Nuclear Commons^™

The "Double Standard" Of Nonproliferation: Regime Type And The U.S. Response To Nuclear Weapons Program, Alina Shymanska

International Journal of Nuclear Security

There is no doubt that the NPT regime is far from being equal for all states involved. As the predominant hegemonic power since WWII, the United States plays a major role in deciding the fates of non-great power proliferators. This article tries to find the logical explanation of the phenomenon whereby some nuclear proliferators are absolved regardless of their active accumulation of nuclear arsenals while others are labeled as “rogue states” and ordered to disarm. The article suggests that a particular proliferator’s political regime could affect the way in which its state is approached by the U.S., known for its …

The Associations Between Self-Reported Exposure To The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster Zone And Mental Health Disorders In Ukraine, Matthew A. Bolt, Luralyn M. Helming, Nathan L. Tintle

Faculty Work Comprehensive List

In 1986, Reactor 4 of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant near Pripyat, Ukraine exploded, releasing highly-radioactive materials into the surrounding environment. Although the physical effects of the disaster have been well-documented, a limited amount of research has been conducted on association of the disaster with long-term, clinically-diagnosable mental health disorders. According to the diathesis–stress model, the stress of potential and unknown exposure to radioactive materials and the ensuing changes to ones life or environment due to the disaster might lead those with previous vulnerabilities to fall into a poor state of mental health. Previous studies of this disaster have found …

Beam-Energy Dependence Of Directed Flow Of Λ, Λ¯, K±, K0S, And Φ In Au + Au Collisions, L. Adamczyk, J. R. Adams, James K. Adkins, G. Agakishiev, M. M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, N. N. Ajitanand, I. Alekseev, D. M. Anderson, R. Aoyama, A. Aparin, D. Arkhipkin, E. C. Aschenauer, M. U. Ashraf, A. Attri, G. S. Averichev, X. Bai, V. Bairathi, K. Barish, A. Behera, R. Bellwied, A. Bhasin, A. K. Bhati, P. Bhattarai, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, L. C. Bland, I. G. Bordyuzhin, J. Bouchet, J. D. Brandenburg, Renee H. Fatemi, Suvarna Ramachandran

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

Rapidity-odd directed-flow measurements at midrapidity are presented for Λ, Λ¯, K^±, K⁰_s, and ϕ at √s_NN = 7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 62.4, and 200 GeV in Au + Au collisions recorded by the Solenoidal Tracker detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. These measurements greatly expand the scope of data available to constrain models with differing prescriptions for the equation of state of quantum chromodynamics. Results show good sensitivity for testing a picture where flow is assumed to be imposed before hadron formation and the observed particles are assumed to form …

Azimuthal Transverse Single-Spin Asymmetries Of Inclusive Jets And Charged Pions Within Jets From Polarized-Proton Collisions At √S = 500 Gev, L. Adamczyk, J. R. Adams, James K. Adkins, G. Agakishiev, M. M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, N. N. Ajitanand, I. Alekseev, D. M. Anderson, R. Aoyama, A. Aparin, D. Arkhipkin, E. C. Aschenauer, M. U. Ashraf, A. Attri, G. S. Averichev, X. Bai, V. Bairathi, K. Barish, A. Behera, R. Bellwied, A. Bhasin, A. K. Bhati, P. Bhattarai, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, L. C. Bland, I. G. Bordyuzhin, J. Bouchet, J. D. Brandenburg, Renee H. Fatemi, Suvarna Ramachandran

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We report the first measurements of transverse single-spin asymmetries for inclusive jet and jet + π^± production at midrapidity from transversely polarized proton-proton collisions at √s = 500  GeV. The data were collected in 2011 with the STAR detector sampled from 23  pb⁻¹ integrated luminosity with an average beam polarization of 53%. Asymmetries are reported for jets with transverse momenta 6 < p_T < 55  GeV/c and pseudorapidity |η| < 1. Presented are measurements of the inclusive-jet azimuthal transverse single-spin asymmetry, sensitive to twist-3 initial-state quark-gluon correlators; the Collins asymmetry, sensitive to quark transversity coupled to the polarized Collins fragmentation function; and the first measurement of the “Collins-like” asymmetry, sensitive to linearly polarized gluons. Within the present statistical precision, inclusive-jet and Collins-like asymmetries are small, with the latter allowing the first experimental constraints on gluon linear polarization in a polarized proton. At higher values of jet transverse momenta, we observe the first nonzero Collins asymmetries in polarized-proton collisions, with a statistical significance of greater than 5σ. The results span a range of x similar to results from semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering but at much higher Q². The Collins results enable tests of …

