Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons^™

Balanced Scorecard In Healthcare Facilities: A Ten-Year Review Of Strategies To Improve Organizational Effectiveness, Larasati Tunggadewi, Sofa Dewi Alfian, Auliya A Suwantika

Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research

The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) has increasingly been adopted as a strategic performance management framework within healthcare organizations. Evidence from the past decade shows varied implementation outcomes, shaped by institutional readiness, leadership commitment, and the maturity of health information systems. This narrative review synthesizes findings from 47 scientific articles selected through a systematic screening process, covering studies conducted in hospitals, primary health centers, and pharmacy units in Indonesia, Morocco, Iran, China, and other countries. The studies employed case study and descriptive cross-sectional designs using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Overall, BSC implementation contributed to improvements in service performance across the financial, …

Exploring Protein-Protein Interactions: A Promising Avenue For Biomarker And Anti-Tb Drug Development, Rajwa Dwifauza Suryanto, Maritsa Widati Aqila Rumawan, Imam Adi Wicaksono

Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research

In 2023, tuberculosis (TB) reached its highest incidence with 8.2 million new cases reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). The virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is strongly governed by protein-protein interactions (PPIs) that regulate essential processes such as cell wall biosynthesis, immune evasion, and persistence. This study aims to map and analyze the mechanisms of key PPIs in MTB using a scoping review approach. Data was retrieved from PubChem and related literature with the keyword ``PPIs Network TB''. Our findings highlight crucial PPI-driven mechanisms, including the role of DprE1/DprE2 in arabinogalactan synthesis, VapB4/VapC4 in stress response and self-toxicity, ESX-1 …

Low To Moderate Intensity Home-Based And Online Exercise For Cognitive Health In Older Adults: A Narrative Review, Novita Salim, Melisa Intan Barliana, Anna Meiliana

Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research

Cognitive decline represents one of the most pressing public health challenges associated with global population ageing, prompting growing interest in accessible and scalable exercise-based interventions. This narrative review synthesizes evidence from 15 randomized controlled trials to compare the cognitive effects of 3 exercise modalities in older adults across varying cognitive and functional profiles: conventional aerobic and resistance training, exergame-based interventions, and dual-task or multicomponent training. Interventions were evaluated on their capacity to improve global cognition, executive function, working memory, and attention, with additional consideration of adherence, supervision format, and implementation feasibility. The evidence consistently demonstrates that dual-task and multicomponent training …

Case Report Of Mixed Liver Injury Following Five Days Exposure To Cefepime In Young Adults, Widyati Widyati, Pandu Harijono, Gunady Wibowo Rencong

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains a challenge in clinical practice and is still a diagnosis of exclusion. Although it has a low incidence amongst the general population, DILI accounts for most cases of acute liver failure with a fatality rate of up to 50%.

Case : A 56-year-old male was transferred to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with fever and severe thrombocytopenia,17,000. The patient was diagnosed with suspected sepsis and potential disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Consequently, the patient was put on cefepime, administered 2g three times daily for over 30 minutes, and combined with amikacin at 1500 mg to be …

Evaluation Of The Compliance Of Ultra-Low Dose Drugs Available In Local Iraqi Markets With Regulatory Weight Variation Test, Yousif K. Younis

Al-Mustaqbal Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Sciences

Mixing and formulation of drugs with very low dose is a brutal challenge to formulators sometimes due to all kinds of difficulties like segregation, content uniformity and physicochemical stability issues. A careful consideration of all related factors is essential during manufacturing of very low dose drug products. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality control of ultra-low dose drugs of different companies available in local Iraqi and their compliance with regulatory weight variation test. Quantitative analysis conducted to five drugs using weight variation technique with 20 randomly selected tablets for each drug. All of these drugs passed …

A Comparative Study Examining The Effects Of Nifedipine And Minoxidil On Stimulating Hair Growth Using A Mouse Model, Nihad Hussein Ahmed, Rabei Abdullah Salih, Shereen M. Mekkey

