Elementary Particles and Fields and String Theory Commons^™

Tau Leptons In The Search For Charged Higgs Bosons, Juan Carlos Cardenas Jr

Physics Dissertations - Archive

The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics, a gracefully crafted collection of particle theories, has made an astounding number of accurate predictions about the properties of particles and the fundamental laws that govern our universe. Among its long list of remarkable successes are the unification of the electromagnetic and weak forces, the prediction of elementary particles such as the Higgs boson, and its ability to precisely predict a wide range of particle cross-sections and branching fractions which have been verified experimentally.

Yet despite its immense predictive power, some major problems with the standard model are its failure to accommodate dark …

Novel Time Projection Chamber Techniques With Applications Towards Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Searches, Nicholas K. Byrnes

Physics Dissertations - Archive

One of the highest priority endeavors in nuclear and particle physics is the search for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay (0νββ). The observation of 0νββ would prove that the neutrino is a Majorana particle i.e. its own antiparticle, offering a mechanism by which the matter-antimatter asymmetry observed in our universe could be explained. This theoretical decay mechanism is only energetically favored in certain neutron-rich isotopes and, if found, would be the rarest decay process ever observed. To compete with the exceedingly long half-life of 0νββ, all contemporary searches are focused on the following detector performance metrics: Increasing the instrumented isotopic mass …

Backgrounds Study And Ai-Powered Waveform Processing For Legend Experiment, Laxman Paudel

Dissertations and Theses

Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay (0$\nu \beta \beta $) is a presumed rare nuclear decay process and is considered the most promising way to prove the Majorana nature of neutrinos, that is, neutrinos are their own antiparticles. The discovery of \zero decay would also enhance our understanding of nuclear physics, astrophysical observations, and physical processes in the early Universe. The Large Enriched Germanium Experiment for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay (LEGEND) is a phased $^{\mathrm{76}}$Ge-based 0$\nu \beta \beta $ decay experimental program, aiming for the discovery potential of a half-life of 0$\nu \beta \beta $ beyond 10$^{\mathrm{28}}$ years. The first phase, LEGEND-200, comprises 200 …

Conventions, Definitions, Identities, And Other Useful Formulae, Robert A. Mcnees Iv

Physics: Faculty Publications and Other Works

As the name suggests, these notes contain a summary of important conventions, definitions, identities, and various formulas that I often refer to. They may prove useful for researchers working in General Relativity, Supergravity, String Theory, Cosmology, and related areas.

Complexity, Entanglement And Codes In Quantum Field Theory, Nikolaos Angelinos

Theses and Dissertations--Physics and Astronomy

In recent decades many deep connections between quantum information theory and quantum field theory have been unearthed. In this dissertation we study topics in high-energy physics through the lens of quantum information: 1) We develop connections between error-correcting codes and Narain conformal field theories. 2) We study the entanglement entropy of one-dimensional fermionic chains with long-range interactions. 3) We study the temperature dependence of Lanczos coefficients and Krylov complexity.

Topics In Quantum Information, Complexity And Chaos, Debarghya Chakraborty

Theses and Dissertations--Physics and Astronomy

This dissertation explores quantum information, the use of codes to describe quantum field theories, and introduces new concepts to characterize the dynamics of quantum many-body systems. The contributions of this dissertation are the following: 1) We constructed Narain Conformal Field Theories (CFTs) using additive codes, where the modular bootstrap constraints translate into algebraic conditions on the codes, extending previous approaches. This helps express key CFT data, including the torus partition function, in terms of codewords. We constructed optimal Narain CFTs for small central charges, and described CFT ensembles for asymptotically large central charge with large spectral gap. 2) We studied …

Qcd Analysis Of Flavor-Nonchanging Hadronic Weak Processes Through Next-To-Leading Order, Girish Lingadahalli Muralidhara

Theses and Dissertations--Physics and Astronomy

Studies in quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the fundamental theory of the strong interactions, of low-energy hadronic weak processes utilize an effective Hamiltonian framework. Below the weak-mass scale, an effective Hamiltonian contains a series of Wilson coefficients and four-quark operators that come from the operator product expansion in the Standard Model. The effective hadronic Hamiltonian pertinent to a weak process is then obtained via a renormalization group analysis in QCD from the weak-mass scale to the low-energy scale of O(2 GeV). In this thesis, the construction and phenomenological implications of such an effective Hamiltonian for flavor-conserving, parity-violating quark processes in the Standard …

The Application Of Novel Machine Learning Algorithms To Study Multi-Dimensional Fragmentation Functions Of Hadrons In Jets At Star, Hannah A. Harrison-Smith