Light-Nuclei Spectra From Chiral Dynamics, M. Piarulli, A. Baroni, L. Girlanda, A. Kievsky, A. Lovato, Ewing Lusk, L. E. Marcucci, Steven C. Pieper, R. Schiavilla, M, Viviani, R. B. Wiringa

Physics Faculty Publications

In recent years local chiral interactions have been derived and implemented in quantum Monte Carlo methods in order to test to what extent the chiral effective field theory framework impacts our knowledge of few- and many-body systems. In this Letter, we present Green's function Monte Carlo calculations of light nuclei based on the family of local two-body interactions presented by our group in a previous paper in conjunction with chiral three-body interactions fitted to bound- and scattering-state observables in the three-nucleon sector. These interactions include Δ intermediate states in their two-pion-exchange components. We obtain predictions for the energy levels and …

Double K-S(0) Photoproduction Off The Proton At Clas, S. Chandavar, J. T. Goetz, K. Hicks, D. Keller, M. C. Kunkel, M. Paolone, D. P. Weygand, K. P. Adhikari, S. Adhikari, Z. Akbar, G. Charles, G. Gavalian, M. Khachatryan, A. Klein, Y. Prok, J. Zhang, Z. W. Zhao, The Clas Collaboration

Physics Faculty Publications

The f₀(1500) meson resonance is one of several contenders to have significant mixing with the lightest glueball. This resonance is well established from several previous experiments. Here we present the first photoproduction data for the f₀(1500) via decay into the K-S(0) K-S(0) channel using the CLAS detector. The reaction γp → f_Jp → K-S(0) K-S(0) p,where J = 0,2, was measured with photon energies from 2.7–5.1 GeV. A clear peak is seen at 1500 MeV in the background subtracted invariant mass spectra of the two kaons. This is enhanced if the measured four-momentum transfer …

Exclusive Production Of Phi Vector Meson During Hera-Ii, Brent Lawson

Honors Theses and Capstones

The Hadron Electron Ring Accelerator (HERA) in Germany, which ran from 1992 to 2007, is to date the only high energy electron and proton collider. The ZEUS detector at HERA measured the collisions of 27.5 GeV electrons with 920 GeV protons. Elastic vector meson production was measured during the first phase of HERA (HERA-I) from 1992 to 2000 before HERA was upgraded in 2003 (HERA-II) with increased luminosity. The goal of this project was to analyze data collected during the HERA-II run to identify and quantify the exclusive production of the  vector meson. Runs from the ZEUS experiment were …

Radiation Effects In Tantalum Oxide-Based Resistive Memory Devices, Joshua Stuart Holt

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

There is an increasing need for radiation-hardened electronics as space programs grow in number and scope. Scientific interest in long-term exploration, particularly in high-radiation environments such as Europa, as well as commercial interest in establishing permanent outposts, requires high tolerance of radiation effects. A flash memory device might survive for several years in low Earth orbit, but only a few days in orbit around Europa due to the extremely high levels of radiation encountered there. Meanwhile, commercial interests, including asteroid mining and building a base on the moon or Mars would require electronic systems that could survive for long periods …

Customized Multi-Group Cross Section Generation With Njoy For Discrete Ordinates Computed Tomography And Radiography Simulation, Steven Michael Wagstaff

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this work was to explore the creation of photoatomic multi-group cross section libraries to be used with a software package DOCTORS (Discrete Ordinates Computed TOmography and Radiography Simulator). This software solves the linear Boltzmann equation using the discrete ordinates method [1]. To create these libraries, NJOY2016 was used, creating both fine and broad energy multi-group cross section files. The cross section's accuracy was tested against an equivalent Monte Carlo simulation using MCNP6.

Two simulation geometries were used. The first, a cylindrical water phantom with a single source projection placed in front, simulating an X-ray radiography. The second …

Modulated Photothermal Radiometry: Detector Sensitivity Study And Experimental Setup, Jessica Nicole Seals

Masters Theses

"This thesis outlines the development of a system used for determining the surface thermal diffusivity of both non-irradiated and irradiated materials. The motivation for this work is to establish a modulated photothermal radiometry (PTR) system on the campus of Missouri University of Science and Technology. One of the main efforts described in this thesis is the design and construction of the physical apparatus. Along the way, it was necessary to perform a detailed sensitivity analysis of the system to determine whether the expected signal emitted from the sample falls within the bounds of detectivity for the HgCdTe (MCT) detector used …

