Improving The Sweeping Efficiency Of Permanganate Into Low
Permeable Zones To Treat Tce: Experimental Results And Model Development,
2013
Suranaree University of Technology, Thailand
Improving The Sweeping Efficiency Of Permanganate Into Low Permeable Zones To Treat Tce: Experimental Results And Model Development, Chanat Chokejaroenrat, Negin Kananizadeh, Chainarong Sakulthaew, Steve D. Comfort, Yusong Li
Nebraska Water Center: Faculty Publications
The residual buildup and treatment of dissolved contaminants in low permeable zones (LPZs) is a particularly challenging issue for injection-based remedial treatments. Our objective was to improve the sweeping efficiency of permanganate into LPZs to treat dissolved-phase TCE. This was accomplished by conducting transport experiments that quantified the ability of xanthan-MnO4− solutions to penetrate and cover (i.e., sweep) an LPZ that was surrounded by transmissive sands. By incorporating the non-Newtonian fluid xanthan with MnO4−, penetration of MnO4− into the LPZ improved dramatically and sweeping efficiency reached 100% in fewer pore volumes. To quantify …
Conversion Of Iodide To Hypoiodous Acid And Iodine In Aqueous Microdroplets Exposed To Ozone,
2013
University of Kentucky
Conversion Of Iodide To Hypoiodous Acid And Iodine In Aqueous Microdroplets Exposed To Ozone, Elizabeth A. Pillar, Marcelo I. Guzman, Jose M. Rodriguez
Chemistry Faculty Publications
Halides are incorporated into aerosol sea spray, where they start the catalytic destruction of ozone (O3) over the oceans and affect the global troposphere. Two intriguing environmental problems undergoing continuous research are (1) to understand how reactive gas phase molecular halogens are directly produced from inorganic halides exposed to O3 and (2) to constrain the environmental factors that control this interfacial process. This paper presents a laboratory study of the reaction of O3 at variable iodide (I–) concentration (0.010–100 μM) for solutions aerosolized at 25 °C, which reveal remarkable differences in the reaction intermediates …
Synthesis, Characterization And Application Of Two-Dimensional Layered Metal Hydroxides For Environmental Remediation Purposes,
2013
Marquette University
Synthesis, Characterization And Application Of Two-Dimensional Layered Metal Hydroxides For Environmental Remediation Purposes, Cleopas Machingauta
Dissertations (1934 -)
Two-dimensional layered nano composites, which include layered double hydroxides (LDHs), hydroxy double salts (HDSs) and layered hydroxide salts (LHSs) are able to intercalate different molecular species within their gallery space. These materials have a tunable structural composition which has made them applicable as fire retardants, adsorbents, catalysts, catalyst support materials, and ion exchangers. Thermal treatment of these materials results in destruction of the layers and formation of mixed metal oxides (MMOs) and spinels. MMOs have the ability to adsorb anions from solution and may also regenerate layered structures through a phenomenon known as “memory effect”. Zinc-nickel hydroxy nitrate was used …
Molecular Characteristics Of The Water Soluable Organic Matter In Size Resolved Aerosols Collected Over The North Atlantic Ocean,
2013
Old Dominion University
Molecular Characteristics Of The Water Soluable Organic Matter In Size Resolved Aerosols Collected Over The North Atlantic Ocean, Sarah Catherine Gurganus
Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations
Aerosol particulate matter is acknowledged to have effects on health and the environment and further investigation into the molecular characteristics of aerosols is necessary in order to fully understand the potential links between the molecular characteristics and the impacts that these particles have on health and the environment. Aerosols are often discussed with reference to their size because particles of different sizes can often be associated with different primary sources. This study presents a molecular-level chemical characterization of the water soluble organic matter fraction of 17 aerosol impactor samples representing 3 air mass influences (North American, North African, and marine) …
Climate Change From Oxygen Isotopic Variation Of Pore Water From Sediments In Punderson Lake, Northeast Ohio,
2013
Cleveland State University
Climate Change From Oxygen Isotopic Variation Of Pore Water From Sediments In Punderson Lake, Northeast Ohio, Rachel Daley, Fasong Yuan
Undergraduate Research Posters 2013
The environment in Ohio has changed over time. The hydroclimate, which is the climate of the water, shows changes from the Industrial Revolution to the present. Evidence for these changes can be found in levels of δ18O and δ2H isotopes in the layers of sediment and water in the lakes of Northeast Ohio. Mass spectrometry can be used to test the levels of δ18O and δ2H isotopes from pore water samples within sediment cores. In this study, surface soil and water samples were collected from cores in Punderson Lake at Punderson State Park in Newbury, Ohio. Pore water was extracted …
