Morphological Operations Applied To Digital Art Restoration,
2014
University of Minnesota, Morris
Morphological Operations Applied To Digital Art Restoration, M. Kirbie Dramdahl
Scholarly Horizons: University of Minnesota, Morris Undergraduate Journal
This paper provides an overview of the processes involved in detecting and removing cracks from digitized works of art. Specific attention is given to the crack detection phase as completed through the use of morphological operations. Mathematical morphology is an area of set theory applicable to image processing, and therefore lends itself effectively to the digital art restoration process.
Distance And Similarity Measures Of Interval Neutrosophic Soft Sets,
2014
University of New Mexico
Distance And Similarity Measures Of Interval Neutrosophic Soft Sets, Said Broumi, Irfan Deli, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In this paper several distance and similarity measures of interval neutrosophic soft sets are introduced. The measures are examined based on the geometric model, the set theoretic approach and the matching function. Finally, we have successfully shown an application of this similarity measure of interval neutrosophic soft sets.
New Distance And Similarity Measures Of Interval Neutrosophic Sets,
2014
University of New Mexico
New Distance And Similarity Measures Of Interval Neutrosophic Sets, Said Broumi, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In this paper we proposed a new distance and several similarity measures between interval neutrosophic sets.
Axioms Of Set Theory And Equivalents Of Axiom Of Choice,
2014
Boise State University
Axioms Of Set Theory And Equivalents Of Axiom Of Choice, Farighon Abdul Rahim
Mathematics Undergraduate Theses
Sets are all around us. A bag of potato chips, for instance, is a set containing certain number of individual chip's that are its elements. University is another example of a set with students as its elements. By elements, we mean members. But sets should not be confused as to what they really are. A daughter of a blacksmith is an element of a set that contains her mother, father, and her siblings. Then this set is an element of a set that contains all the other families that live in the nearby town. So a set itself can be …
Permutation Groups And Puzzle Tile Configurations Of Instant Insanity Ii,
2014
East Tennessee State University
Permutation Groups And Puzzle Tile Configurations Of Instant Insanity Ii, Amanda N. Justus
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The manufacturer claims that there is only one solution to the puzzle Instant Insanity II. However, a recent paper shows that there are two solutions. Our goal is to find ways in which we only have one solution. We examine the permutation groups of the puzzle and use modern algebra to attempt to fix the puzzle. First, we find the permutation group for the case when there is only one empty slot at the top. We then examine the scenario when we add an extra column or an extra row to make the game a 4 × 5 puzzle or …
An Introduction To Set Theory And Topology,
2014
Washington University in St. Louis
An Introduction To Set Theory And Topology, Ronald C. Freiwald
Books and Monographs
These notes are an introduction to set theory and topology. They are the result of teaching a two-semester course sequence on these topics for many years at Washington University in St. Louis. Typically the students were advanced undergraduate mathematics majors, a few beginning graduate students in mathematics, and some graduate students from other areas that included economics and engineering. The usual background for the material is an introductory undergraduate analysis course, mostly because it provides a solid introduction to Euclidean space Rn and practice with rigorous arguments — in particular, about continuity. Strictly speaking, however, the material is mostly self-contained. …
Interval Neutrosophic Rough Set,
2014
University of New Mexico
Interval Neutrosophic Rough Set, Said Broumi, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
This paper combines interval-valued neutrosophic sets and rough sets. It studies rougheness in interval-valued neutrosophic sets and some of its properties. Finally we propose a Hamming distance between lower an upper approximations of interval neutrosophic sets.
Importance Of Sources Using The Repeated Fusion Method And The Proportional Conflict Redistribution Rules #5 And #6,
2014
University of New Mexico
Importance Of Sources Using The Repeated Fusion Method And The Proportional Conflict Redistribution Rules #5 And #6, Florentin Smarandache, Jean Dezert
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
We present in this paper some examples of how to compute by hand the PCR5 fusion rule for three sources, so the reader will better understand its mechanism. We also take into consideration the importance of sources, which is different from the classical discounting of sources.
