Nuclear Engineering At The Air Force Institute Of Technology: A Unique Graduate School Experience For A Unique Set Of Students,
2019
Air Force Institute of Technology
Nuclear Engineering At The Air Force Institute Of Technology: A Unique Graduate School Experience For A Unique Set Of Students, Michael B. Shattan
Faculty Publications
In August 2018, the Air University Commander formed a task force to review the Air Force’s Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) graduate education programs that are delivered and administered through the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT). The study was rooted in strategies to support the 2018 National Defense Strategy, and provided the necessary technologically equipped personnel for the 21st century. The study was commonly referred to as “reimagining AFIT”. Several themes emerged from the study, which include reaching a broader community of Airmen through alternate educational modes (e.g. distance learning, short course etc.), forming strategic educational and research …
Finding And Analyzing U235 And U238 Ternary Fission Events In The Niffte Fissiontpc,
2019
California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
Finding And Analyzing U235 And U238 Ternary Fission Events In The Niffte Fissiontpc, Gabriel A. Oman
Physics
In this analysis, the differences between ternary and binary fission were explored using data from the NIFFTE Collaboration’s fission time projection chamber (TPC). The ratio of binary-to-ternary events for U-235 and U-238 as a function of neutron kinetic energy in the range of 1-30 MeV is presented. The typical value of the ratio is approximately 105 binary fissions per ternary fission, in agreement with previously published measurements. Future work will involve distinguishing the fissions of the two isotopes to provide more insight into this rare process.
An In-Situ Study Of The Aqueous Speciation Of Uranium (Vi) Under Hydrothermal Conditions,
2019
Missouri State University
An In-Situ Study Of The Aqueous Speciation Of Uranium (Vi) Under Hydrothermal Conditions, Diwash Dhakal
Graduate Theses/Dissertations
Rigorous study of the speciation distribution of uranyl-chloride bearing solutions under hydrothermal conditions is important to understand the transport mechanism of uranium underground, which is of uttermost interest to parties studying the geological uranium deposits and those studying the possibilities of geological repositories for spent nuclear waste. I report an in-situ Raman spectroscopic study of the speciation distribution of aqueous uranyl-chloride complexes upto 500°C conducted using a HDAC as the high PT spectroscopic cell. The samples studied contained the species UO22+, UO2Cl+, UO2Cl20 and UO2Cl3- …
Nonperturbative-Transverse-Momentum Broadening In Dihadron Angular Correlations In √Snn = 200 Gev Proton-Nucleus Collisions,
2019
Abilene Christian University
Nonperturbative-Transverse-Momentum Broadening In Dihadron Angular Correlations In √Snn = 200 Gev Proton-Nucleus Collisions, Mike Daugherity, Donald Isenhower, Rusty Towell
Engineering and Physics
The PHENIX collaboration has measured high-pT dihadron correlations in p+p, p+Al, and p+Au collisions at √sNN=200 GeV. The correlations arise from inter- and intrajet correlations and thus have sensitivity to nonperturbative effects in both the initial and final states. The distributions of pout, the transverse-momentum component of the associated hadron perpendicular to the trigger hadron, are sensitive to initial- and final-state transverse momenta. These distributions are measured multidifferentially as a function of xE, the longitudinal momentum fraction of the associated hadron with respect to the trigger hadron. The near-side pout widths, sensitive to fragmentation transverse momentum, show no significant broadening …
Modeling High-Altitude Nuclear Detonations Using Existing Ionospheric Models,
2019
Air Force Institute of Technology
Modeling High-Altitude Nuclear Detonations Using Existing Ionospheric Models, Sophia G. Schwalbe
Theses and Dissertations
One threat to the United States is a nuclear weapon being detonated at high altitude over the country. The resulting electromagnetic pulse (EMP) could devastate the nation. Despite its destructive nature, the response of the ionosphere to such an event is poorly understood. This study assesses if existing ionospheric models, which are used to nowcast and forecast ionospheric changes, can be used to model the response to a high-altitude nuclear detonation (HAND). After comparing five ionosphere models, the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIE-GCM) was selected and modified to incorporate an array of F10.7 indices to serve as a proxy for …