Structure, Theoretical Studies And Coupling Reactions Of Some New Cyclic Boronic Esters,
2013
University of Dayton
Structure, Theoretical Studies And Coupling Reactions Of Some New Cyclic Boronic Esters, Andrew Kuttler, Sravanthi Durganala, Albert Fratini, Alexander Morgan, Vladimir Benin
Chemistry Faculty Publications
The present report describes the X-ray structural and theoretical studies of some new pinacolboronate esters, and it also outlines the use of the target structures in Suzuki coupling reactions to produce new aromatic or heteroaromatic esters and amides. X-ray structural analysis of the studied compounds revealed that the pinacolborane ring's position with respect to the benzene ring varies, depending on the particular environment. An ortho-positioned carboxylic ester (methyl ester) causes a nearly perpendicular orientation of the pinacolborane unit with respect to the benzene ring, whereas an ortho-positioned amide (N,N-dimethylamide) causes the pinacolborane unit to orient itself nearly coplanar. A plausible …
Source Assessment Of Deposited Particles In A Slovenian Show Cave (Postojnska Jama): Evidence Of Long-Lasting Anthropogenic Impact,
2013
Institute of Public Health, Gosposvetska 12, 4000 Kranj, SLovenia
Source Assessment Of Deposited Particles In A Slovenian Show Cave (Postojnska Jama): Evidence Of Long-Lasting Anthropogenic Impact, Gregor Muri, Aleksandra Jovičić, Andrej Mihevc
International Journal of Speleology
Postojnska jama (Postojna Cave) is one of the most famous karst caves in the world and has been a well-known tourist attraction for nearly 200 years. It is particularly famous for its unique double-track railway. Eight heavy metals – aluminium (Al), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), strontium (Sr), and zinc (Zn) – were determined in dust deposits by ICP-MS in order to assess sources of deposited particles on the cave walls. The samples were collected along the main passage in the cave, at different horizontal and vertical levels, in order to test horizontal homogeneity and …
Sustainable Development Of Tajikistan: Perspectives For Tajik Aluminum Company (Talco),
2013
SIT Graduate Institute
Sustainable Development Of Tajikistan: Perspectives For Tajik Aluminum Company (Talco), Tahmina Azizova
Capstone Collection
Energy efficiency is one the most pressing objectives of the XXI century. Energy efficiency is an intrinsic part of sustainable development of any country. But it is especially crucial for country like Tajikistan, which has an inefficient energy use pattern as a result of the legacy of Soviet era. Energy resources required for economic development can be obtained not only through increased extraction of raw materials, but also through improved energy efficiency at the demand side. Tajikistan imports about 35 percent of its energy needs, which makes the country extremely energy-dependent. That leads to an obvious inference that for Tajikistan …
Heavy-Duty Truck Emissions In The South Coast Air Basin Of California,
2013
University of Denver
Heavy-Duty Truck Emissions In The South Coast Air Basin Of California, Gary A. Bishop, Brent G. Schuchmann, Donald H. Stedman
Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications
California and Federal emissions regulations for 2007 and newer heavy-duty diesel engines require an order of magnitude reduction in particulate matter and oxides of nitrogen spurring the introduction of new aftertreatment systems. Since 2008 four emission measurement campaigns have been conducted at a Port of Los Angeles location and an inland weigh station in the South Coast Air Basin of California. Fuel specific oxides of nitrogen emissions at the Port have decreased 12% since 2010 while infrared opacity (a measure of particulate matter) remained low, showing no diesel particulate filter deterioration. The weigh station truck’s fuel specific oxides of nitrogen …
The Influence Of Soil Organic Matter Stabilization Mechanisms On Carbon Mean Residence Time Within Various Ecosystems In The United States,
2013
California Polytechnic State University - San Luis Obispo
The Influence Of Soil Organic Matter Stabilization Mechanisms On Carbon Mean Residence Time Within Various Ecosystems In The United States, Vicky Lynn Giese, Kate Heckman Phd
STAR Program Research Presentations
