Physical Chemistry Commons^™

Products Of Laser Ablated Actinides And Actinide Comparators In The Presence Of Carbonyl Sulfide Characterized By Rotational Spectroscopy, Joshua Edward Isert

Doctoral Dissertations

As the consumption of energy continues to rise globally, so too has interest in alternative energy sources such as nuclear power. However, a fundamental understanding of the actinide series is needed in order to safely and efficiently utilize these elements. Rotational or microwave spectroscopy, depending on if one is speaking of the physical outcome of the experiment or the region of the electromagnetic spectrum being operated in, is a gas phase molecular study utilized for structural determination. This technique can be utilized to gain an in depth understanding of bonding within the actinide series. However, when studying species that are …

Modified N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysts For Polyurethane Synthesis, Charise D. Young

Pomona Senior Theses

Polyurethanes are widely used polymers synthesized from diisocyanate and diol molecules. They are ubiquitous polymeric materials with important industrial applications. Their increasing market value prompts the need for selective and efficient production which can be achieved through N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis. N-heterocyclic carbenes are heterocyclic molecules containing a carbene atom and at least one nitrogen adjacent to the carbene center. The nitrogen substituents on the adjacent nitrogen play an important role in influencing their steric and electronic properties and resultant reactivity.^1,2 There is a lack of a comprehensive understanding of the steric and electronic properties of NHCs and how …

Phytochemistry Of Dalea Candida Var. Oligophylla, Ryan E. Galperin

All Master's Theses

The focus of this project was the plant Dalea candida and its phytochemistry. The plant compounds were isolated and purified by an array of chromatographic techniques. The structures of the pure compounds were determined by one-dimensional and two-dimensional ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy, supported by infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy, experimental and calculated circular dichroism spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Plant parts were worked on separately since they typically differ in content. Purified compounds will be tested for biological activities. Based on our results, eight new or known compound were isolated, specifically four new compounds and four known compounds. Compound …

Free Energy Approaches To Understanding The Mechanism Of Membrane-Active Peptides, Hannah R. Scott

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Cancer is a leading cause of death in the world today. Current methods of treatment fail to distinguish the difference between cancer cells and cells of healthy tissue, leading to off-target effects, often with terminal outcomes. A potential solution to this challenge is to target the cancer cells’ microenvironment. One universal characteristic across all cancer cells is the acidic extracellular environment. The pH-Low Insertion Peptide (pHLIP) is a membrane-active peptide with acid-sensitive function, undergoing folding and insertion into a transmembrane alpha-helix. pHLIP is a promising candidate to be used to deliver anti-cancer agents exclusively to cancer cells. Although the mechanism …

Rational Design Of Small Molecules Targeting Mitochondrial Redox Proteins, Matheus Barbosa Belchior

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Reactive oxygen species play a crucial role in many cellular processes. Despite being a natural byproduct of cellular metabolism, overexpression of these species causes damage to the cell, leading to cell dysfunction. Central to the regulation of these highly reactive molecule is the mitochondria. Impairment in its function has been associated with oxidative stress within the cell. Herein, a ligand-based and structure-based approach to design new small molecules to inhibit mitochondrial redox proteins associated with oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species. In the first project two molecules were synthesized and characterized as potential monoamine oxidase B inhibitors. Results showed two …

Individual And Collective Properties Of Tunable Photochemical Belousov-Zhabotinsky Micro-Reactors, Kudakwashe Benedict Shumba

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Cell-like model chemical systems are powerful tools that can be used to explore the role of intercellular coupling on population level behaviors in communities of biological cells. Firstly, we present a new method for fabricating such micro-reactors using the photosensitive Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction system employed in silica microparticles. These BZ micro-reactors have a tunable response to photochemical coupling, varying from a fully excitatory response to a fully inhibitory response. Their response can be tuned through variations in either the reactive mixture or, on an individual micro-reactor level, by changes in the synthesis temperature used during the fabrication of the silica …

Unraveling The Reactivity Of Nitrate Ester Explosives: Insights From Femtosecond Time-Resolved Mass Spectrometry And Computational Chemistry, Erica Britt

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation uncovers the ultrafast molecular mechanisms underlying the decomposition of nitrate ester explosives—nitroglycerin (NG), ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN), and amyl nitrate—through the integration of femtosecond time-resolved mass spectrometry and advanced computational chemistry. Although these compounds play fundamental roles in both military and civilian contexts, the precise molecular dynamics governing their pronounced reactivity and impact sensitivity have remained inadequately characterized. Our research establishes that low O–NO2 bond dissociation energies are the primary driver of ultrafast fragmentation and high reactivity in all three esters. The distinctive molecular architectures of these esters dictate their explosive properties: NG’s tri-nitrate configuration leads to exceptional …

Characterization And Optimization Of Sand And Tung Oil-Based Resins For Binder-Jet 3d Printing, Daniel I. Ajiola

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Binder-jet 3D printing as a transformative technology in additive manufacturing, offers the ability to fabricate complex structures with diverse materials. This thesis investigates the use of a sustainable tung oil-based resin to create composites, exploring the potential for an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic binders.

