Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics Commons^™

Light Vs. Quantum Gravity, Irving Martinez^*

COURI Symposium Abstracts, Spring 2012

No abstract provided.

Characterizing Electrons In Primary And Secondary Magnetic Islands During Magnetic Reconnection, Jason Shuster

Honors Theses and Capstones

The physics underlying particle-in-cell simulations that are widely employed in studying plasma dynamics are reviewed. Results from a two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation of fully kinetic, undriven, collisionless magnetic reconnection are studied to compare the electrons in a primary magnetic island formed from an ion current sheet and the electrons in a secondary island formed in an electron current layer. We find that the secondary island is born with a strong out-of-plane current density due to localized peaks in the electron density and out-of-plane electron velocity; the secondary island retains these features as it evolves, distinguishing it from the primary island. For …

Ultrafast Intense-Field Photoionization And Photofragmentation Of Systematic Series Of Substituted Organic Molecules, Timothy D. Scarborough

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The abundance and relevance of organic molecules similar to benzene makes their study important. Studying the interactions of such molecules with intense light fields has implications for the generation of short-wavelength radiation, attosecond science, high-harmonic generation, and many other fields. However, the computing power necessary to complete fully ab initio calculations describing molecules of this size does not exist; this leaves theoretical studies to rely on assumptions and approximations just to calculate the energies of the ground state. Including any sort of dynamics in these calculations is prohibitively complicated, and this makes experimental observations important. Since many organic molecules are …

Case Studies In Many-Body Physics, Ana Samolov

Physics Theses & Dissertations

The many-body problem refers to any physical problem made of more than two interacting particles. With increasing number of particles in a system, their coupling and entanglement becomes more complex, and there is no general analytic solution even for a three-body classical or quantum systems. However, some of the most fascinating phenomena in nature are products of collective effects. Therefore, significant efforts have been made in both experiment and theory to unravel some specific many-body problems. If we look at still unanswered physics questions we see that for most of these problems addressing the many-body interactions is a key issue. …

Kinetic Studies Of The Photo-Degradation Of Poly Arylene Vinylenes, Luke O'Neill, Patrick Lynch, Niamh Mcgoldrick, Hugh Byrne, Mary Mcnamara

Articles

The kinetics of the degradation of a homologous series of Poly phenylene vinylenes in which the phenylene units of the PPV structure are systematically substituted by naphthyl and anthyrl units is presented. Degradation is monitored according to the decay of the long wavelength absorption maximum upon illumination with UV radiation. Compared to Toluene solution, the photo-degradation is seen to be accelerated in Chloroform solution. All decays are fitted with first order kinetics. It is found that all substitutions improve the stability of the vinylene polymers against decay. In particular the highly electro-negative naphthyl group serves to drastically increase the stability …

M + Ng Potential Energy Curves Including Spin-Orbit Coupling For M = K, Rb, Cs And Ng = He, Ne, Ar, Larry Aaron Blank, David E. Weeks, Gary S. Kedziora

Faculty Publications

X²Σ⁺_1/2 ⁠, A²Π_1/2, A²Π_3/2, and B²Σ⁺_1/2 potential energy curves and associated dipole matrix elements are computed for M + Ng at the spin-orbit multi-reference configuration interaction level, where M = K, Rb, Cs and Ng = He, Ne, Ar. Dissociation energies and equilibrium positions for all minima are identified and corresponding vibrational energy levels are computed. Difference potentials are used together with the quasistatic approximation to estimate the position of satellite peaks of collisionally broadened D2 lines. The comparison of potential energy curves for …

Remote Sensing Phase Fluorimetry Using Mercury Vapor Lamp, Matthew J. Bohn, Michael A. Lundin

AFIT Patents

An efficient and portable method for remote detection of a target mineral material through frequency domain fluorimetry, a detection technique that measures the time lag between absorption and emission of photons, thereby determining the lifetime of said target mineral material. As claimed and disclosed in the present invention, mercury vapor lamps, a common source of industrial facility lighting, emit radiation that overlaps the UV/blue absorption spectrum of many fluorophores and may be used as an efficient and portable excitation source for remote frequency domain fluorimetry.

Spatial And Spectral Performance Of A Chromotomosynthetic Hyperspectral Imaging System, Randall L. Bostick, Glen P. Perram

Faculty Publications

The spatial and spectral resolutions achievable by a prototype rotating prism chromotomosynthetic imaging (CTI) system operating in the visible spectrum are described. The instrument creates hyperspectral imagery by collecting a set of 2D images with each spectrally projected at a different rotation angle of the prism. Mathematical reconstruction techniques that have been well tested in the field of medical physics are used to reconstruct the data to produce the 3D hyperspectral image. The instrument operates with a 100 mm focusing lens in the spectral range of 400–900 nm with a field of view of 71.6 mrad and angular resolution of …

Demonstration Of The Gunnarsson-Lundqvist Theorem And The Multiplicity Of Potentials For Excited States, Yu-Qi Li, Xiao-Yin Pan, Biao Li, Viraht Sahni

Publications and Research

The Gunnarsson-Lundqvist (GL) theorem of density functional theory states that there is a one-to-one relationship between the density of the lowest nondegenerate excited state of a given symmetry and the external potential. As a consequence, knowledge of this excited state density determines the external potential uniquely. [The GL theorem is the equivalent for such excited states of theHohenberg-Kohn (HK) theorem for nondegenerate ground states.] For other excited states, there is no equivalent of the GL or HK theorem. For these states, there thus exist multiple potentials that generate the excited-state density. We show, by example, the satisfaction that the GL …

Pair Creation Enhancement Due To Combined External Fields, M Jiang, W Su, Z Q. Lv, X Lu, Y J. Li, Rainer Grobe, Qichang Su

Faculty publications – Physics

We study the creation of electron-positron pairs from the vacuum induced by a combination of a static electric field and an alternating field. We find that the overall pair production can be increased by two orders of magnitude compared to the yields associated with each field individually. We examine the interesting case where both fields are spatially localized, permitting us to examine the time evolution of the spatial density for the created particle pairs. We find that there are a variety of competing mechanisms that contribute to the total yield.

