Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons^™

Community Pharmacies Face Critical Sustainability Challenges In The United States: Academic Pharmacy Can Help, Karl M. Hess, Peter Lim

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Community pharmacies in the United States (US) face an increasingly unsustainable future due to declining third-party reimbursement (remuneration) and ongoing cash flow challenges following the elimination of retroactive direct and indirect remuneration (DIR) fees. These pressures have contributed to widespread pharmacy closures, the emergence of pharmacy deserts, and reduced access to care for millions of patients. Despite these challenges, community pharmacy remains the most common employment setting for pharmacy school graduates in the US. However, currently required community pharmacy Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (APPE) student rotations may offer limited exposure to business, management, and entrepreneurial activities, potentially leaving students underprepared …

The Standardization Of Protocols For Lines And Drips In Complex Cases, Allee A. Rudolph

Scholars Week

Medication errors occur far too often, yet many can be prevented through simple measures such as intravenous line labeling. Clear, highly visible labels enable quick identification reducing the response time in critical situations. The incorporation of color-coding and icons can only enhance the ability to distinguish between the lines with confidence.

Cbx6-Ca9 Axis: An Epigenetic-Metabolic Vulnerability In Glioblastoma, Keykavous Parang

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Glioblastoma (GBM) remains one of the most therapeutically recalcitrant malignancies, with median survival rarely exceeding 15 months despite maximal therapy.¹ The hypoxic tumor microenvironment drives treatment resistance through epigenetic and metabolic adaptations.²

In this issue of Molecular Therapy Oncology, the study by Wang et al.³ demonstrates a novel regulatory axis between CBX6 (chromobox 6), a polycomb group protein, and CA9 (carbonic anhydrase 9), revealing how hypoxia-driven epigenetic reprogramming promotes tumor progression and identifying a mechanistically linked pathway for therapeutic intervention in GBM.

The study by Wang et al.3 advances our understanding of how the tumor microenvironment …

Drug Procurement Methods And Challenges In Asian Low And Lower-Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review, Ferina Septiani Damanik, Anna Wahyuni Widayanti, Muhammad Qowiyul Amin

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: Pharmaceutical procurement plays a pivotal role in healthcare within Asian low and lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs), ensuring accessibility to essential, cost-effective, and high-quality medicines. Tailored approaches are imperative due to specific challenges inherent in these countries.
Objectives: This review examines several drug procurement systems in Asian countries with LLMICs while identifying and evaluating any potential challenges that might arise within the systems.
Materials and Methods: This review using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines and three search engines (PubMed, Science Direct, and Research Gate) employing Boolean search terms. The search focuses on drug procurement, medicine procurement, …

Efficacy And Safety Of Stem Cell-Based Interventions For Burn Wound Healing: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Pre-Clinical And Early Clinical Evidence, Prayuth Poowaruttanawiwit, Patsanan Kulla, Naveeya Pakpoomkamonlert

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: Burn injuries remain a major therapeutic challenge, with conventional treatments often failing to achieve complete functional skin regeneration. Stem cell-based interventions, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and exosome derivatives, have demonstrated regenerative and immunomodulatory potential, yet their translation to clinical practice remains limited.
Objectives: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of stem cell-based therapies for burn wound healing across pre-clinical and clinical studies.
Materials and Methods: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines, four databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane) were searched through April 2025. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials and controlled pre-clinical …

Characteristics Of Drug-Related Problems And The Impact Of Pharmacist Interventions On Hospital Drug Costs In The Medical Intensive Care Unit, Sirima Sitaruno, Wanrada Binyala, Pattama Phetsuk, Nisrin Ni-Ngoh, Worakarn Nukong, Asama Saiwaree, Nawaporn Assanangkornchai, Tanatape Wanishayakorn

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: Pharmaceutical care activities have been reported to enhance treatment outcomes and cost-effectiveness in critically ill patients. However, relevant and timely data on this topic are still lacking in Thailand.
Objectives: The objective of the study is to investigate the characteristics of drug-related problems (DRPs) identified during pharmaceutical care activities at the medical intensive care unit (MICU) of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Thailand. In addition, we aimed to quantify the impact of pharmacist interventions on hospital drug costs.
Materials and Methods: DRPs identified during pharmaceutical care activities over 3 years were reviewed and classified by the Pharmaceutical Care …

Optimization Of Solvent Extraction For Polyphenols And Antioxidant Activity From Zanthoxylum Acanthopodium Leaves Using Simplex Centroid Design, Waras Nurcholis, Indah Z. Septiawati, Roni Kartiman, Surya Diantina

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC., locally known as andaliman, is an indigenous spice from North Sumatra, Indonesia, recognized for its high antioxidant potential. Despite its bioactive richness, optimization of solvent extraction for phenolic and flavonoid compounds from its leaves remains underexplored, even though these compounds are valuable for food and pharmaceutical applications. The use of solvents such as acetone in analytical extraction contexts is acceptable; however, further purification steps would be required for applications in food and pharmaceutical products.
Objectives: The main objective of this study was to optimize solvent combinations – comprising water, ethanol, and acetone – to maximize the …

