Set Theory Commons^™

Pseudo Lattice Graphs And Their Applications To Fuzzy And Neutrosophic Models, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, K. Ilanthenral

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this book for the first time authors introduce the concept of merged lattice, which gives a lattice or a graph. The resultant lattice or graph is defined as the pseudo lattice graph of type I. Here we also merge a graph with a lattice or two or more graphs which call as the pseudo lattice graph of type II. We merge either edges or vertices or both of a lattice and a graph or a lattice and a lattice or graph with itself. Such study is innovative and these mergings are adopted on all fuzzy and neutrosophic models which …

Lower And Upper Soft Interval Valued Neutrosophic Rough Approximations Of An Ivnss-Relation, Said Broumi, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this paper, we extend the lower and upper soft interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy rough approximations of IVIFS –relations proposed by Anjan et al. to the case of interval valued neutrosophic soft set relation(IVNSS-relation for short)

Further Generalization Of N-D Distance And N-D Dependent Function In Extenics, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Prof. Cai Wen [1] defined the 1-D Distance and 1-D Dependent Function in 1983. F. Smarandache [6] generalized them to n-D Distance and n-D Dependent Function respectively in 2012 during his postdoc research at Guangdong University of Technology in Guangzhou. O. I. Şandru [7] extended the last results in 2013. Now [2015], as a further generalization, we unify all these results into a single formula for the n-D Distance and respectively for the n-D Dependent Function.

Eccentricity, Space Bending, Dimension, Florentin Smarandache, Marian Nitu, Mircea Eugen Selariu

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

The main goal of this paper is to present new transformations, previously non-existent in traditional mathematics, that we call centric mathematics (CM) but that became possible due to the new born eccentric mathematics, and, implicitly, to the supermathematics (SM).

As shown in this work, the new geometric transformations, namely conversion or transfiguration, wipe the boundaries between discrete and continuous geometric forms, showing that the first ones are also continuous, being just apparently discontinuous.

New Results Of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Soft Set, Florentin Smarandache, Said Broumi, Mamoni Dhar, Pinaki Majumdar

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this paper, three new operations are introduced on intuitionistic fuzzy soft sets .They are based on concentration, dilatation and normalization of intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Some examples of these operations were given and a few important properties were also studied.

Algebraic Generalization Of Venn Diagram, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

It is easy to deal with a Venn Diagram for 1 ≤ n ≤ 3 sets. When n gets larger, the picture becomes more complicated, that's why we thought at the following codification. That’s why we propose an easy and systematic algebraic way of dealing with the representation of intersections and unions of many sets.

Single Valued Neutrosophic Information Systems Based On Rough Set Theory, Said Broumi, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

The theory of rough sets was firstly proposed by Pawlak. Later on, Smarandache introduced the concept of neutrosophic (NS) sets in 1998. In this paper based on the concept of rough neutrosohic set, we define the concept of single valued neutrosophic information systems. In addition, we will discuss the knowledge reduction and extension of the single valued neutrosophic information systems.

An Introduction To Set Theory And Topology, Ronald C. Freiwald

Books and Monographs

These notes are an introduction to set theory and topology. They are the result of teaching a two-semester course sequence on these topics for many years at Washington University in St. Louis. Typically the students were advanced undergraduate mathematics majors, a few beginning graduate students in mathematics, and some graduate students from other areas that included economics and engineering. The usual background for the material is an introductory undergraduate analysis course, mostly because it provides a solid introduction to Euclidean space Rn and practice with rigorous arguments — in particular, about continuity. Strictly speaking, however, the material is mostly self-contained. …

Interval Neutrosophic Rough Set, Said Broumi, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

This paper combines interval-valued neutrosophic sets and rough sets. It studies rougheness in interval-valued neutrosophic sets and some of its properties. Finally we propose a Hamming distance between lower an upper approximations of interval neutrosophic sets.

Importance Of Sources Using The Repeated Fusion Method And The Proportional Conflict Redistribution Rules #5 And #6, Florentin Smarandache, Jean Dezert

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

We present in this paper some examples of how to compute by hand the PCR5 fusion rule for three sources, so the reader will better understand its mechanism. We also take into consideration the importance of sources, which is different from the classical discounting of sources.

An Explicit Construction Of Kleinian Groups With Small Limit Sets, Andrew Lazowski

Mathematics Faculty Publications

This paper provides an explicit construction of Kleinian groups that have small Hausdorff dimension of their limit sets. It is known that such groups exist and they can be constructed by results of Patterson. The purpose here is to work out the methods of calculation.