Source Term Estimation Of Atmospheric Pollutants Using An Ensemble Of Hysplit Concentration Simulations,
2019
Air Force Institute of Technology
Source Term Estimation Of Atmospheric Pollutants Using An Ensemble Of Hysplit Concentration Simulations, Casey L. Zoellick
Theses and Dissertations
In support of Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) monitoring and nuclear event detection, this study works toward source term estimation (STE) of dispersive pollutants using a novel method|an ensemble of forward trajectory concentration simulations using a meteorology-coupled dispersion model. Traditionally a mathematically and physically rigorous problem, STE of a plume of atmospheric pollutants can be solved in a variety of ways depending on what is known regarding the emission, but little has been studied on the sensitivity between the horizontal resolution of the meteorology data in relation to the dispersion model and the results derived from known concentrations at multiple locations. …
Exploring Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (Libs) For Post-Detonation Nuclear Forensics Debris Analysis,
2019
United States Military Academy
Exploring Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (Libs) For Post-Detonation Nuclear Forensics Debris Analysis, Justin Knoll, Chad Schools, David Fobar
Purdue Workshop on Nonproliferation: Technology and Approaches
In the unlikely but catastrophic event of a nuclear terrorist attack our government leadership will need reliable information to rapidly inform critical decisions. This research explores the use of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) as a potential analysis tool in the National Technical Nuclear Forensics process. The current state of post detonation nuclear forensics requires ground and air samples be collected and shipped to state-of-the-art laboratories for radiochemical analysis. The samples undergo many measurements and useable data is produced as these measurements are completed. This data flows back into the process to guide additional measurements and inform the process of …
Measurement Of Double-Polarization Asymmetries In The Quasi-Elastic 3He→(E→, E'P) Process,
2019
University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
Measurement Of Double-Polarization Asymmetries In The Quasi-Elastic 3He→(E→, E'P) Process, M. Mihovilovic, G. Jin, E. Long, Y. -W. Zhang, K. Allada, B. Anderson, J. R. M. Annand, T. Averett, W. Bertozzi, W. Boeglin, P. Bradshaw, A. Camsonne, M. Canan, G. D. Cates, C. Chen, J. P. Chen, E. Chudakov, R. De Leo, X. Deng, A. Deltuva, A. Deur, Chiranjib Dutta, L. El Fassi, D. Flay, S. Frullani, F. Garibaldi, H. Gao, S. Gilad, R. Gilman, O. Glamazdin, Wolfgang Korsch
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications
We report on a precise measurement of double-polarization asymmetries in electron-induced breakup of 3He proceeding to pd and ppn final states, performed in quasi-elastic kinematics at Q2 = 0.25(GeV/c)2 for missing momenta up to 250MeV/c. These observables represent highly sensitive tools to investigate the electromagnetic and spin structure of 3He and the relative importance of two- and three-body effects involved in the breakup reaction dynamics. The measured asymmetries cannot be satisfactorily reproduced by state-of-the-art calculations of 3He unless their three-body segment is adjusted, indicating that the spin-dependent part of the nuclear …
Β-Decay Half-Lives Of Neutron-Rich Nuclides In The A = 100 – 110 Mass Region,
2019
Michigan State University
Β-Decay Half-Lives Of Neutron-Rich Nuclides In The A = 100 – 110 Mass Region, A. C. Dombos, A. Spyrou, F. Naqvi, S. J. Quinn, S. N. Liddick, A. Algora, T. Baumann, J. Brett, B. P. Crider, P. A. Deyoung, T. Ginter, J. Gombas, E. Kwan, S. Lyons, W.-J. Ong, A. Palmisano, J. Pereira, C. J. Prokop, D. P. Scriven, A. Simon, M. K. Smith, C. S. Sumithrarachchi
Faculty Publications
β-decay half-lives of neutron-rich nuclides in the A = 100–110 mass region have been measured using an implantation station installed inside of the Summing NaI(Tl) (SuN) detector at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory. Accurate half-lives for these nuclides are important for nuclear astrophysics, nuclear structure, and nuclear technology. The half-lives from the present work are compared with previous measurements, showing overall good agreement.