Al-Mustaqbal Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Sciences

Hair loss is a common human scalp condition caused by chemotherapy, chronic diseases, and aging. Currently, it is estimated that approximately 50% of males and 15–30% of females experience hair loss issues. Minoxidil is considered a preferred treatment for hair loss in men and women. Nifedipine is effective in improving blood circulation and blood supply via its vasodilator action. To compare nifedipine and minoxidil in terms of their effect on stimulating hair growth using a mouse model. Fifteen female albino mice, aged 8 to 10 weeks, were randomly assigned to three groups of five mice each, all with shaved dorsal …

Buccal Films As An Emerging Drug Delivery System: A Comprehensive Review, Syed Faizan Syed Nizamuddin, Nishan N. Bobade, Vikrant P. Wankhade, Sandeep C. Atram, Shrikant D. Pande, Nakul S. Dhore, Shraddha P. Malpani, Ashwin A. Pahurkar

Al-Mustaqbal Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Sciences

Oral administration through the digestive tract is still the most common means by which drugs are given, as it is simple and cheap. However, it has some biopharmaceutical limitations in general, such as varying gastrointestinal conditions, enzymatic degradation, and extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism, which decrease drug stability and bioavailability To address these challenges, drug delivery through the oral mucosa (OMDD) has emerged as a potential non-invasive option. The buccal mucosa is well supplied with blood, provides a relatively mild environment, and avoids hepatic first-pass metabolism, thereby resulting in a faster onset of action and improved bioavailability. Mucoadhesive buccal films have …

Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, And Pharmacological Potential Of Philenoptera Laxiflora: An Emerging African Medicinal Plant For Drug Discovery, Albashir Tahir

Al-Mustaqbal Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Sciences

Medicinal plants remain an important source of therapeutic agents and play a significant role in modern drug discovery. Philenoptera laxiflora (Fabaceae) is a tropical African plant widely used in traditional medicine, but the scientific evidence supporting its therapeutic potential remains fragmented. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the current knowledge on the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical composition, pharmacological activities, and toxicological profile of P. laxiflora, while highlighting research gaps and future directions for drug discovery. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic scientific databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. Relevant publications on the ethnobotany, …

Prevalence Of Medication Prescription Patterns For Iraqi Outpatients Visiting Otolaryngology Clinics, Mirna. K. Faiq

Al-Mustaqbal Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Sciences

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of drug use patterns among ENT outpatient settings in Kirkuk, Iraq. Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted in Kirkuk, Iraq, involving the collection of data from the e-Prescribing system and the review of written prescriptions, including 582 outpatient records from ENT clinics, from January 2024 to December 2024. Results: Most patients were below 20yr age (18.73%), with a male predominance (57%). Ear-related complaints like otitis media were the most frequent (35.22%). The average number of drugs per prescription was 2.82. The percentage of prescriptions in which an antibiotic was prescribed was 84.7%. The percentage …

Preparation And In-Vitro Evaluation Of Tizanidine Flash Oral Dispersible Tablet, Ahmed Yousif Fadhel, Yousif K. Younis

Al-Mustaqbal Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Sciences

Background: Oral administration is the most common and preferred route for drug delivery. Oral dispersible tablets (ODTs) are solid dosage forms that disintegrate into saliva without the need for water. Tizanidine is a centrally acting muscle relaxant used to manage spasticity from spinal or brain injuries. Preparing it as a flash (ODT) tablet may enhance patient compliance and potentially improve bioavailability by bypassing part of the first-pass metabolism. Methods: Six formulations of tizanidine flash tablets were developed using varying concentrations of mannitol (bulk-forming agent), glycine (to aid tablet collapse), and gelatin (matrix-forming agent). The formulations were evaluated for weight variation, …