The aim of this research is to develop and characterize a bio-based resin formulation, using tung oil as the primary binder, for application in binder-jet 3D printing with sand as the reinforcement. The resin formulation was prepared by combining tung oil, n-butyl methacrylate, divinylbenzene, and di-tert-butyl peroxide in precise proportions, ensuring a balanced mixture that supports …

Facile Synthesis Of Gold, Copper, And Silicon Nanostructures By Laser Ablation In Liquid, Nicholas Simpson

Theses and Dissertations

Metal nanoparticle (NP) synthesis is a continually evolving area of research, owing to the widespread application of NPs in fields such as catalysis, drug delivery, and biosensing. Compared to bulk metal material, NPs contain a larger proportion of surface atoms and exhibit unique optical properties, thus making them ideal for applications where maximizing surface interactions is key. Moreover, their compositions can be altered in several different ways, as evidenced by metal alloy, core/shell, supported, and defective NPs. While conventional synthesis methods are capable of producing NPs in large quantities, they often require conditions of high temperature and pressure, strong reducing …

Machine Learning Models For Molecular-Based Functional Organic Materials, Moses Ogbaje

Theses and Dissertations--Chemistry

Organic semiconductors (OSC) are of interest for a wide range of flexible optoelectronics applications, including transistors, solar cells, and sensors, to name a few. Despite their promise, the design and optimization of OSC pose significant challenges due to the complexity of the structures of the molecular building blocks, varied packing configurations of these building blocks in the solid state, which impacts the optical and electronic response, and sensitivity of the solid-state packing to material processing conditions. Accurately predicting the solid-state properties of OSC traditionally requires high-level quantum mechanical methods. These methods, however, can be computationally demanding, particularly for large molecules …

Effects Of A-Site Cation Structure And B-Site Metal On Optical And Electronic Properties Of 2d Ruddlesden-Popper Phase Tin-Based Hybrid Perovskites, Henry Pruett

Theses and Dissertations--Chemistry

Organic metal halide perovskites (HPs) are attractive materials for a variety of electronic applications due to their low cost, tunable band gaps, excellent charge transport properties, and high photoluminescence efficiency. As such, HPs are being investigated for use in solar cells, photodetectors, X-ray detectors, light emitting diodes, field effect transistors, lasers, resistive random-access memory, etc. Currently the most popular metal used in HPs is lead, but the use of lead comes with the potential for heavy metal exposure. Tin-based perovskites offer a less hazardous alternative, but their optoelectronic properties lag behind those of lead and less work has been done …

The Radical Oxidation Of Hydroxyacetone: An Insight Into The Reaction Mechanism And Potential Tetraoxide Intermediates, Edward Buck

Master's Theses

This thesis presents the reaction of hydroxyacetone, a common volatile organic compound (VOC), with chlorine radicals in the presence of oxygen. Chapter one explores VOCs and their specific reactions and how tetraoxide intermediates could be formed from them. Chapter two analyses the experimental and computational methods used and the key theoretical concepts behind these methods. Experimental data was collected using multiplexed photoionization mass spectrometry at the Advanced Light Source Chemical Transformations Beamline, Lawrence Berkeley National laboratory. This data is combined with theoretical data using the CBS-QB3 composite method to determine the key reaction intermediates and mechanisms.

The main chapter of …

Electrochemical-Method-Induced Strong Metal-Support Interaction In Pt-Cnt@Sno2 For Co-Tolerant Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction, Shen-Zhou Li, Zi-Jie Lin, Qi-An Chen, Zhao Cai, Qing Li

Journal of Electrochemistry

Inducing the classic strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) is an effective approach to enhance the performance of supported metal catalysts by encapsulating the metal nanoparticles (NPs) with supports. Conventional thermal reduction method for inducing SMSI processes is often accompanied by undesirable structural evolution of metal NPs. In this study, a mild electrochemical method has been developed as a new approach to induce SMSI, using the cable structured core@shell CNT@SnO₂ loaded Pt NPs as a proof of concept. The induced SnO_x encapsulation layer on the surface of Pt NPs can protect Pt NPs from the poisoned of CO impurity in …

Dendrite-Free Strategies For Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries: Structure, Electrolyte, And Separator, Gang Wu, Wu-Hai Yang, Yang Yang, Hui-Jun Yang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Continued growth in energy demand and increased environmental pollution constitute major challenges that need to be addressed urgently. The development and utilization of renewable, sustainable, and clean energy sources, such as wind and solar, are crucial. However, the instability of these intermittent energy sources makes the need for energy storage systems increasingly urgent. Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have received widespread attention due to their unique advantages, such as high energy density, cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and safety. However, AZIBs face significant challenges, mainly the formation of zinc dendrites that seriously affect the stability and lifetime of the batteries, leading to battery …