Signals For The Future: New Ways To Tackle Nuclear Risk,
2019
N Square
Signals For The Future: New Ways To Tackle Nuclear Risk, Erika Gregory, Editor, Tim Maly, Editor, Center For Complexity
N Square Innovators Network
N Square is a hands-on alliance between staff, funders, and advisors working together to bring new ideas, people, and perspectives to nuclear arms control. At the heart of N Square is the Innovators Network, a vibrant community of cross-sector leaders prototyping and piloting breakthrough approaches including open intelligence platforms, movement-building tools, and innovative uses of technologies such as blockchain, AI, and machine learning to verify arms control agreements. Innovators Network fellows are visionary leaders who recognize the opportunities embedded within tough challenges. They're scientists, game designers, Hollywood screenwriters, global security gurus. They're inventors, branding specialists, diplomats, Gen-Y satellite imagery analysts, …
Jet Geometry Engineering Via Di-Jet Imbalance Measurements At Rhic In Star,
2019
Wayne State University
Jet Geometry Engineering Via Di-Jet Imbalance Measurements At Rhic In Star, Nicholas Elsey
Wayne State University Dissertations
Ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions produced at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) produce a new state of matter of deconfined quarks and gluons (partons) called the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). This plasma of deconfined but strongly coupled partons is believed to have been the primary state of matter in the universe up to a few milliseconds after the Big Bang. High energy partons produced in hard scatterings early in the collision can be used to probe the entire lifetime of the QGP. These partons propagate through and interact with the QGP before fragmenting into collimated …
Gamma Radiation And Neutron Shielding Properties Of Transparent Alkali Borosilicate Glass Containing Lead,
2019
Ain Shams University
Gamma Radiation And Neutron Shielding Properties Of Transparent Alkali Borosilicate Glass Containing Lead, Elsayed Salama, Abeer Maher, Gamal Youssef
Basic Science Engineering
In this study, lithium sodium borosilicate glasses with chemical compositions of xPbO-40B2O325Na2O5Li2O-(30 - x)SiO2 (where x = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 mol%) were prepared by using the conventional melt-quenching technique. The amorphous nature and the effects of Pb+2 ions in the glass structure were explored by using X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses, respectively. The gamma radiation and neutron shielding properties of the glass system were investigated by determining the mass attenuation coefficients, half value layer, gamma-ray exposure build-up factor (EBF), and fast neutron removal cross …
Development Of A Switchable Radioisotope Generator,
2019
Missouri University of Science and Technology
Development Of A Switchable Radioisotope Generator, Kyle Mitchell Paaren
Doctoral Dissertations
The Switchable Radioisotope Generator utilizes alpha-induced reactions to produce a combination of photons, neutrons, and protons with varying fluxes dependent on target materials and source geometry. The activity/strength of the secondary radiation is further controlled by manipulating the number of alpha particles that can interact with the target material(s). Analytical equations were solved to confirm secondary radiation production from target materials using average cross sections from TENDL data. TENDL and JENDL data was confirmed by analytically solving for the total alpha-induced cross sections. This information was used to produce the provisional and utility Patent No: US20190013109A1. TENDL data was then …
First Results On Nucleon Resonance Photocouplings From The Γp → Π+Π−P Reaction,
2019
Old Dominion University
First Results On Nucleon Resonance Photocouplings From The Γp → Π+Π−P Reaction, E. Golovatch, V. D. Burkert, D. S. Carman, R. W. Gothe, K. Hicks, M. J. Amaryan, M. Khachatryan, A. Klein, Y. Prok, Clas Collaboration
Physics Faculty Publications
We report the first experimental measurements of the nine 1-fold differential cross sections for the γ p → π+π−p reaction, obtained with the CLAS detector at Jefferson Laboratory. The measurements cover the invariant mass range of the final state hadrons from 1.6 GeV < W < 2.0 GeV. For the first time the photocouplings of all prominent nucleon resonances in this mass range have been extracted from this exclusive channel. Photoproduction of two charged pions is of particular importance for the evaluation of the photocouplings for the Δ (1620)1/2−, Δ (1700)3/2−, N(1720)3/2+, and Δ (1905)5/2+ resonances, which have dominant decays into the π π N final states rather than the more extensively studied single meson decay channels.
