Interval Neutrosophic Logic, 2014 University of New Mexico
Interval Neutrosophic Logic, Haibin Wang, Florentin Smarandache, Yan-Qing Zhang, Rajshekhar Sunderraman
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
Interval Neutrosophic Logic
Importance Of Sources Using The Repeated Fusion Method And The Proportional Conflict Redistribution Rules #5 And #6, 2014 University of New Mexico
Importance Of Sources Using The Repeated Fusion Method And The Proportional Conflict Redistribution Rules #5 And #6, Florentin Smarandache, Jean Dezert
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
We present in this paper some examples of how to compute by hand the PCR5 fusion rule for three sources, so the reader will better understand its mechanism. We also take into consideration the importance of sources, which is different from the classical discounting of sources.
Algebraic Structures On The Fuzzy Interval [0, 1), 2014 University of New Mexico
Algebraic Structures On The Fuzzy Interval [0, 1), Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In this book we introduce several algebraic structures on the special fuzzy interval [0, 1). This study is different from that of the algebraic structures using the interval [0, n) n ≠ 1, as these structures on [0, 1) has no idempotents or zero divisors under ×. Further [0, 1) under product × is only a semigroup. However by defining min(or max) operation in [0, 1); [0, 1) is made into a semigroup. The semigroup under × has no finite subsemigroups but under min or max we have subsemigroups of order one, two and so on. [0, 1) under + …
Algebraic Structures On Finite Complex Modulo Integer Interval C([0, N)), 2014 University of New Mexico
Algebraic Structures On Finite Complex Modulo Integer Interval C([0, N)), Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In this book authors introduce the notion of finite complex modulo integer intervals. Finite complex modulo integers was introduced by the authors in 2011. Now using this finite complex modulo integer intervals several algebraic structures are built. Further the concept of finite complex modulo integers itself happens to be new and innovative for in case of finite complex modulo integers the square value of the finite complex number varies with varying n of Zn. In case of finite complex modulo integer intervals also we can have only pseudo ring as the distributive law is not true, in general in C([0, …
Single Valued Neutrosophic Information Systems Based On Rough Set Theory, 2014 University of New Mexico
Single Valued Neutrosophic Information Systems Based On Rough Set Theory, Said Broumi, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
The theory of rough sets was firstly proposed by Pawlak. Later on, Smarandache introduced the concept of neutrosophic (NS) sets in 1998. In this paper based on the concept of rough neutrosohic set, we define the concept of single valued neutrosophic information systems. In addition, we will discuss the knowledge reduction and extension of the single valued neutrosophic information systems.
Finding Zeros Of Rational Quadratic Forms, 2014 Claremont McKenna College
Finding Zeros Of Rational Quadratic Forms, John F. Shaughnessy
CMC Senior Theses
In this thesis, we introduce the notion of quadratic forms and provide motivation for their study. We begin by discussing Diophantine equations, the field of p-adic numbers, and the Hasse-Minkowski Theorem that allows us to use p-adic analysis determine whether a quadratic form has a rational root. We then discuss search bounds and state Cassels' Theorem for small-height zeros of rational quadratic forms. We end with a proof of Cassels' Theorem and suggestions for further reading.
Constructing Carmichael Numbers Through Improved Subset-Product Algorithms, 2013 Illinois Wesleyan University
Constructing Carmichael Numbers Through Improved Subset-Product Algorithms, W.R. Alford, Jon Grantham, Steven Hayman, Andrew Shallue
Andrew Shallue
The Kronecker-Weber Theorem: An Exposition, 2013 Lawrence University
The Kronecker-Weber Theorem: An Exposition, Amber Verser
Lawrence University Honors Projects
This paper is an investigation of the mathematics necessary to understand the Kronecker-Weber Theorem. Following an article by Greenberg, published in The American Mathematical Monthly in 1974, the presented proof does not use class field theory, as the most traditional treatments of the theorem do, but rather returns to more basic mathematics, like the original proofs of the theorem. This paper seeks to present the necessary mathematical background to understand the proof for a reader with a solid undergraduate background in abstract algebra. Its goal is to make what is usually an advanced topic in the study of algebraic number …
Quotients Of Gaussian Primes, 2013 Pomona College
Quotients Of Gaussian Primes, Stephan Ramon Garcia
Pomona Faculty Publications and Research
It has been observed many times, both in the Monthly and elsewhere, that the set of all quotients of prime numbers is dense in the positive real numbers. In this short note we answer the related question: "Is the set of all quotients of Gaussian primes dense in the complex plane?"