Theses and Dissertations--Physics and Astronomy

Hadronization, the process by which colored quarks and gluons shower from high energy collisions and recombine to form stable, experimentally-observable particles, is a fundamental aspect of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) that is not yet fully understood. Fragmentation functions, typically measured in electron-positron collisions, encapsulate this hadronization process well for quarks. Studying proton-proton collisions offers direct access to gluon fragmentation that other channels like electron-positron do not. Recent theoretical developments have proposed the study of hadronic showers in groupings called jets, introducing the concept of multi-dimensional jet fragmentation functions. This thesis presents the extraction of collinear and transverse momentum-dependent fragmentation functions for …

Precision Neutrino Interactions In And Beyond The Standard Model, Kaushik Borah

Theses and Dissertations--Physics and Astronomy

This dissertation investigates precision measurements of neutrino interactions within the framework of the Standard Model and explores potential extensions beyond it. Neutrinos, often referred to as ghostly particles due to their weak interactions and elusive nature, have long been a frontier in particle physics. Through detailed theoretical modeling and comparison with experimental data, this work focuses on improving our understanding of neutrino-nucleon cross-sections, nucleon form factors, and generalized neutrino interactions. The study begins with a comprehensive examination of the role of vector and axial-vector form factors in neutrino-nucleon scattering and their impact on the interpretation of neutrino oscillation data from …

Definition Of Fragmentation Functions And The Violation Of Sum Rules, John Collins, Ted C. Rogers

Physics Faculty Publications

We point out a problem with the formulation and derivations of sum rules for quark fragmentation functions that impacts their validity in QCD, but which potentially points toward an improved understanding of final states in inclusive hard processes. Fragmentation functions give the distribution of final-state hadrons arising from a parton exiting a hard scattering, and the sum rules for momentum, electric charge, etc. express conservation of these quantities. The problem arises from a mismatch between the quark quantum numbers of the initial quark and the fact that all observed final-state hadrons are confined bound states with color zero. We point …

Solving The Homogeneous Bethe-Salpeter Equation With A Quantum Annealer, Filippo Fornetti, Alex Gnech, Tobias Frederico, Francesco Pederiva, Matteo Rinaldi, Alessandro Roggero, Giovanni Salmè, Sergio Scopetta, Michele Viviani

Physics Faculty Publications

The homogeneous Bethe-Salpeter equation (hBSE), describing a bound system in a genuinely relativistic quantum-field theory framework, was solved for the first time by using a D-Wave quantum annealer. After applying standard techniques of discretization, the hBSE, in ladder approximation, can be formally transformed in a generalized eigenvalue problem (GEVP), with two square matrices: one symmetric and the other nonsymmetric. The latter matrix poses the challenge of obtaining a suitable formal approach for investigating the nonsymmetric GEVP by means of a quantum annealer, i.e., to recast it as a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization problem. A broad numerical analysis of the proposed …

Tmd Phenomenology With The Hso Approach, Tommaso Rainaldi, M. Boglione, J. O. Gonzalez-Hernandez, Ted C. Rogers

Physics Faculty Publications

Transverse momentum dependent (TMD) observables are typically classified in terms of their contributions coming from different regions in transverse momentum. The low transverse momentum behavior is often ascribed to intrinsic nonperturbative properties of the hadron described by TMD factorization, while the large transverse momentum region can be computed using fixed order collinear perturbation theory. Combining both pictures in a consistent way presents challenges, for practical calculations as well as the interpretation of results. We discuss a recent approach that is designed to retain a physical interpretation in terms of hadron structure while alleviating tension with techniques used at much higher …

1/Q² Power Corrections To Tmd Factorization For Drell-Yan Hadronic Tensor, I. Balitsky

Physics Faculty Publications

I calculate 1/Q² power corrections to unpolarized Drell-Yan hadronic tensor for electromagnetic (EM) current at large N-c and demonstrate the EM gauge invariance at this level.

The Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility At 12 Gev, P. A. Adderly, S. Ahmed, T. Allison, R. Bachimanchi, K. Baggett, M. Bastaninejad, B. Bevins, M. Bevins, M. Bickley, R. M. Bodenstein, S. A. Bogacz, M. Bruker, A. Burrill, L. Cardman, J. Creel, Y. -C. Chao, G. Cheng, G. Ciovati, S. Chattopadhyay, Y. Zhang, Et Al.