Pharmacognostic Analysis And Thin-Layer Chromatographic Study Of The Thai Antipyretic Herbal Formula Khiao-Bencha-Khan, Sirinapa Chaisri, Tassanee Paraput, Pravit Akarasereenont, Pinpat Tripatara

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: Khiao-bencha-khan formula (KBF) is an herbal formula recorded in Thai scriptures and used to treat fever, including exanthematous fever, and aphthous ulcers. It consists of Limnophila rugosa (Roth) Merr., Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst., Gossypium arboreum L., Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth., Eupatorium japonicum L., and Justicia gendarussa Burm.f.
Objectives: This study aimed to identify the pharmacognostic and chemical profiles of the herbal components found in KBF.
Methods: All authentic plant materials were collected, and samples were prepared under Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme/good manufacturing practice guidelines. The materials were identified using macroscopic, microscopic, and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) methods.
Results: Microscopic analysis …

Design Of Experiments Based Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method For Estimation Of Metformin And Glimepiride In Combined Dosage Forms, Neela Manish Bhatia, Rachana Patil, Harinath More, Rutuja Dattatray Chougale

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: The present study aimed to systematically develop and validate a robust, rapid, and stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the simultaneous estimation of metformin and glimepiride in fixeddose combination tablets. Method development was guided by a design of experiments (DoE) approach using the Box-Behnken design (BBD) to ensure optimal analytical performance.
Materials and Methods: Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Cosmosil C18 column using an optimized mobile phase of acetonitrile and water (80:20, v/v) adjusted to pH 3.5. The flow rate was 1 mL/min, and detection was performed at 221 nm. The BBD approach systematically evaluated the …

Development Of Aqueous Dispersions Of Zein–Inulin Nanoparticles: Influence Of Formulation Variables On Physical Properties, Wanarat Sayamol, Supakarn Chamni, Jittima Chatchawalsaisin

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: Zein-based nanoparticles exhibit considerable potential for pharmaceutical and food applications. Incorporating inulin, a prebiotic polysaccharide, can improve their functional performance. Owing to the distinct solubilities of zein and inulin in aqueous ethanol, zein– inulin nanoparticles can be prepared through precipitation using their respective anti-solvents.
Objectives: This study aimed to systematically develop zein–inulin nanoparticles using the antisolvent precipitation method, with a focus on investigating the effects of formulation variables on particle characteristics and dispersion properties.
Materials and Methods: Zein–inulin nanoparticles were prepared using an anti-solvent precipitation method. Zein and inulin were separately dissolved in aqueous ethanol and water, respectively. The …

Medicines Security And Bioprospecting: A Future Agenda For Pharmaceutical Research, Geoffrey A. Cordell

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Humanity is at an extraordinary moment in history, where our interwoven future in Gaia depends on showing reverence for the modulation of our resource limits after significant losses of biodiversity and encroaching environmental change, including disappearing glaciers, rising sea levels, and changing climates. Engaging with the interconnectedness of all life on Earth and integrating sustainability and optimization of the valuable, renewable resources for future generations are essential beginning actions. Fostering economic and resource sustainability deepens the focus for contemporary research priorities toward assuring access to biological agents needed by the consumer/patient. Based on the outcomes of the COP28/29/30 and COP15/16 …

Protocol For Spatial Profiling Of Immune Cells In The Mouse Cornea And Conjunctiva Using Nanostring Geomx Dsp And Ncounterpro Platforms, Lois Kim, Karthikeyan Ramasamy, Ajay Sharma

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Quantification of immune cells and their activation status in a spatially specific manner in a healthy or diseased tissue is a valuable tool in immunology. Here, we present a protocol for the spatial profiling of immune cells in the mouse cornea and conjunctiva. We describe steps for immunostaining with photocleavable oligonucleotide-conjugated antibodies, selecting regions of interest (ROIs), and collecting UV-cleaved oligonucleotides using GeoMx DSP. We then detail procedures for hybridizing collected oligonucleotides, cartridge blotting using nCounter Pro Prep, data acquisition, and data analysis.

Receptor-Mediated Drug Delivery: Redefining Targeted Drug Conjugates In Oncology, Keon Niles Jafari, Charlene Chai, Shelby Kim, Kamaljit Kaur

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Targeted drug delivery (TDD), specifically through targeting ligand–drug conjugates, has reshaped oncology by enabling selective delivery of cytotoxic payloads to cancer cells while minimizing uptake by normal tissues. A key approach relies on exploiting overexpressed cell surface receptors (CSRs) to enable selective uptake of drug conjugates via receptor-mediated endocytosis. This review delineates four clinically validated CSRs (HER2, Trop-2, Nectin-4, and SSTR2) with several FDA-approved drug conjugates. Furthermore, emerging CSRs (EGFR, DLL3, and keratin 1) that may support next-generation TDD platforms for cancer treatment are also highlighted. We discuss how CSR type, density on cancer cells, and its mechanism of endocytosis, …

Periodontal Biomarkers In Cardiovascular Disease: Mechanisms, Diagnostics, And Clinical Implications, Max Foroughi, Keykavous Parang

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Purpose

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition increasingly associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) beyond shared risk factors. This review evaluates evidence linking periodontal inflammation to cardiovascular outcomes and identifies periodontal biomarkers with potential relevance for cardiovascular risk assessment.