Neutrosophic Crisp Open Set And Neutrosophic Crisp Continuity Via Neutrosophic Crisp Ideals, A. A. Salama, Said Broumi, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

The focus of this paper is to propose a new notion of neutrosophic crisp sets via neutrosophic crisp ideals and to study some basic operations and results in neutrosophic crisp topological spaces. Also, neutrosophic crisp L-openness and neutrosophic crisp L- continuity are considered as a generalizations for a crisp and fuzzy concepts. Relationships between the above new neutrosophic crisp notions and the other relevant classes are investigated. Finally, we define and study two different types of neutrosophic crisp functions.

Difference Sets In Non-Abelian Groups Of Order 256, Taylor Applebaum

Honors Theses

This paper considers the problem of determining which of the 56092 groups of order 256 contain (256; 120; 56; 64) difference sets. John Dillon at the National Security Agency communicated 724 groups which were still open as of August 2012. In this paper, we present a construction method for groups containing a normal subgroup isomorphic to Z4 Z4 Z2 . This construction method was able to produce difference sets in 643 of the 649 unsolved groups with the correct normal subgroup. These constructions elimated approximately 90% of the open cases, leaving 81 remaining unsolved groups.

Subset Groupoids, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this book authors introduce the new notion of constructing non associative algebraic structures using subsets of a groupoid. Thus subset groupoids are constructed using groupoids or loops. Even if we use subsets of loops still the algebraic structure we get with it is only a groupoid. However we can get a proper subset of it to be a subset loop which will be isomorphic with the loop which was used in the construction of the subset groupoid. To the best of the authors’ knowledge this is the first time non associative algebraic structures are constructed using subsets. We get …

Variance On Topics Of Plane Geometry, Florentin Smarandache, Ion Patrascu

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

This book contains 21 papers of plane geometry. It deals with various topics, such as: quasi-isogonal cevians, nedians, polar of a point with respect to a circle, anti-bisector, aalsonti-symmedian, anti-height and their isogonal. A nedian is a line segment that has its origin in a triangle’s vertex and divides the opposite side in Q equal segments. The papers also study distances between remarkable points in the 2D-geometry, the circumscribed octagon and the inscribable octagon, the circles adjointly ex-inscribed associated to a triangle, and several classical results such as: Carnot circles, Euler’s line, Desargues theorem, Sondat’s theorem, Dergiades theorem, Stevanovic’s theorem, …

N-Valued Refined Neutrosophic Logic And Its Applications To Physics, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this paper we present a short history of logics: from particular cases of 2-symbol or numerical valued logic to the general case of n-symbol or numerical valued logic. We show generalizations of 2-valued Boolean logic to fuzzy logic, also from the Kleene’s and Lukasiewicz’ 3-symbol valued logics or Belnap’s 4-symbol valued logic to the most general n-symbol or numerical valued refined neutrosophic logic. Two classes of neutrosophic norm (n-norm) and neutrosophic conorm (n-conorm) are defined. Examples of applications of neutrosophic logic to physics are listed in the last section. Similar generalizations can be done for n-Valued Refined Neutrosophic Set, …

Correlation Coefficient Of Interval Neutrosophic Set, Said Broumi, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this paper we introduce for the first time the concept of correlation coefficients of interval valued neutrosophic set (INS for short). Respective numerical examples are presented.

Intuitionistic Neutrosophic Soft Set, Said Broumi, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this paper we study the concept of intuitionistic neutrosophic set of Bhowmik and Pal. We have introduced this concept in soft sets and defined intuitionistic neutrosophic soft set. Some definitions and operations have been introduced on intuitionistic neutrosophic soft set. Some properties of this concept have been established.

Subset Polynomial Semirings And Subset Matrix Semirings, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this book authors introduce the notion of subset polynomial semirings and subset matrix semirings. The study of algebraic structures using subsets were recently carried out by the authors. Here we define the notion of subset row matrices, subset column matrices and subset m × n matrices. Study of this kind is developed in chapter two of this book. If we use subsets of a set X; say P(X), the power set of the set X....

Hence if P(X) is replaced by a group or a semigroup we get the subset matrix to be only a subset matrix semigroup. If …

Subset Interval Groupoids, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

The study of groupoids is meager and we have recently introduced the new notion of subset groupoids and have studied them. It is interesting to keep on record that interval groupoids have been studied by us in 2010. Further when the subsets of a loop are taken they also form only a subset groupoid and not a subset loop. Thus we do not have the concept of subset interval loop they only form a subset interval groupoid. Special elements like subset interval zero divisors, subset interval idempotents and subset interval units are studied. Concept of subset interval groupoid homomorphism is …