An Explicit Construction Of Kleinian Groups With Small Limit Sets,
2014
Sacred Heart University
An Explicit Construction Of Kleinian Groups With Small Limit Sets, Andrew Lazowski
Mathematics Faculty Publications
This paper provides an explicit construction of Kleinian groups that have small Hausdorff dimension of their limit sets. It is known that such groups exist and they can be constructed by results of Patterson. The purpose here is to work out the methods of calculation.
Neutrosophic Crisp Open Set And Neutrosophic Crisp Continuity Via Neutrosophic Crisp Ideals,
2014
University of New Mexico
Neutrosophic Crisp Open Set And Neutrosophic Crisp Continuity Via Neutrosophic Crisp Ideals, A. A. Salama, Said Broumi, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
The focus of this paper is to propose a new notion of neutrosophic crisp sets via neutrosophic crisp ideals and to study some basic operations and results in neutrosophic crisp topological spaces. Also, neutrosophic crisp L-openness and neutrosophic crisp L- continuity are considered as a generalizations for a crisp and fuzzy concepts. Relationships between the above new neutrosophic crisp notions and the other relevant classes are investigated. Finally, we define and study two different types of neutrosophic crisp functions.
Neutrosophic Principle Of Interconvertibility Matter-Energy Information,
2014
University of New Mexico
Neutrosophic Principle Of Interconvertibility Matter-Energy Information, Florentin Smarandache, Stefan Vladutescu
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
The research aims to reveal and prove the thesis of the neutral and convertibility relationship between constituent constructive elements of the universe: matter, energy and information. The approach perspective is a computationally-communicative neutrosophic one. We configure a coherent and cohesive ideation line. Matter, energy and information are fundamental elements of the world. Among them, there is an inextricable multiple, elastic and evolutionary connection. The elements are defined by the connections between them. Our hypothesis is that the relationship between matter, energy and information is a neutral one. This relationship is not required by the evidence. At this level, it does …
Neutrosophic Parametrized Soft Set Theory And Its Decision Making,
2014
University of New Mexico
Neutrosophic Parametrized Soft Set Theory And Its Decision Making, Said Broumi, Irfan Deli, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In this work, we present definition of neutrosophic parameterized (NP) soft set and its operations. Then we define NP-aggregation operator to form NP-soft decision making method which allows constructing more efficient decision processes. We also dive an example which shows that they can be successfully applied to problem that contain indeterminacy.
Neutrosophic Ideal Theory Neutrosophic Local Function And Generated Neutrosophic Topology,
2014
University of New Mexico
Neutrosophic Ideal Theory Neutrosophic Local Function And Generated Neutrosophic Topology, A. A. Salama, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In this paper we introduce the notion of ideals on neutrosophic set which is considered as a generalization of fuzzy and fuzzy intuitionistic ideals studies in [9,11] , the important neutrosophic ideals has been given in [4]. The concept of neutrosophic local function is also introduced for a neutrosophic topological space. These concepts are discussed with a view to find new nutrosophic topology from the original one in [8]. The basic structure, especially a basis for such generated neutrosophic topologies and several relations between different neutrosophic ideals and neutrosophic topologies are also studied here. Possible application to GIS topology rules …
Lower And Upper Soft Interval Valued Neutrosophic Rough Approximations Of An Ivnss-Relation,
2014
University of New Mexico
Lower And Upper Soft Interval Valued Neutrosophic Rough Approximations Of An Ivnss-Relation, Said Broumi, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In this paper, we extend the lower and upper soft interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy rough approximations of IVIFS –relations proposed by Anjan et al. to the case of interval valued neutrosophic soft set relation(IVNSS-relation for short)
Intuitionistic Neutrosophic Soft Set Over Rings,
2014
University of New Mexico
Intuitionistic Neutrosophic Soft Set Over Rings, Florentin Smarandache, Said Broumi, Pabitra Kumar Maji
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
S.Broumi and F.Smarandache introduced the concept of intuitionistic neutrosophic soft set as an extension of the soft set theory. In this paper we have applied the concept of intuitionistic neutrosophic soft set to rings theory .The notion of intuitionistic neutrosophic soft set over ring (INSSOR for short ) is introduced and their basic properties have been investigated.The definitions of intersection, union, AND, and OR operations over ring (INSSOR) have also been defined. Finally, we have defined the product of two intuitionistic neutrosophic soft set over ring.