Some terrestrial ecosystems and soils serve as carbon sinks, partially offsetting rising atmospheric CO2 levels. Physiochemical mechanisms of soil organic matter (SOM) stabilization affect how carbon stocks respond to global warming. In order to clarify the variance in SOM stabilization mechanisms across different soil types, SOM abundance, distribution and mean residence time (MRT) were compared for thirty-two soil samples from six ecosystems across the United States. Soils were previously described, collected and archived by the United States Geological Survey. Samples were processed by LLNL at the Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (CAMS) using density fractionation to separate particulate organics …
Investigation Of Ozone In Urban And Rural Areas Of California,
2013
San Francisco State University
Investigation Of Ozone In Urban And Rural Areas Of California, Mia J. Hiles, David Parrish
STAR Program Research Presentations
Ozone is the air pollutant about which we have probably heard the most. Two types of ozone exist: stratospheric and tropospheric. Stratospheric ozone absorbs most of the damaging ultra-violet sunlight and tropospheric ozone comes into direct contact with life-forms and is toxic at high levels. Ozone concentration in California has been studied for over five decades, and there is a long history of control efforts. During 2010, California Air Resources Board (CARB) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) conducted a major climate and air quality study in California called CalNex 2010 (California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality …
Spectroscopic Study Of Uranium (Vi) Reduction By Plant Biomass,
2013
SUNY Cortland
Spectroscopic Study Of Uranium (Vi) Reduction By Plant Biomass, Margaret C. Murphy, John Bargar, Noémie Janot
STAR Program Research Presentations
Uranium is a common and problematic groundwater contaminant at Department of Energy legacy sites. At the former uranium ore processing plant at Rifle, Colorado, sediments rich in decayed plant biomass contain large concentrations of uranium that are slowly being released back to the aquifer. To simulate the reaction that occurs in organic rich sediments of the Rifle aquifer, biomass was incubated in U (VI) bearing groundwater. Carbon X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was then used to measure if uranium was bound to the biomass. When uranium binds to biomass the peaks in the C XAS spectra will change shape. Uranium L …
Synthesis And Computational Studies Of A New Class Of Lanthanide Niobate Cluster : [Ln4(H2O)8(So4)5(Nbo3)2]+3h2O; Ln= Dy, Tb,
2013
Western Kentucky University
Synthesis And Computational Studies Of A New Class Of Lanthanide Niobate Cluster : [Ln4(H2O)8(So4)5(Nbo3)2]+3h2O; Ln= Dy, Tb, Brady D. Garabato
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Polyoxoniobates (PONbs) are a small family of highly electron-rich clusters. The development of new solids composed of these clusters have applications in green energy and electronics. However, the high charge environment of PONbs typically requires alkaline synthetic conditions that are unsuitable for introducing other metals and organic molecules, making synthesis of new systems difficult. To date, very few transition metals and organic ligands have been incorporated into these PONb solids, and lanthanide metal inclusion, which generally improves photoconductivity due to longlived f-orbital excitations, has not yet been fully realized. Here, the synthesis of a new class of lanthanide niobate cluster …
Characterization By Nmr Of Reactants And Products Of Hydrofluoroether Isomers, Cf3(Cf2)3och3 And (Cf3)2c(F)Cf2och3, Reacting With Isopropyl Alcohol,
2013
University of Dayton
Characterization By Nmr Of Reactants And Products Of Hydrofluoroether Isomers, Cf3(Cf2)3och3 And (Cf3)2c(F)Cf2och3, Reacting With Isopropyl Alcohol, Howard Knachel, Vladimir Benin, William E. Moddeman, Janine C. Birkbeck, Thomas A. Kestner, Tayna L. Young
Chemistry Faculty Publications
The 3M Company product Novec™ 71IPA DL, a mixture of methoxyperfluorobutane, methoxyperfluoroisobutane and 4.5 wt.% isopropyl alcohol, has been found to be very stable at ambient temperature, producing fluoride at the rate of ~1 ppm/year. Our earlier kinetic and theoretical studies have identified the reaction mechanism. This paper identifies the 1H and 19F NMR chemical shifts, multiplicities, and coupling constants of reactants and the major products that result from aging the mixture in sealed Pyrex NMR tubes for periods up to 1.8 years at temperatures from 26 °C to 102 °C. Chemical shifts and coupling constants of fluorine …
Redesigned Storm Water Management System For The Portage Lakefront,
2013
Valparaiso University
Redesigned Storm Water Management System For The Portage Lakefront, Nicholas Adams, Agustin Perez Maldonado
Symposium on Research and Creative Expression (SORCE)