Methods

A narrative review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, including studies published between 1990 and 2025. Epidemiological, clinical, and mechanistic studies examining associations between periodontal disease, inflammatory and microbial biomarkers, and cardiovascular outcomes were included. Biomarkers were categorized as inflammatory cytokines, acute-phase proteins, oxidative stress markers, lipid mediators, and microbial indicators. Evidence regarding periodontal therapy and …

Role Of Plants And Phytochemicals In Promoting Proliferation And Osteogenic Differentiation Of Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Comprehensive Review, Hala El-Zahar, Essam Abdel-Sattar, Marwa Yousry Moustafa Issa, Shereen N. Raafat, Noha Swilam

Dentistry

Abstract Objectives Dental mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising source for regenerative medicine due to their accessibility and capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts and other lineages. Osteogenic differentiation of dental MSCs is essential for bone formation and is regulated by multiple signaling pathways, cytokines, growth fac‑ tors, and transcription factors. This review aims to summarize the effects of plant-derived extracts and phytochemicals on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of dental MSCs. Methods In this review, an extensive literature search was conducted covering studies from the past 10 years, using different online databases (SCOPUS, Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, …

Real-World Comparison Of Intravenous Vs. Oral Antimicrobial Therapy For Bone And Joint Infections, Maura Kreiser, Sarah Al Mansi, Ismaeel Yunusa Ph.D., Caroline Derrick, P. Brandon Bookstaver Pharm.D., Majdi N. Al-Hasan, Yorika Hammett, Morgan Pizzuti

Faculty Publications

Well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated safe and effective use of oral antimicrobial therapy for bone and joint infections. Application of data for implementation into real-world practice, however, has inherent challenges. This retrospective cohort study compared real-world use of intravenous versus oral antimicrobial therapy in bone and joint infections within a large healthcare system comprising both academic and community medical centers. The primary outcome was the proportion of treatment failure. Key secondary outcomes included the proportion of patients with logistical failure and risk factors associated with treatment and logistical failure. Among 166 patients included, 136 (82%) and 30 (18%) …

Gadolinium Nanoparticles: Emerging Platforms Beyond Imaging For Drug Delivery And Theranostics, Amir Nasrolahi Shirazi, Rajesh Vadlapatla, Ajoy Koomer, Heyam Zayed, Paris Marabut, Keykavous Parang

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Gadolinium nanoparticles (GdNPs) have gained increasing attention as multifunctional metal-based nanoplatforms that extend far beyond their traditional use as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Their specific magnetic properties, tunable physicochemical features, and tunable biocompatibilities with biocompatible coatings give them great potential as drug delivery and theranostic applications. They offer greater stability, lower systemic toxicity, and more surface modification options compared to molecular gadolinium chelates. The functionalized GdNPs not only show excellent properties as drug carriers for their specific indications but also serve as agents in various imaging modalities with superior therapeutic efficacy by means of radio sensitization and magnetically …

Assessment Of Antimicrobial Transition Errors From Hospitals To Skilled Nursing Facilities, Amy Y. Kang, Guarina A. Garcia Delgado, Ashley Nguyen, Maddie Yeh, Tracy Ly, Richard C. Beuttler, Abisay Ortega, Donna Phan Tran, Evelyn Flores, Charis Tjeong, Andrew Bishop, Praneet Kalkat, Loren G. Miller

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background More than 1 million Americans reside in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs). Antimicrobial transition errors among patients transferred from hospital to SNFs pose safety risks and may lead to poor outcomes, but data on such errors are limited.   Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of infectious diseases clinics from 1 June 2020 through 30 November 2023 at the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, a large safety-net health system. We performed logistic regression analyses to identify factors associated with antimicrobial transition errors and poor infection outcomes.   Results We screened records of 6865 clinic patients, among whom 112 were …

Improving Hba1c And Diabetes Preventative Screening Measures In Spanish-Speaking Patients With Clinical Pharmacist Care: A Quality Improvement Initiative, Jennifer Ko, Tila P. Nguyen, Bonnie K. Chen, Richard Beuttler

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

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Pacific Rxtracts - March 2026, Pacific Rxtracts

Pacific RxTracts

Articles:

• FDA Approves Zycubo as First Treatment for Menkes Disease
• A Step Toward New Lung Treatment - FDA Expands Nerandomilast Approval
• Olezarsen for Severe Hypertriglyceridemia and Pancreatitis Prevention
• Increasing Accessibility of Treatment for Hepatitis C Through Telemedicine
• Efficacy of a Shortened Romosozumab Therapy followed by Denosumab in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
• Renal Outcomes of SGLT2 Inhibitors vs. GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in T2D
• Plozasiran, A Novel Therapy for Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome
• Incretin Agonists and Reduced CPAP Use in Obesity-Related Obstructive Sleep Apnea
• Icotrokinra: A Novel Oral Therapy for Plaque Psoriasis
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Pediatric Major Depressive Disorder: Limited Benefit as Adjunctive Therapy …