300 Kv Dc High Voltage Photogun With Inverted Insulator Geometry And Csk₂Sb Photocathode, Y.W. Wang, P.A. Adderley, J. F. Benesch, D.B. Bullard, J.M. Grames, F. E. Hannon, J. Hansknecht, C. Hernandez-Garcia, R. Kazimi, Geoffrey A. Krafft, M. A. Mamun, G. G. Palacios Serrano, M. Poelker, R. Suleiman, M. G. Tiefenback, S.A.K. Wijethunga

Physics Faculty Publications

A compact DC high voltage photogun with inverted-insulator geometry was designed, built and operated reliably at 300 kV bias voltage using alkali-antimonide photocathodes. This presentation describes key electrostatic design features of the photogun with accompanying emittance measurements obtained across the entire photocathode surface that speak to field non-uniformity within the cathode/anode gap. A summary of initial photocathode lifetime measurements at beam currents up to 4.5 mA is also presented.

Electrons For Neutrinos Addressing Critical Neutrino-Nucleus Issues A Run Group Proposal Resubmission To Jefferson Lab Pac 46, A. Ashkenazy, R. Cruz Torres, S. Gilad, O. Hen, G. Laskaris, A. Papadopoulou, M. Patsyuk, A Schmidt, B. Schmookler, E. P. Segarra, F. Hauenstein, M. Hattawy, C. Hyde, M. Khachatryan, Sebastian Kuhn, L. B. Weinstein, E. O. Cohen, M. Duer, E. Piasetzky, D. Higinbotham, S. Stepanyan, H. Szumila-Vance, S. A. Wood, Christopher Marshall, K. Mahn, J. Morrison, L. Pickering, A. Beck, I. Korover, S. Mey-Tal Beck, A. El Alaoui, H. Hakobian, T. Mineeva, J. Miller, W. Brooks, M. Betancourt, T. Katori, I. Balossino, L. Barion, G. Ciullo, M. Contalbrigo, P. Lenisa, A. Movsisyan, L. L. Pappalardo, D. Watts, L. Zana, D. Ireland, D. Sokhan, N. Kalantarians, S. Li

Physics Faculty Publications

The extraction of neutrino mixing parameters from neutrino oscillation experiments relies on the reconstruction of the incident neutrino energy and knowledge of the neutrino-nucleus interaction cross section for various nuclei and incident neutrino energies. The energy reconstruction is done using the yield and kinematics of particles produced from neutrino interactions in nuclei. However, none of these energy reconstruction techniques have been tested experimentally using beams of known energy.

Because neutrinos and electrons are both leptons, they interact with nuclei in similar ways. We propose to measure electron scattering from a variety of targets at a range of beam energies in …

K± Production In Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering Using Transversely Polarized Targets And The Solid Spectrometer, John Arrington, Whitney Armstrong, Paul Reimer, Seamus Riordan, Junqi Xie, Zhihong Ye, Andrew Puckett, Haiyan Gao, Chao Gu, Xiaqing Li, Weizhi Xiong, Zhiwen Zhao, Fatiha Benmokhtar, Alexandre Camsonne, Jian-Ping Chen, Tianbo Liu, Miha Mihovilovič, Simon Širca, Mitra Shabestari, Mohammad Hattawy, Garth Huber, Abhay Despande, Klaus Dehmelt, Nils Feege, Thomas Hemmick, Krishna Kumar, Sanghwa Park, Jinlong Zhang, Chendi Shen, Fuyue Wang, Yi Wang

Physics Faculty Publications

We propose to perform the measurement of K^± production in the Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) using both the transversely polarized proton (NH₃) target and the transversely polarized ³He target (as effective polarized neutron target) on the SoLID spectrometer. This measurement will be carried out in parallel with the already approved SoLID spectrometer. This measurement will be carried out in parallel with the already approved SoLID experiments which will measure the π^± production in SIDIS, including E12-10-006 with transversely polarized ³He target and E12-11-108 with a transversely polarized NH₃ target. We will perform the off-line analysis to extract …

Parton Distribution Functions On The Lattice And In The Continuum, Joseph Karpie, Kostas Orginos, Anatoly Radyushkin, Savvas Zafeiropoulos

Physics Faculty Publications

Ioffe-time distributions, which are functions of the Ioffe-time ν, are the Fourier transforms of parton distribution functions with respect to the momentum fraction variable x. These distributions can be obtained from suitable equal time, quark bilinear hadronic matrix elements which can be calculated from first principles in lattice QCD, as it has been recently argued. In this talk I present the first numerical calculation of the Ioffe-time distributions of the nucleon in the quenched approximation.