All-Solid-State Sodium-Ion Batteries: A Leading Contender In The Next-Generation Battery Race, Rui-Jie Zhu, Ze-Chen Li, Wei Zhang, Akira Nasu, Hiroaki Kobayashi, Masaki Matsui

Journal of Electrochemistry

All-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) using ceramic electrolytes are considered the ideal form of rechargeable batteries due to their high energy density and safety. However, in the pursuit of all-solid-state LIBs, the issue of lithium resource availability is selectively overlooked. Considering that the amount of lithium required for all-solid-state LIBs is not sustainable with current lithium resources, another system that also offers the dual advantages of high energy density and safety— all-solid-state sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) —holds significant sustainable advantages and is likely to be the strong contender in the competition for developing next-generation high-energy-density batteries. This article briefly introduces the research …

Contributions To Journal Of Electrochemistry, The Flagship Journal Of Chinese Chemical Society Electrochemical Committee, Will Be Listed As A New Recommendation Policy For China Youth Awards Of Electrochemist, Editorial Office Of J.Electrochem.

Journal of Electrochemistry

No abstract provided.

Interactions Of The Sars-Cov-2 Viral Genome 3’-Untranslated Region With Viral And Host Rnas, Caleb Frye, Mihaela Rita Mihailescu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation focuses on the characterization of RNA-RNA interactions within the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genome and with host microRNAs. As the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), SARS-CoV-2 has evolved rapidly since its appearance. This has warranted prompt characterization of the virus particularly of its single stranded RNA (ssRNA) genome. By using a combination of bioinformatics, biophysics, and/or biological assays, we analyzed the SARS-CoV-2 viral genomic RNA and uncovered interactions of genomic RNA with host RNAs, highlighting an underutilized method of targeting RNA viruses. We showed here that the conserved elements in the viral genomic …

Intrinsic Gas-Phase Behavior Of Uranium Species: A Comprehensive Reactivity Study Of [O=U≡Ch]+ And [Uh]+, Justin Terhorst

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The intrinsic chemistry of actinide elements, particularly uranium, remains a key challenge in understanding f-block reactivity due to the complexity introduced by solvent interactions, counter-ions, and complex equilibria in the condensed phase. In this dissertation, a systematic gas-phase study utilizing preparative tandem ion-trap mass spectrometry (PTMSⁿ) is presented, focusing on the reactivity of uranium-centered species, specifically [OUCH]⁺, an oxy uranium methylidyne species, and [UH]⁺ ions. By stripping away solvent effects and isolating the ions, PTMSⁿ provides a powerful platform to probe the fundamental chemical behavior of uranium species in their intrinsic state.

The …

Vibrational And Electronic Spectroscopy Of 2-Cyanoindene Cations, Thomas E. Douglas-Walker, Eleanor K. Ashworth, Mark H. Stockett, Francis C. Daly, Isabelle Chambrier, Vincent J. Esposito, Marius Gerlach, Angel Zheng, Julianna Palotás, Andrew N. Cammidge, Ewen K. Campbell, Sandra BrüNken, James N. Bull

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

2-Cyanoindene is one of the few specific aromatic or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules positively identified in Taurus molecular cloud-1 (TMC-1), a cold, dense molecular cloud that is considered the nearest star-forming region to Earth. We report cryogenic mid-infrared (550–3200 cm^–1) and visible (16,500–20,000 cm^–1, over the D2 ← D0 electronic transition) spectra of 2-cyanoindene radical cations (2CNI⁺), measured using messenger tagging (He and Ne) photodissociation spectroscopy. The infrared spectra reveal the prominence of anharmonic couplings, particularly over the fingerprint region. There is a strong CN-stretching mode at 2177 ± 1 cm^–1 (4.593 …

Fitting Quality Of Nmr Relaxation Data To Differentiate Asphalt Binders, Rebecca M. Herndon, Kevin Lai, Magdy Abdelrahman, Klaus Woelk

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Asphalt binder performance grades (PGs) are important metrics in designing pavements for effective transportation infrastructure. the PG system relies on the binder's stiffness and is determined through energy- and time-intensive physical testing. Physical properties, like stiffness, can also be determined by spin–lattice NMR relaxometry, a non-destructive chemical method. NMR relaxometry can quantify the molecular mobility of materials by determining relaxation times from exponential decays of excited nuclear magnetization. While relaxation times have been used to determine physical properties of materials, a quantitative relation to the PG grades of asphalt binder is yet to be established. in this study, T1 NMR …