Physics Faculty Publications

This review paper describes the energy-upgraded Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) accelerator. This superconducting linac has achieved 12 GeV beam energy by adding 11 new high-performance cryomodules containing 88 superconducting cavities that have operated cw at an average accelerating gradient of 20 MV/m. After reviewing the attributes and performance of the previous 6 GeV CEBAF accelerator, we discuss the upgraded CEBAF accelerator system in detail with particular attention paid to the new beam acceleration systems. In addition to doubling the acceleration in each linac, the upgrade included improving the beam recirculation magnets, adding more helium cooling capacity to …

Event Generators For High-Energy Physics Experiments, J. M. Campbell, M. Diefenthaler, T. J. Hobbs, S. Höche, J. Isaacson, F. Kling, S. Mrenna, J. Reuter, S. Alioli, J. R. Andersen, C. Andreaopoulos, A. M. Ankowski, E.C. Aschenauer, A. Ashkenazi, M. D. Baker, J. L. Barrow, M. Van Beekveld, G. Beswick, S. Bhattacharya, K. Zapp, Et Al.

Physics Faculty Publications

We provide an overview of the status of Monte-Carlo event generators for high-energy particle physics. Guided by the experimental needs and requirements, we highlight areas of active development, and opportunities for future improvements. Particular emphasis is given to physics models and algorithms that are employed across a variety of experiments. These common themes in event generator development lead to a more comprehensive understanding of physics at the highest energies and intensities, and allow models to be tested against a wealth of data that have been accumulated over the past decades. A cohesive approach to event generator development will allow these …

Counting Linearly Polarized Gluons With Lattice Qcd, Shuai Zhao

Physics Faculty Publications

We outline an approach to calculate the transverse-momentum-dependent distribution of linearly polarized gluons inside an unpolarized hadron on the lattice with the help of large momentum effective theory. To achieve this purpose, we propose calculating a Euclidean version of the degree of polarization for a fast-moving hadron on the lattice, which is ultraviolet finite, and no soft function subtraction is needed. It indicates a practical way to explore the distribution of the linearly polarized gluons in a proton and the linearly polarized gluon effects in hadron collisions on the lattice.

A Formalism For Extracting Track Functions From Jet Measurements, Kyle Lee, Ian Moult, Felix Ringer, Wouter J. Waalewijn

Physics Faculty Publications

The continued success of the jet substructure program will require widespread use of tracking information to enable increasingly precise measurements of a broader class of observables. The recent reformulation of jet substructure in terms of energy correlators has simplified the incorporation of universal non-perturbative matrix elements, so called “track functions”, in jet substructure calculations. These advances make it timely to understand how these universal non-perturbative functions can be extracted from hadron collider data, which is complicated by the use jet algorithms. In this paper we introduce a new class of jet functions, which we call (semi-inclusive) track jet functions, which …

Gluon Helicity From Global Analysis Of Experimental Data And Lattice Qcd Ioffe Time Distributions, J. Karpie, R. M. Whitehill, W. Melnitchouk, C. Monahan, K. Orginos, J.-W. Qui, D. G. Richards, N. Sato, S. Zafeiropoulos, Jefferson Lab Angular Momentum And Hadstruc Collaboration

Physics Faculty Publications

We perform a new global analysis of spin-dependent parton distribution functions with the inclusion of Ioffe time pseudodistributions computed in lattice QCD (LQCD), which are directly sensitive to the gluon helicity distribution, Δg. These lattice data have an analogous relationship to parton distributions as do experimental cross sections, and can be readily included in global analyses. We focus in particular on the constraining capability of current LQCD data on the sign of Δg at intermediate parton momentum fractions x, which was recently brought into question by analysis of data in the absence of parton positivity constraints. …

Dual-Energy Electron Storage Ring, B. Dhital, Y. S. Derbenev, A. Hutton, H. Zhang, G. A. Krafft, Y. Zhang, F. Lin, V. S. Morozov

Physics Faculty Publications

A dual-energy electron storage ring is a novel concept initially proposed to cool hadron beams at high energies. The design consists of two closed rings operating at significantly different energies: the low-energy ring and the high-energy ring. These two rings are connected by an energy recovery linac (ERL) that provides the necessary energy difference. The ERL features superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities that first accelerate the beam from the low energy E_L to the high energy E_H and then decelerate the beam from E_H to E_L in the next pass. The different SRF cavities in the ERL …

Beyond Standard Model: Electromagnetic Origin Of Strong Interaction Between Composite Structures Made Of Basic Elementary ±E/3 Charges, Polievkt Perov

College of Arts & Sciences Faculty Works

Interaction between spinning composite structures of quarks is considered. In simple variants of the quark structures, one basic elementary particle of charge of magnitude |e|/3 is on the axis of rotation and several basic particles of an opposite sign are revolving in the circular orbit about the axis. Each charge in the structure contributes to the electric field and electric potential around the structure. But only revolving basic particles contribute to the spin and to the magnetic moment of the structure. Equations for the axial electric field and the electric potential of each structure at points on its axis are …