Elementary Particles and Fields and String Theory Commons^™

Beyond Standard Model: Neutrino-Antineutrino Pairs In Nuclear Reactions Of Beta-Decay And Proton-Neutron Transmutation., Polievkt Perov

College of Arts & Sciences Faculty Works

On examples of different beta-decay reactions, we show that the neutrino-antineutrino pairs should be added as necessary reagents to the equations of the decay reactions where a neutrino or an antineutrino is among the products of the reaction. In our models, quarks and leptons are all made of basic fractional +-e/3 charges. Transfer of basic charges between reagents forms the products of the reaction. We suggest that there is no direct conversion of u-quark to d-quark and visa versa. Each transmutation involves a transfer of basic charges from a neutrino to a quark so the structure of remaining charges in …

Beyond Standard Model: Neutrino Dipoles And Proto Hydrogen Bundles., Polievkt Perov

College of Arts & Sciences Faculty Works

In our composite models of elementary particles as consisting of just two types of elementary basic charges, +e/3 and -e/3, the axial electric potential of any elementary particle is a function of a distance from the particle, and this function differs from the Coulomb potential of a point total charge of the particle. The electric potential of neutrinos is not zero at close distances from neutrinos. Neutrinos can form dipoles and bundles of 3 or more neutrinos. The three-neutrino bundle (a proto-hydrogen) can be converted to a hydrogen atom. As we suggested in our previous paper [4], the total numbers …

Beyond Standard Model: Electrostatic Potential Energy Of Quarks, Electron, And Neutrinos As Spinning Composite Structures, Polievkt Perov

College of Arts & Sciences Faculty Works

The potential energy of any composite structure is related to the binding energy of the structure. The equations for the electrostatic potential energy of quarks, electron-like structures, and neutrinos are presented for our models of elementary particles as spinning composite structures. The structures consist of up to 3 basic elementary charges of magnitude e/3 on the axis of rotation and N charges revolving about the axis. We applied these general equations specifically to the models of different quarks, electron and electron-like particles (muon and tau), and neutral particles (neutrinos). It is shown that the electrostatic potential energies of all considered …

Non-Relativistic Limit Of Selected Terms From The Sme Dirac Lagrangian, Quinn Reece

Physics

We examine a selection of individual CPT/Lorentz violating terms present in the relativistic lagrangian for a free spin- 1 2 Dirac fermion of mass m in the Standard Model Extension. Euler-Lagrange relations will be applied to give Dirac-like equations including these terms and a novel procedure will be used to generate non-relativistic limits of these equations which are Schr¨odinger-Pauli-like equations. These equations will be analyzed using classical quantum mechanics toy problems to gain physical intuition for the effects of the CPT violating terms, and the results will be discussed. We will conclude with discussion on future work will include the …

Beyond Standard Model: Axial Electric Potentials Of Quarks And Neutrinos, Polievkt Perov

College of Arts & Sciences Faculty Works

The equations of axial electric potentials are presented for our models of quarks and neutrinos as spinning composite structures where up to 3 basic elementary charges are on the axis or rotation and the other N charges are revolving about the axis. The axial potential functions at given point on the axis of rotation were calculated as the sum of electric potentials at that point from all the charges in the structure. We applied these general equations specifically to the models of two types of neutral particles (neutrinos), one with 2 like charges on the axis and the other with …

Radon Plate-Out And The Effects Of Airflow And Electric Charge For Dark Matter Experiments, Faith Fang

SMU Journal of Undergraduate Research

The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (SuperCDMS) is an international collaboration designed to search for and detect dark matter particles, which make up ~85% of the matter in the universe. The plate-out, or deposition of naturally occurring radioactive decay byproducts onto surfaces, can create backgrounds that interfere with dark matter detection experiments. In the first series of these experiments, we analyze the amount of radon progeny, 214Pb and 214Bi, that plate-out on polycarbonate samples while controlling factors such as electric charge and airflow. These samples are exposed to radon-spiked nitrogen gas in a polycarbonate wind tunnel to simulate plate-out conditions in …

Beyond Standard Model: Structure Factors Of Models Of Different Quarks And Neutrinos As Spinning Structures Made Of Basic Fractional Charges +- E/3, Polievkt Perov

College of Arts & Sciences Faculty Works

We consider a possible line of “elementary” particles as composite spinning structures made of just two basic elementary particles of charges + e/3 and -e/3. In considered structures, up to 3 basic charges can be on the axis of rotation and other charges can be in a revolving motion about the axis. In addition to the simplest structures of quarks, an electron and a neutral particle containing mostly one or no charges on the axis of rotation, suggested initially in [4], we analyze possible spatial structures of spinning composite particles having 2 or 3 charges on the axis of rotation. …

Questioning Reality: The Progressive Development Of Modern Physics, Joshua Lancman

STEM for Success Showcase

Humanity has a tendency to divide time. The past is distinct from the present which is entirely separate from the future. In supposedly 20-20 vision history is neatly divided into different sections, distinct eras with sharp lines between them. What is present and in the future is always modern. What is past is something else with another name.