Wilson Theorem, 2013 SelectedWorks
Rock Art Tallies: Mathematics On Stone In Western North America, 2013 Millikin University
Rock Art Tallies: Mathematics On Stone In Western North America, James V. Rauff
Journal of Humanistic Mathematics
Western North America abounds with rock art sites. From Alberta to New Mexico and from Minnesota to California one can find the enigmatic rock paintings and rock carvings left by the pre-Columbian inhabitants. The images left behind on the rocks of the American plains and deserts are those of humanoids and animals, arrows and spears, and a variety of geometric shapes and abstract designs. Also included, in great numbers, are sequences of repeated shapes and marks that scholars have termed "tallies." The tallies are presumed to be an ancient accounting of something or some things. This article examines rock art …
Number Theory Applications In Cryptography, 2013 Montclair State University
Number Theory Applications In Cryptography, Francesca Pizzigoni
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
This thesis provides a unique cryptosystem comprised of different number theory applications. We first consider the well-known Knapsack Problem and the resulting Knapsack Cryptosystem. It is known that when the Knapsack Problem involves a superincreasing sequence, the solution is easy to find. Two cryptosystems are designed and displayed in this thesis that allow two parties often called Alice and Bob use a common superincreasing sequence in the encryption and decryption process. They use this sequence and a variation of the Knapsack Cryptosystem to send and receive binary messages. The first cryptosystem assumes that Alice and Bob agree on a shared …
Slicing A Puzzle And Finding The Hidden Pieces, 2013 Olivet Nazarene University
Slicing A Puzzle And Finding The Hidden Pieces, Martha Arntson
Honors Program Projects
The research conducted was to investigate the potential connections between group theory and a puzzle set up by color cubes. The goal of the research was to investigate different sized puzzles and discover any relationships between solutions of the same sized puzzles. In this research, first, there was an extensive look into the background of Abstract Algebra and group theory, which is briefly covered in the introduction. Then, each puzzle of various sizes was explored to find all possible color combinations of the solutions. Specifically, the 2x2x2, 3x3x3, and 4x4x4 puzzles were examined to find that the 2x2x2 has 24 …
Aliquot Cycles For Elliptic Curves With Complex Multiplication, 2013 Washington University in St Louis
Aliquot Cycles For Elliptic Curves With Complex Multiplication, Thomas Morrell
Undergraduate Theses—Unrestricted
We review the history of elliptic curves and show that it is possible to form a group law using the points on an elliptic curve over some field L. We review various methods for computing the order of this group when L is finite, including the complex multiplication method. We then define and examine the properties of elliptic pairs, lists, and cycles, which are related to the notions of amicable pairs and aliquot cycles for elliptic curves, defined by Silverman and Stange. We then use the properties of elliptic pairs to prove that aliquot cycles of length greater than …
Some Contributions To The Sociology Of Numbers, 2013 Saint Mary's University - Canada
Some Contributions To The Sociology Of Numbers, Robert Dawson
Journal of Humanistic Mathematics
Those who work with numbers eventually realize that they all have different personalities (the word "numbers" can of course be replaced by any number of other nouns here.) Here is one view of the issue.
Comparing The Algebraic And Analytical Properties Of P-Adic Numbers With Real Numbers, 2013 California State University, San Bernardino
Comparing The Algebraic And Analytical Properties Of P-Adic Numbers With Real Numbers, Joseph Colton Wilson
Theses Digitization Project
This study will provide a glimpse into the world of p-adic numbers, which encompasses a different way to measure the distance between rational numbers. Simple calculations and surprising results are examined to help familiarize the reader to the new space.
A Study Of Finite Symmetrical Groups, 2013 California State University, San Bernardino
A Study Of Finite Symmetrical Groups, May Majid
Theses Digitization Project
This study investigated finite homomorphic images of several progenitors, including 2*⁵ : S₅, 2*⁶ : A₆, and 3*⁵ : C₅ The technique of manual of double coset enumeration is used to construct several groups by hand and computer-based proofs are given for the isomorphism types of the groups that are not constructed.
The Fibonacci Sequence And Hosoya's Triangle, 2013 California State University, San Bernardino
The Fibonacci Sequence And Hosoya's Triangle, Jeffrey Lee Smith
Theses Digitization Project
The purpose of this thesis is to study the Fibonacci sequence in a context many are unfamiliar with. A triangular array of numbers, similar looking to Pascal's triangle, was constructed a few decades ago and is called Hosoya's triangle. Each element within the triangle is created using Fibonacci numbers.
Enumeration And Symmetric Presentations Of Groups, With Music Theory Applications, 2013 California State University, San Bernardino
Enumeration And Symmetric Presentations Of Groups, With Music Theory Applications, Jesse Graham Train
Theses Digitization Project
The purpose of this project is to construct groups as finite homomorphic images of infinite semi-direct products. In particular, we will construct certain classical groups and subgroups of sporadic groups, as well groups with applications to the field of music theory.
Supercharacters, Exponential Sums, And The Uncertainty Principle, 2013 Pomona College
Supercharacters, Exponential Sums, And The Uncertainty Principle, J.L. Brumbaugh '13, Madeleine Bulkow '14, Patrick S. Fleming, Luis Alberto Garcia '14, Stephan Ramon Garcia, Gizem Karaali, Matt Michal '15, Andrew P. Turner '14
Pomona Faculty Publications and Research
The theory of supercharacters, which generalizes classical character theory, was recently introduced by P. Diaconis and I.M. Isaacs, building upon earlier work of C. Andre. We study supercharacter theories on $(Z/nZ)^d$ induced by the actions of certain matrix groups, demonstrating that a variety of exponential sums of interest in number theory (e.g., Gauss, Ramanujan, and Kloosterman sums) arise in this manner. We develop a generalization of the discrete Fourier transform, in which supercharacters play the role of the Fourier exponential basis. We provide a corresponding uncertainty principle and compute the associated constants in several cases.