimates radon progeny doses for workers in Erbil city's building materials industries, focusing on alpha particle energy deposition, particle clearance, and lung deposition. Using a home condition of 1 Bq.m-3, radon progeny particle-absorbed doses in the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar-interstitial sections, and lungs were determined in the first scenario. The 1 Bq.m-3 is replaced with the radon level for each factory to prepare its atmosphere in the second scenario. For the first scenario, the …

Study Of Radon Concentrations In Some Of Public Ground Water Wells, Sana'a - Yemen, Ahmed Khalid Abdul-Rahim, Najwa Ahmed Al-Maqtari

Hadhramout University Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences

This study aims to assess radon-222 concentration levels in public ground water wells in Sana'a city, Yemen. Forty-three well water samples were collected from the study area. The alpha spectroscopy method was used to measure the samples using a RAD7 detector. The radon concentrations were in the range from 0.82 ± 0.38 Bq/L to 38.73 ± 2.98 Bq/L. A moderate correlation of radon levels with aquifer type was observed. Also, weak correlations of radon levels with electric conductivity, pH, and temperature, and no correlation with measured heavy metals were observed. Annual effective dose rates () were calculated and were found …

Towards Sustainable Nuclear Waste Management: A Study Of Philippine Geological Disposal Alternatives, King Harold A. Recto, Alyssa Inocencio, Kevin Lester Lobo

Electronics, Computer, and Communications Engineering Faculty Publications

The study delves into the complex area of nuclear waste disposal in the Philippine setting. It described the probable situations that were under consideration, exploring the fundamental motivating factors leading to these situations. These included the crucial aspects of categorizing radioactive waste, the range of management choices accessible, and the various disposal strategies developed for various waste tiers. Each alternative was considered in light of a variety of factors, including technological, environmental and practical. The also explored the landscape of implementation with emphasis on the inventory of radioactive waste and a roadmap outlining the course of action. In essence, the …

Strong Evidence For 9N And The Limits Of Existence Of Atomic Nuclei, R. J. Charity, J. Wylie, S. M. Wang, T. B. Webb, K. W. Brown, G. Cerizza, Z. Chajecki, J. M. Elson, J. Estee, D. E. M. Hoff, S. A. Kuvin, W. G. Lynch, Juan J. Manfredi, N. Michel, D. G. Mcneel, P. Morfouace, W. Nazarewicz, C. D. Pruitt, C. Santamaria, S. Sweany, J. Smith, L. G. Sobotka, M. B. Tsang, A. H. Wuosmaa

Faculty Publications

The boundaries of the chart of nuclides contain exotic isotopes that possess extreme proton-to-neutron asymmetries. Here we report on strong evidence of ⁹N, one of the most exotic proton-rich isotopes where more than one half of its constitute nucleons are unbound. With seven protons and two neutrons, this extremely proton-rich system would represent the first-known example of a ground-state five-proton emitter. The invariant-mass spectrum of its decay products can be fit with two peaks whose energies are consistent with the theoretical predictions of an open-quantum-system approach; however, we cannot rule out the possibility that only a single resonancelike peak …

Whittle, Charles Edward, Jr., 1931-2012 (Sc 3698), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Manuscripts Small Collection 3698. Well-illustrated biographical volume on the life, career and family of Charles E. Whittle, Jr., a Brownsville, Kentucky native who served as a physics professor at Western Kentucky University and at Centre College, and as a senior scientist at Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.

Perception Of Nuclear Security As A Barrier To Female Representation In Africa, Primerose Ruhukwa

International Journal of Nuclear Security

Women are strongly underrepresented in the nuclear energy sector, particularly in the field of Nuclear security. Regardless of several government efforts to increase the number of women in this field, which include gender balance polices, education, and awareness campaigns, the nuclear security industry remains a male-dominated field. The reason why nuclear security is shunned by most women in Africa is because of an incorrect perception of what nuclear security is. When a lay person hears the term nuclear, the first thing that comes to mind is nuclear weapons, and many are quick to judge, saying that Africa does not …