Yet time is not divided so neatly. We know this living through it: years and decades blend into one another in a non-uniform progression. To divide human history into separate eras is a necessary simplification, as it helps to ascribe order onto …

Backgrounds Study And Ai-Powered Waveform Processing For Legend Experiment, Laxman Paudel

Dissertations and Theses

Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay (0$\nu \beta \beta $) is a presumed rare nuclear decay process and is considered the most promising way to prove the Majorana nature of neutrinos, that is, neutrinos are their own antiparticles. The discovery of \zero decay would also enhance our understanding of nuclear physics, astrophysical observations, and physical processes in the early Universe. The Large Enriched Germanium Experiment for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay (LEGEND) is a phased $^{\mathrm{76}}$Ge-based 0$\nu \beta \beta $ decay experimental program, aiming for the discovery potential of a half-life of 0$\nu \beta \beta $ beyond 10$^{\mathrm{28}}$ years. The first phase, LEGEND-200, comprises 200 …

Jets And Underlying Event In √S_Nn = 200 Gev P+Au Collisions At Rhic, Veronica Verkest

Wayne State University Dissertations

Small collision systems, such as that between a proton or deuteron and a heavy-ion, were originally studied to assess cold nuclear matter (CNM) effects but have produced surprising results at RHIC and the LHC over the last several years. Namely, observations of jet yield suppression (enhancement) in central (peripheral) p/d+A events have motivated further investigations into small systems, including the search for signs of Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) formation. This thesis focuses primarily on an analysis of correlations of hard and soft particle production in √s_NN = 200 GeV p+Au collisions in STAR. Jets and Underlying Event (UE) are measured at …

Definition Of Fragmentation Functions And The Violation Of Sum Rules, John Collins, Ted C. Rogers

Physics Faculty Publications

We point out a problem with the formulation and derivations of sum rules for quark fragmentation functions that impacts their validity in QCD, but which potentially points toward an improved understanding of final states in inclusive hard processes. Fragmentation functions give the distribution of final-state hadrons arising from a parton exiting a hard scattering, and the sum rules for momentum, electric charge, etc. express conservation of these quantities. The problem arises from a mismatch between the quark quantum numbers of the initial quark and the fact that all observed final-state hadrons are confined bound states with color zero. We point …

Mass And Isospin Breaking Effects In The Skyrme Model And In Holographic Qcd, Lorenzo Bartolini, Stefano Bolognesi, Sven Bjarke Gudnason, Tommaso Rainaldi

Physics Faculty Publications

We discuss how the quark masses and their mass splitting affect the baryons in the Skyrme model as well as the Witten-Sakai-Sugimoto (WSS) model. In both cases, baryons are described by solitonic objects, i.e., Skyrmions and instantons, respectively. After the quantization of their zero modes, the nucleons become quantum states of a rotor. We show how the quark mass affects the moment of inertia and we provide a semianalytic approach valid in the small-mass limit. Additionally, we show how the two lightest quarks’ mass splitting affects the moments of inertia of the Skyrmion and induces an isospin breaking effect. This …

Event Generators For High-Energy Physics Experiments, J. M. Campbell, M. Diefenthaler, T. J. Hobbs, S. Höche, J. Isaacson, F. Kling, S. Mrenna, J. Reuter, S. Alioli, J. R. Andersen, C. Andreaopoulos, A. M. Ankowski, E.C. Aschenauer, A. Ashkenazi, M. D. Baker, J. L. Barrow, M. Van Beekveld, G. Beswick, S. Bhattacharya, K. Zapp, Et Al.

Physics Faculty Publications

We provide an overview of the status of Monte-Carlo event generators for high-energy particle physics. Guided by the experimental needs and requirements, we highlight areas of active development, and opportunities for future improvements. Particular emphasis is given to physics models and algorithms that are employed across a variety of experiments. These common themes in event generator development lead to a more comprehensive understanding of physics at the highest energies and intensities, and allow models to be tested against a wealth of data that have been accumulated over the past decades. A cohesive approach to event generator development will allow these …

Boosted Dark Matter Search With The Icarus Detector At The Gran Sasso Underground National Laboratory, Hector Carranza Jr

Physics Dissertations - Archive

The quest to discover dark matter is one of the most pressing topics in modern physics. Evidence of gravitational anomalies is present at different cosmological scales, spanning the stability and rotation of galaxies to the overall density profile of the entire observable Universe. Due to the discrepancy between the mass measured and the gravitational influence on the mass, if General Relativity is to correctly describe gravity at different scales, extra electromagnetically invisible matter termed dark matter must exist. In recent decades, many experiments have been performed to detect dark matter with masses that span many orders of magnitude, from Mass …

Tau Leptons In The Search For Charged Higgs Bosons, Juan Carlos Cardenas Jr

Physics Dissertations - Archive

The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics, a gracefully crafted collection of particle theories, has made an astounding number of accurate predictions about the properties of particles and the fundamental laws that govern our universe. Among its long list of remarkable successes are the unification of the electromagnetic and weak forces, the prediction of elementary particles such as the Higgs boson, and its ability to precisely predict a wide range of particle cross-sections and branching fractions which have been verified experimentally.