Bioactive Constituents And Pharmacological Activities Of Curcuma Zedoaria: A Mini-Review, Abdulmutalib Allaq, Muneer M. Saleh Mohammed Saleh Alsayadi, Mustapha Salihu, Hasan M. Agha, Amena Hassan Hassan Gheeth, Fatimah Salim, Norrizah Jaafar Jaafar Sidik

AUIQ Complementary Biological System

Curcuma zedoaria Rosc. (white turmeric) is a rhizomatous medicinal plant in the Zingiberaceae family, widely used in traditional Asian medicine. In recent years, increasing scientific attention has focused on its diverse pharmacological properties and bioactive constituents. This mini review summarises current knowledge of the phytochemical composition and biological activities of C. zedoaria, with particular emphasis on its antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. Phytochemical investigations using analytical techniques such as GC–MS and HPLC have revealed the presence of numerous bioactive compounds, including sesquiterpenes (example, germacrone, curzerenone, and curdione) and curcuminoids, which contribute to its therapeutic potential. Experimental studies demonstrate …

Raising The Barb: Evaluation Of Phenobarbital Use For Alcohol Withdrawal In Patients On General Medicine Floors, Seth Arakawa, Jason Frederick, Anthony Le

Books, Presentations, Posters, Etc.

Abstract: Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) can present as a spectrum of symptoms such as a mild headache, gastrointestinal issues, and diaphoresis. However, if not treated properly, it can progress to severe hallucinations, seizures, or delirium tremens. Current guidelines from the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) recommend benzodiazepines as first line agents for alcohol withdrawal with phenobarbital recommended as an adjunct agent or replacement to benzodiazepines by providers who are familiar with its use. Although most evidence supporting phenobarbital in AWS comes from critical care settings, emerging data suggest it may also be safe and effective in general ward patients. …

Charity Pharmacies: An Integrative Overview Of Operations: A Continuing Education Program For Pharmacists, Stella Bertram

Honors Theses

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

The goal of this activity is to educate pharmacists about Charity Pharmacies by creating an integrative overview of their purpose, laws and regulations, processes and procedures, eligibility, and opportunities for involvement. This course will ensure pharmacists are competent in the operations involved in volunteering or working within a charitable pharmacy.

Additionally, the information provided supports pharmacists in understanding their roles as well as roles of volunteers. They will understand the importance of their role in the community and the depth of their service within Charity Pharmacies.

Score Data 2026, M. Barnard, T. Johnson, A. Ford-Wade, M. Godfrey, C. Compretta, E. Dehon, B. Wade

Faculty and Student Publications

This data file includes data for four years of Project SCORE implementation.

Coordinated Telehealth For People With Parkinson’S Disease: A Qualitative Comparison Of Providers’ And Patients’ Experiences, Erin J. Bush, Reshmi L. Singh, Josephine Cox, Merrill R. Landers, Annalisa V. Piccorelli

The Qualitative Report

Telehealth increases access to allied healthcare in rural areas. People with Parkinson’s disease (PD) need improved access to health care, and from a patient-centered perspective, the coordination of their healthcare should be a priority. Four speech-language pathologists, two physical therapists, two pharmacists, and two study coordinators provided a coordinated allied healthcare intervention for people with PD in rural Wyoming and Nevada. Both the providers of the intervention, as well as the participants who received it, were interviewed about their experiences with the eight-week intervention and asked about aspects that were successful or unsuccessful. Through a naturalistic paradigm using a qualitative …

Behavioral Effects Of Cocaine After Activation Of Cb1 Cannabinoid Receptors In Male And Female Mice, Cade Baughman, Jejun Lee, Jessica Acheampong, Jihoon Choi, Sarah Seeley, Manoranjan Dsouza

ONU Student Research Colloquium

The goal of this study was to assess the behavioral effects of cocaine following activation of CB1 cannabinoid receptors in male and female mice. This study was undertaken because recently published data suggest sex-dependent behavioral differences after CB1 receptor activation. However, the sex-dependent effects of CB1 receptor activation on the rewarding and psychomotor effects of cocaine have not been systematically evaluated. This study aimed to address this gap in knowledge. The study will use adult male and female C57BL6 mice. CB1 receptors will be activated using synthetic cannabinoid WIN 55212. Behavioral effects assessed after CB1 receptor activation will include both …