Direct Observation Of Proton-Neutron Short-Range Correlation Dominance In Heavy Nuclei,
2019
Old Dominion University
Direct Observation Of Proton-Neutron Short-Range Correlation Dominance In Heavy Nuclei, M. Duer, A. Schmidt, J. R. Pybus, E. P. Segarra, A. Hrnjic, L. B. Weinstein, M. Hattawy, F. Hauenstein, S.E. Kuhn, Clas Collaboration
Physics Faculty Publications
We measured the triple coincidence A(e,e′n p) and A(e,e′ p p) reactions on carbon, aluminum, iron, and lead targets at Q2 >1.5 (GeV/c)2, xB > 1.1 and missing momentum >400 MeV/c. This was the first direct measurement of both proton-proton (pp) and neutron-proton (np) short-range correlated (SRC) pair knockout from heavy asymmetric nuclei. For all measured nuclei, the average proton-proton (pp) to neutron-proton (np) reduced cross-section ratio is about 6%, in agreement with previous indirect measurements. Correcting for single-charge exchange effects decreased the SRC pairs ratio to ∼3%, which is lower than previous results. Comparisons to theoretical …
Form Factors Of Two-Hadron States From A Covariant Finite-Volume Formalism,
2019
Old Dominion University
Form Factors Of Two-Hadron States From A Covariant Finite-Volume Formalism, Alessandro Baroni, Raúl Briceño, Maxwell T. Hansen, Felipe G. Ortega-Gama
Physics Faculty Publications
In this work we develop a Lorentz-covariant version of the previously derived formalism for relating finite-volume matrix elements to 2 + J → 2 transition amplitudes. We also give various details relevant for the implementation of this formalism in a realistic numerical lattice QCD calculation. Particular focus is given to the role of single-particle form factors in disentangling finite-volume effects from the triangle diagram that arise when J couples to one of the two hadrons. This also leads to a new finite-volume function, denoted G, the numerical evaluation of which is described in detail. As an example we discuss …
Conformal Invariance Of Transverse-Momentum Dependent Parton Distributions Rapidity Evolution,
2019
Old Dominion University
Conformal Invariance Of Transverse-Momentum Dependent Parton Distributions Rapidity Evolution, Ian Balitsky, Giovanni A. Chirilli
Physics Faculty Publications
We discuss conformal properties of TMD operators and present the result of the conformal rapidity evolution of TMD operators in the Sudakov region.
Prompt Fission Neutron Energy Spectrum Of N+235U,
2019
University of Kentucky
Prompt Fission Neutron Energy Spectrum Of N+235U, Jason M. Mcginnis
Theses and Dissertations--Physics and Astronomy
Despite nuclear fission prominence in nuclear physics, there are still several fundamental open questions about this process. One uncertainty is the energy distribution of neutrons emitted immediately after fission. In particular the relative energy distribution of neutrons above 8~MeV has been difficult to measure. This experiment measured the prompt neutron energy spectrum of n+235U from 3-10~MeV. The measurement took place at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and used a double time-of-flight technique to measure both the beam and fission neutron kinetic energies. Fission event timing was measured with a parallel plate avalanche counter. The fission neutron time-of-flight was …
A Detection And Data Acquisition System For Precision Beta Decay Spectroscopy,
2019
University of Kentucky
A Detection And Data Acquisition System For Precision Beta Decay Spectroscopy, Aaron P. Jezghani
Theses and Dissertations--Physics and Astronomy
Free neutron and nuclear beta decay spectroscopy serves as a robust laboratory for investigations of the Standard Model of Particle Physics. Observables such as decay product angular correlations and energy spectra overconstrain the Standard Model and serve as a sensitive probe for Beyond the Standard Model physics. Improved measurement of these quantities is necessary to complement the TeV scale physics being conducted at the Large Hadron Collider. The UCNB, 45Ca, and Nab experiments aim to improve upon existing measurements of free neutron decay angular correlations and set new limits in the search for exotic couplings in beta decay. To …
Magnetic Field Monitoring In The Sns Neutron Edm Experiment,
2019
University of Kentucky
Magnetic Field Monitoring In The Sns Neutron Edm Experiment, Alina Aleksandrova
Theses and Dissertations--Physics and Astronomy
It is a well known fact that the visible universe is made almost entirely of baryonic matter. Yet, this is also one of the greatest puzzles that physicists are trying to solve: Where did all of this matter come from in the first place? The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics predicts a baryon asymmetry that is much smaller than what is observed in nature. In order to try and explain this discrepancy, Sakharov (1967) postulated three necessary conditions for baryogenesis in the early universe. One of these is the requirement that charge conjugation (C) and the product of C …