Yet despite its immense predictive power, some major problems with the standard model are its failure to accommodate dark …

Novel Time Projection Chamber Techniques With Applications Towards Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Searches, Nicholas K. Byrnes

Physics Dissertations - Archive

One of the highest priority endeavors in nuclear and particle physics is the search for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay (0νββ). The observation of 0νββ would prove that the neutrino is a Majorana particle i.e. its own antiparticle, offering a mechanism by which the matter-antimatter asymmetry observed in our universe could be explained. This theoretical decay mechanism is only energetically favored in certain neutron-rich isotopes and, if found, would be the rarest decay process ever observed. To compete with the exceedingly long half-life of 0νββ, all contemporary searches are focused on the following detector performance metrics: Increasing the instrumented isotopic mass …

Beam Spin Asymmetry Measurements Of Deeply Virtual Π⁰ Production With Clas12, The Clas Collaboration, A. Kim, S. Diehl, K. Joo, V. Kubarovsky, P. Achenbach, Z. Akbar, J. S. Alvarado, Whitney R. Armstrong, H. Atac, H. Avakian, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, L. Barion, M. Battaglieri, I. Bedlinskiy, B. Benkel, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, M. Bondi, M. Zureck, Et Al.

Physics Faculty Publications

The new experimental measurements of beam spin asymmetry were performed for the deeply virtual exclusive π⁰ production in a wide kinematic region with the photon virtualities Q² up to 6.6 GeV²and the Bjorken scaling variable 𝓍_B in the valence regime. The data were collected by the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS12) at Jefferson Lab with longitudinally polarized 10.6 GeV electrons scattered on an unpolarized liquid-hydrogen target. Sizable asymmetry values indicate a substantial contribution from transverse virtual photon amplitudes to the polarized structure functions. The interpretation of these measurements in terms of the Generalized Parton Distributions …

Inclusive Reactions From Finite Minkowski Spacetime Correlation Functions, Marco A. Carrillo, Raúl A. Briceño, Alexandru M. Sturzu

Physics Faculty Publications

The need to determine scattering amplitudes of few-hadron systems for arbitrary kinematics expands a broad set of subfields of modern-day nuclear and hadronic physics. In this work, we expand upon previous explorations on the use of real-time methods, like quantum computing or tensor networks, to determine few-body scattering amplitudes. Such calculations must be performed in a finite Minkowski spacetime, where scattering amplitudes are not well defined. Our previous work presented a conjecture of a systematically improvable estimator for scattering amplitudes constructed from finite-volume correlation functions. Here we provide further evidence that the prescription works for larger kinematic regions than previously …

A Formalism For Extracting Track Functions From Jet Measurements, Kyle Lee, Ian Moult, Felix Ringer, Wouter J. Waalewijn

Physics Faculty Publications

The continued success of the jet substructure program will require widespread use of tracking information to enable increasingly precise measurements of a broader class of observables. The recent reformulation of jet substructure in terms of energy correlators has simplified the incorporation of universal non-perturbative matrix elements, so called “track functions”, in jet substructure calculations. These advances make it timely to understand how these universal non-perturbative functions can be extracted from hadron collider data, which is complicated by the use jet algorithms. In this paper we introduce a new class of jet functions, which we call (semi-inclusive) track jet functions, which …

Gluon Helicity From Global Analysis Of Experimental Data And Lattice Qcd Ioffe Time Distributions, J. Karpie, R. M. Whitehill, W. Melnitchouk, C. Monahan, K. Orginos, J.-W. Qui, D. G. Richards, N. Sato, S. Zafeiropoulos, Jefferson Lab Angular Momentum And Hadstruc Collaboration

Physics Faculty Publications

We perform a new global analysis of spin-dependent parton distribution functions with the inclusion of Ioffe time pseudodistributions computed in lattice QCD (LQCD), which are directly sensitive to the gluon helicity distribution, Δg. These lattice data have an analogous relationship to parton distributions as do experimental cross sections, and can be readily included in global analyses. We focus in particular on the constraining capability of current LQCD data on the sign of Δg at intermediate parton momentum fractions x, which was recently brought into question by analysis of data in the absence of parton positivity constraints. …