A Single Administration Of Psilocybin Is Ineffective In Reversing Ptsd-Like Sequelae In A Rat Model Of Stress-Enhanced Fear Learning, Kylie M. King, Marisa J. Savini, Noelle M. Molnar, Evelynn J. Schneider, Savannah E. Straub, Joe Parker, Lillianna P. Puppel, Aleece K. Al-Olimat, Allison M. Bach, Phillip R. Zoladz

ONU Student Research Colloquium

Single treatments with psychedelics produce rapid, long-lasting antidepressant effects. Psychedelics may also exert anxiolytic effects and be useful in treating more complex psychiatric conditions, such as PTSD. However, less is known about the impact of these agents on PTSD-related symptoms. Thus, we aimed to determine whether a single administration of psilocybin could reverse PTSD-like sequelae induced by stress-enhanced fear learning in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were placed in Context A (circular, white conditioning box) and exposed to several uncontrollable footshocks (Stress) or no footshocks (No Stress). The next day, the rats were placed in Context B (square conditioning box with clear …

Psilocybin And The Related Tryptamine, Norbaeocystin, Exert Acute Anxiogenic Effects That Depend On Sex, Marisa J. Savini, Kylie M. King, Noelle M. Molnar, Evelynn J. Schneider, Savannah E. Straub, Joe Parker, Lillianna P. Puppel, Aleece K. Al-Olimat, Allison M. Bach, Andrew Jones, Phillip R. Zoladz

ONU Student Research Colloquium

Single treatments with psychedelics have demonstrated rapid, long-lasting antidepressant effects. However, psychedelics often produce unfavorable psychoactive effects that could worsen existing psychological distress. Thus, we compared the effects of psilocybin and the related tryptamine, norbaeocystin, on anxiety-like behavior in male and female rats. In Experiment 1, rats were treated with 1 mg/kg psilocybin (PSIL), 1 mg/kg norbaeocystin (NOR), or vehicle 30 min before a 5-min trial on an elevated plus maze (EPM) or in an open field test (OFT). On the EPM, PSIL led to decreased open arm time and fewer arm entries in males and females. NOR led to …

How To Best Utilize Outcomesmtm In Patient Care Settings, Anna Spalvieri

ONU Student Research Colloquium

Pharmacies are essential for the reception and filling of prescriptions, but they can also be vital for the monitoring and managing of different patient conditions and medication regimens. Patients, especially those who are older or live with chronic conditions, can be prescribed many different medications and therapies. Inversely, they might not have the medications and therapies needed to address their conditions. ONU Healthwise Pharmacy and the pharmacy call center utilize a platform called OutcomesMTM as a way of providing Medication Therapy Management (MTM) services to help patients control their chronic conditions and manage their health. These services, delivered through phone …

Iron-Based Nanoparticles As Delivery Tools, Keykavous Parang, Rajesh Vadlapatla, Ajoy Koomer, Victoria Moran, Lanie Jackson, Amir Nasrolahi Shirazi

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Iron-based nanoparticles, particularly iron oxide nanostructures (IONPs), have emerged as versatile and clinically relevant platforms for drug delivery and theranostic applications. Among these, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), including magnetite (Fe₃O₄) and maghemite (γ-Fe₂O₃), are the most extensively investigated due to their biocompatibility, magnetic responsiveness, and established safety profiles. Their unique superparamagnetic behavior enables external magnetic-field-guided targeting, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast enhancement, and magnetically triggered hyperthermia, enabling simultaneous diagnosis and therapy. Surface functionalization with polymers, silica, lipids, peptides, and biomolecules further improves colloidal stability, circulation time, targeting specificity, and controlled drug …