Algebraic Structures On Fuzzy Unit Square And Neutrosophic Unit Square,
2014
University of New Mexico
Algebraic Structures On Fuzzy Unit Square And Neutrosophic Unit Square, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In this book authors build algebraic structures on fuzzy unit semi open square UF = {(a, b) | a, b [0, 1)} and on the fuzzy neutrosophic unit semi open square UN = {a + bI | a, b [0, 1)}. This study is new and we define, develop and describe several interesting and innovative theories about them. We cannot build ring on UN or UF. We have only pseudo rings of infinite order. We also build pseudo semirings using these semi open unit squares. We construct vector spaces, S-vector spaces and strong pseudo special vector space using …
Neutrosophic Theory And Its Applications : Collected Papers - Vol. 1,
2014
University of New Mexico
Neutrosophic Theory And Its Applications : Collected Papers - Vol. 1, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
Neutrosophic Theory means Neutrosophy applied in many fields in order to solve problems related to indeterminacy. Neutrosophy is a new branch of philosophy that studies the origin, nature, and scope of neutralities, as well as their interactions with different ideational spectra. This theory considers every entity together with its opposite or negation and with their spectrum of neutralities in between them (i.e. entities supporting neither nor ). The and ideas together are referred to as . Neutrosophy is a generalization of Hegel's dialectics (the last one is based on and only). According to this theory every entity tends to be …
Algebraic Structures On The Fuzzy Interval [0, 1),
2014
University of New Mexico
Algebraic Structures On The Fuzzy Interval [0, 1), Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In this book we introduce several algebraic structures on the special fuzzy interval [0, 1). This study is different from that of the algebraic structures using the interval [0, n) n ≠ 1, as these structures on [0, 1) has no idempotents or zero divisors under ×. Further [0, 1) under product × is only a semigroup. However by defining min(or max) operation in [0, 1); [0, 1) is made into a semigroup. The semigroup under × has no finite subsemigroups but under min or max we have subsemigroups of order one, two and so on. [0, 1) under + …
Groupoids Of Type I And Ii Using [0, N),
2014
University of New Mexico
Groupoids Of Type I And Ii Using [0, N), Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
Study of algebraic structures built using [0, n) happens to be one of an interesting and innovative research. Here in this book authors define non associative algebraic structures using the interval [0, n). Here we define two types of groupoids using [0, n) both of them are of infinite order. It is an open conjecture to find whether these new class of groupoids satisfy any of the special identities like Moufang identity or Bol identity or Bruck identity or so on. We know on [0, n) we cannot build rings only pseudo rings, however in this book we use these …
Soft Neutrosophic Algebraic Structures And Their Generalization - Vol. 2,
2014
University of New Mexico
Soft Neutrosophic Algebraic Structures And Their Generalization - Vol. 2, Florentin Smarandache, Mumtaz Ali, Muhammad Shabir
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In this book we define some new notions of soft neutrosophic algebraic structures over neutrosophic algebraic structures. We define some different soft neutrosophic algebraic structures but the main motivation is two-fold. Firstly the classes of soft neutrosophic group ring and soft neutrosophic semigroup ring defined in this book is basically the generalization of two classes of rings: neutrosophic group rings and neutrosophic semigroup rings. These soft neutrosophic group rings and soft neutrosophic semigroup rings are defined over neutrosophic group rings and neutrosophic semigroup rings respectively. This is basically the collection of parameterized subneutrosophic group ring and subneutrosophic semigroup ring of …