The work described here was carried out at the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, located near Gary, Indiana. The goal of the reported project was to fix an incorrectly designed storm water management system located at the Portage lakefront. Because the original design could not handle peak water flows, there has been erosion of the sand dunes. The erosion of the sand dunes has led to the collapsing of stairs, and the exposure of water mains. To fix these problems, a new design was made that incorporated additional water inlets, as well as a pipeline to take water to a different …
Probing The Low Temperature Oxidation Of Furanic Biofuels, 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran And 2,5-Dimethylfuran, Utilizing Orthogonal Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Coupled To Synchrotron Radiation,
2013
The University of San Francisco
Probing The Low Temperature Oxidation Of Furanic Biofuels, 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran And 2,5-Dimethylfuran, Utilizing Orthogonal Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Coupled To Synchrotron Radiation, Matthew Mcmanus
Master's Theses
Concern over natural resources and global climate shifts has increased the focus of sourcing transportation fuels from depleting oil wells to regenerative, biological based solutions. One avenue of biologically sourced fuel involves the extraction of C5 and C6 sugars from the woody, fibrous, and inedible plant materials, otherwise known as lignocellulosic biomass. These cellulosic sugars can be converted to target biofuels and biofuel additives like the furanic compounds, 2,5-dimethylfuran and 2-methylfuran. In this thesis, the low temperature oxidation of two compounds, 2,5-dimethylfuran and 2-methylfuran, are explored. These reactions were conducted at the Advanced Light Source in Berkeley, CA and used …
Aerobic Degradation Of Α-, Β-, Γ-Hexachlorocyclohexane By Narragansett Bay Bacterioplankton,
2013
University of Rhode Island
Aerobic Degradation Of Α-, Β-, Γ-Hexachlorocyclohexane By Narragansett Bay Bacterioplankton, Ian M. Rambo
Senior Honors Projects
Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) are a family of chlorinated organic compounds that were previously used as agricultural insecticides. HCHs are recognized as persistent organic pollutants due to their toxicity, recalcitrant properties, and tendency to bioaccumulate in food webs. Although HCH was first synthesized in 1825, its use was not widespread until the discovery of the insecticidal activity of the γ-HCH isomer in 1942. γ-HCH and its toxic waste isomers α-HCH and β-HCH were banned from production and use by the United Nations in 2009, yet these chemicals still present environmental problems due to their persistence in soils and surface waters. HCHs continue …
Interaction Between Lubricants Containing Phosphate Ester Additives And Stainless Steels,
2013
University of Dayton
Interaction Between Lubricants Containing Phosphate Ester Additives And Stainless Steels, David W. Johnson, Matthew Bachus, John E. Hils
Chemistry Faculty Publications
One way to improve fuel efficiency in today’s jet aircraft engines is to create an environment for higher operating temperatures and speeds. New and improved lubricants and bearing materials must be developed to remain stable in these elevated operating temperatures. Three lubricants, with varying amounts of tricresyl phosphate added as an anti-wear/extreme pressure additive were tested on two different stainless steels at varying temperatures ranging from 300 °C to 350 °C in vacuum. Significant decomposition of the lubricant base-stocks and the phosphate ester additive did occur in most of the trials resulting in the formation of carboxylic acids and phenols. …
A Combined Radio- And Stable-Isotopic Study Of A California Coastal Aquifer System,
2013
U.S. Geological Survey
A Combined Radio- And Stable-Isotopic Study Of A California Coastal Aquifer System, Peter W. Swarzenski, Mark Baskaran, Robert J. Rosenbauer, Brian D. Edwards, Michael Land
Environmental Science and Geology Faculty Research Publications
Stable and radioactive tracers were utilized in concert to characterize geochemical processes in a complex coastal groundwater system and to provide constraints on the kinetics of rock/water interactions. Groundwater samples from wells within the Dominguez Gap region of Los Angeles County, California were analyzed for a suite of major cations (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+) and anions (Cl−, SO42−), silica, alkalinity, select trace elements (Ba, B, Sr), dissolved oxygen, stable isotopes of hydrogen (δD), oxygen (δ18O), dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13CDIC), and radioactive …
A Computational Study Of The Vibrational Spectra Of Mono-Nitrated Fluoranthenes,
2013
Stephen F. Austin State University
A Computational Study Of The Vibrational Spectra Of Mono-Nitrated Fluoranthenes, Jorge Ojeda
Undergraduate Research Conference
No abstract provided.