Study Of J/Ψ Photoproduction Off Deuteron, M. D. Baker, A. J. Freese, L. Guo, C. Hyde, Y. Ilieva, B. Mckinnon, P. Nadel-Turonski, M. Sargsian, V. Kubarovsky, S. Stepanyan, N. Zachariou, Z. W. Zhao

Physics Faculty Publications

Exclusive, near-threshold quasi-real photoproduction of J/ψ off the deuteron provides attractive opportunities to study interesting physics. Besides studying the gluonic structure of bound nucleons and the deuteron (in coherent production), studying the final-state interactions allows a direct access to the elementary J/ψN cross section. There is one measurement of the near-threshold quasi-elastic J/ψ production off the deuteron, however data on final-state interactions or of the coherent cross section do not exist. With its high luminosity and large acceptance, the CLAS12 detector is well suited to measure near-threshold photoproduction of J/ψ off the deuteron.

This is a proposal to measure the …

Ψ(2s) Versus J/Ψ Suppression In Proton-Nucleus Collisions From Factorization Violating Soft Color, Yan-Qing Ma, Raju Venugopalan, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Hong-Fei Zhang

Physics Faculty Publications

We argue that the large suppression of the ψ(2S) inclusive cross section relative to the J/ψ inclusive cross section in proton-nucleus (p+A) collisions can be attributed to factorization breaking effects in the formation of quarkonium. These factorization breaking effects arise from soft color exchanges between charm-anticharm pairs undergoing hadronization and comoving partons that are long lived on time scales of quarkonium formation. We compute the short distance pair production of heavy quarks in the color glass condensate (CGC) effective field theory and employ an improved color evaporation model (ICEM) to describe their hadronization into quarkonium at large distances. The …

High Field Q Slope And The Effect Of Low-Temperature Baking At 3 Ghz, G. Ciovati, G. Eremeev, F. Hannon

Physics Faculty Publications

A strong degradation of the unloaded quality factor with field, called high field Q slope, is commonly observed above B_p ≅ 100 mT in elliptical superconducting niobium cavities at 1.3 and 1.5 GHz. In the present experiments several 3 GHz niobium cavities were measured up to and above B_p ≅ 100 mT. The measurements show that a high field Q slope phenomenon limits the field reach at this frequency, that the high field Q slope onset field depends weakly on the frequency, and that the high field Q slope can be removed by the typical empirical solution of …

Quantum Monte Carlo Calculations Of Weak Transitions In A=6-10 Nuclei, S. Pastore, A. Baroni, S. Gandolfi, R. Schiavilla, R. B. Wiringa

Physics Faculty Publications

Ab initio calculations of the Gamow-Teller (GT) matrix elements in the β decays of ⁶He and ¹⁰C and electron captures in 7Be are carried out using both variational and Green's function Monte Carlo wave functions obtained from the Argonne v18 two-nucleon and Illinois-7 three-nucleon interactions, and axial many-body currents derived from either meson-exchange phenomenology or chiral effective field theory. The agreement with experimental data is excellent for the electron captures in ⁷Be, while theory overestimates the ⁶He and ¹⁰C data by ~2% and ~10%, respectively. We show that for these systems correlations in the nuclear …

Resonances From Lattice Qcd, Raúl A. Briceño

Physics Faculty Publications

The spectrum of hadron is mainly composed as shortly-lived states (resonance) that decay onto two or more hadrons. These resonances play an important role in a variety of phenomenologically significant processes. In this talk, I give an overview on the present status of a rigorous program for studying of resonances and their properties using lattice QCD. I explain the formalism needed for extracting resonant amplitudes from the finite-volume spectra. From these one can extract the masses and widths of resonances. I present some recent examples that illustrate the power of these ideas. I then explain similar formalism that allows for …

Scattering Processes And Resonances From Lattice Qcd, Raúl A. Briceño, Jozef J. Dudek, Ross D. Young

Physics Faculty Publications

The vast majority of hadrons observed in nature are not stable under the strong interaction; rather they are resonances whose existence is deduced from enhancements in the energy dependence of scattering amplitudes. The study of hadron resonances offers a window into the workings of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) in the low-energy nonperturbative region, and in addition many probes of the limits of the electroweak sector of the standard model consider processes which feature hadron resonances. From a theoretical standpoint, this is a challenging field: the same dynamics that binds quarks and gluons into hadron resonances also controls their decay into lighter …