K-Shell X-Ray Spectroscopy Of Atomic Nitrogen, M. M. Sant'anna, Gunnar Ohrwall, Wayne C. Stolte, Alfred S. Schlachter, Dennis W. Lindle, B. M. Mclaughlin

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

Absolute K-shell photoionization cross sections for atomic nitrogen have been obtained from both experiment and state-of-the-art theoretical techniques. Because of the difficulty of creating a target of neutral atomic nitrogen, no high-resolution K-edge spectroscopy measurements have been reported for this important atom. Interplay between theory and experiment enabled identification and characterization of the strong 1s → np resonance features throughout the threshold region. An experimental value of 409.64 ± 0.02 eV was determined for the K-shell binding energy.

The Unlv Xps Facility – Research Opportunities, Allen L. Johnson

NSTec UNLV Symposium

XPS Outline

•XPS – what is it?

•How is it done?

•What are its limitations?

•Future direction – radioactive samples

–Sample containment and transport
–Sputter controls
–Radiation limits

•Summary

Pmts And Radiation/Particle Detection Technologies, Brent Davis

NSTec UNLV Symposium

Describes technical standards for equipment in the field of Nuclear and Optical Physics.

Heterogeneous Multiscale Modeling Of Advection-Diffusion Problems, David J. Gardner, Daniel R. Reynolds

Mathematics Research

No abstract provided.

Local And Nonlocal Spatial Densities In Quantum Field Theory, R E. Wagner, M R. Ware, E V. Stefanovich, Qichang Su, Rainer Grobe

Faculty publications – Physics

We use a one-dimensional model system to compare the predictions of two different yardsticks to compute the position of a particle from its quantum field theoretical state. Based on the first yardstick (defined by the Newton-Wigner position operator), the spatial density can be arbitrarily narrow, and its time evolution is superluminal for short time intervals. Furthermore, two spatially distant particles might be able to interact with each other outside the light cone, which is manifested by an asymmetric spreading of the spatial density. The second yardstick (defined by the quantum field operator) does not permit localized states, and the time …

Effects Of Metallic, Semiconducting, And Insulating Substrates On The Coupling Involving Radiative Polaritons In Thin Oxide Films, Anita J. Vincent-Johnson, Kyle A. Vasquez, Giovanna Scarel, James S. Hammonds Jr., Mathieu Francoeur

Department of Physics and Astronomy - Faculty Scholarship

Through simulations, this work explores the effects of conducting, semiconducting, and insulating substrates on the absorption of infrared radiation by radiative polaritons in oxide layers with thicknesses that range from 30 nm to 9 μm. Using atomic layer deposition, oxide layers can be formed in the nanometer scale. Our results suggest that the chemistry and conductivity of the substrate determine the amount of absorption by radiative polaritons in oxide layers thinner than the skin depth. The effects of the chemistry and conductivity of the substrate are especially effective for oxide films thinner than about 250 nm, which we label as …

Properties Of Cu(In,Ga) Se2 Thin Films And Solar Cells Deposited By Hybrid Process, S. Marsillac, H. Khatri, K. Aryal, R. W. Collins

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 solar cells were fabricated using a hybrid cosputtering/evaporation process, and efficiencies as high as 12.4% were achieved. The films were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, glancing incidence X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, auger electron spectroscopy, and transmittance and reflectance spectroscopy, and their properties were compared to the ones of films deposited by coevaporation. Even though the films were relatively similar, the ones deposited by the hybrid process tend to have smaller grains with a slightly preferred orientation along the (112) axis and a rougher surface. Both types of films have uniform composition through the depth. Characterization of these films …

(Pbs)32: A Baby Crystal, B. Kiran, Anil K. Kandalam, Rameshu Rallabandi, Pratik Koirala, Xiang Li, Xin Tang, Yi Wang, Howard Fairbrother, Gerd Gantefoer, Kit Bowen

Physics & Engineering Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Interaction Of Ultrashort-Laser Pulses With Induced Undercritical Plasmas In Fused Silica, Jeremy R. Gulley, Sebastian W. Winkler, William M. Dennis, Carl M. Liebig, Razvan Stoian

Faculty Articles

Ultrafast light-material interactions near the damage threshold are often studied using postmortem analysis of damaged dielectric materials. Corresponding simulations of ultrashort pulse propagation through the material are frequently used to gain additional insight into the processes leading to such damage. However, comparison between such experimental and numerical results is often qualitative, and pulses near to but not exceeding the damage threshold leave no permanent changes in the material for postmortem analysis. In this article, a series of experiments is presented that measures the near- and far-field properties of a 140-fs laser pulse after propagation through a fused silica sample in …

Qpced2.0: A Computer Program For The Processing And Quantification Of Polycrystalline Electron Diffraction Patterns, Xingzhong Li

Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience: Faculty Publications

The processing and quantification of electron diffraction patterns have become vital in advanced electron crystallographic analysis work. A computer program, QPCED2.0, has been developed for the handling of selected-area electron diffraction patterns for polycrystalline materials. QPCED2.0 can be used to enhance the visibility of electron diffraction patterns, to convert electron diffraction patterns into intensity profiles, and to retrieve precisely the lattice d spacings and the integral intensities of the diffraction rings. The design and implementation of QPCED2.0 are elucidated and application examples are given.