Identification Of Expression And Function Of The Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor In Gastrointestinal Smooth Muscle, 2017 Virginia Commonwealth University
Identification Of Expression And Function Of The Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor In Gastrointestinal Smooth Muscle, Alexander T. May
Theses and Dissertations
In response to ingestion of nutrients, enteroendocrine L cells secrete the incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), to enhance glucose-dependent insulin release. Therapies related to GLP-1 are approved for type 2 diabetes. The GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is expressed in cells of the gastrointestinal tract and elsewhere. In pancreatic beta cells, GLP-1R are coupled to the Gs/cAMP/PKA pathway. The expression and function of GLP-1R in gastrointestinal smooth muscle are not known. Aim. To test the hypothesis that GLP-1 regulates smooth muscle function by acting on GLP-1R expressed on smooth muscle. Methods. Smooth muscle cells (SMC) were isolated and cultured. Expression of GLP-1R …
Bleeding Meckel's Diverticulum In Children: The Diagnostic Value Of Double-Balloon Enteroscopy., 2017 Children's Mercy Hospital
Bleeding Meckel's Diverticulum In Children: The Diagnostic Value Of Double-Balloon Enteroscopy., Lan-Lan Geng, Pei-Yu Chen, Qiang Wu, Hui-Wen Li, Ding-You Li, Min Yang, Si-Tang Gong
Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers
Background. Meckel's diverticulum (MD) is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value and safety of double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) for bleeding MD in children. Methods. We included consecutive children who were highly suspected of MD between 2012 and 2013. All patients underwent Meckel's scan. DBE was performed for patient with negative Meckel's scan. An exploratory laparoscopy was performed in children with positive Meckel's scan or DBE. Results. 42 patients met the inclusion criteria. 40 patients were confirmed to have MD by exploratory laparoscopy. Meckel's scan …
Effects Of Prebiotics On Gut Bacterial Communities And Healing Of Induced Colitis In Mice, 2016 University of Southern Mississippi
Effects Of Prebiotics On Gut Bacterial Communities And Healing Of Induced Colitis In Mice, Krystyn Elizabeth Davis
Master's Theses
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) cause chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and debilitating symptoms in those suffering from the diseases. After inducing colitis in a mouse model using Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS), prebiotics inulin and oligofructose enriched inulin (OEI) were used as treatments to determine their effects on the gut microbial community, physiological healing process, and immune response in the mice after initial inflammation and before subsequent inflammation, or relapse. The treatment with inulin led to an increase in regulatory T cell number, but this increase was not as significant as the increase induced by the OEI. Inulin increased the …
Outcomes After Pediatric Fundoplication: Defining The Redo Population, 2016 Children's Mercy Hospital
Outcomes After Pediatric Fundoplication: Defining The Redo Population, J E. Baerg, E E. Perrone, R A. Vannix, D L. Thorpe, A Gasior, Shawn D. St Peter
Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers
Objective: The aims were to compare outcome variables in children with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and one Nissen fundoplication to children with redo fundoplications and define the pediatric redo population. Methods: After IRB approval (#5100277), a case control study was conducted of children younger than 18 years, from two children’s hospitals, with one Nissen fundoplication (control group) or a redo performed between January 1995 and March 2011. Complete data were collected by phone calls to caregivers in December 2012. Only redo operations performed after recurrence of GERD symptoms and wrap herniation into the mediastinum confirmed by contrast radiograph were included. …
Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Colorectal Cancer And Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Links., 2016 George Washington University
Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Colorectal Cancer And Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Links., Abdo Jurjus, Assad Eid, Sahar Al Kattar, Marie Noel Zeenny, Alice Gerges-Geagea, Rosalyn A. Jurjus, +10 Additional Authors
Anatomy and Regenerative Biology Faculty Publications
The co-occurrence of the three disease entities, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), colorectal cancer (CRC), type 2diabetes mellitus (T2DM) along with inflammation and dismicrobism has been frequently reported. Some authors have even suggested that dysbiosis could be the link through a molecular crosstalk of multiple inflammatory loops including TGFβ, NFKB, TNFα and ROS among others. This review focuses on the inflammatory process along with the role of microbiota in the pathophysiology of the three diseases. The etiology of IBD is multifactorial, and like CRC and T2DM, it is associated with a widespread and sustained GI inflammation and dismicrobism, whereby an array …
The Mysteries Of Your Blood, 2016 Butler University
The Mysteries Of Your Blood, Alexandra J. Mauer
BU Well
Did you know that your blood type can be useful for determining disease susceptibility and even creating a diet that works best for your personal metabolism? The Mysteries of your Blood is an article that delves into the science behind the ABO blood types and explains why your body can handle certain foods, stress, and illness differently than someone with a different blood type. It proposes a new, perplexing way to determine how to avoid certain health problems while at the same time offering suggestions of what to eat or, rather, what to avoid eating.
Chronic Pancreatitis, Pain, And Anxiety In An Alcohol And High Fat Mouse Model, 2016 University of Kentucky
Chronic Pancreatitis, Pain, And Anxiety In An Alcohol And High Fat Mouse Model, Tiffanie Clinkinbeard
Theses and Dissertations--Gerontology
Homeodynamic space (HDS) shrinks as vulnerability increases with aging and repeated damage to the cells. HDS is lost in alcoholic pancreatitis patients due to overconsumption of alcohol, smoking, and high fat diets. Etiologically relevant animal models for study of chronic pancreatitis (CP) are needed. In order to begin filling this gap a central purpose of this dissertation research was to examine relationships between the alcohol and high fat diet (AHF) and pancreatitis with attention to hypersensitivity and anxiety-like behaviors. The AHF diet induced pancreatitis described here etiologically mimics human risk factors of AHF consumption for advancement to alcoholic CP.
In …
Measurement Of The Absolute Magnitude And Time Courses Of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential In Primary And Clonal Pancreatic Beta-Cells, 2016 Touro University California
Measurement Of The Absolute Magnitude And Time Courses Of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential In Primary And Clonal Pancreatic Beta-Cells, Akos Gerencser, Shona A. Mookerjee, Martin Jastroch, Martin D. Brand
Faculty Publications & Research of the TUC College of Pharmacy
The aim of this study was to simplify, improve and validate quantitative measurement of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔψM) in pancreatic β-cells. This built on our previously introduced calculation of the absolute magnitude of ΔψM in intact cells, using time-lapse imaging of the non-quench mode fluorescence of tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester and a bis-oxonol plasma membrane potential (ΔψP) indicator. ΔψM is a central mediator of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. ΔψM is at the crossroads of cellular energy production and demand, therefore precise assay of its magnitude is a valuable tool to study how these processes interplay in insulin secretion. …
The Relationship Between Problem-Solving Ability/Eating Motivation And Perceived Quality Of Life In Individuals Diagnosed With Celiac Disease, 2016 Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine
The Relationship Between Problem-Solving Ability/Eating Motivation And Perceived Quality Of Life In Individuals Diagnosed With Celiac Disease, Vincenzo Zaccheo
PCOM Psychology Dissertations
Celiac disease (CD) is a digestive disorder resulting from gluten intolerance that leads to damage of the small intestine. The only current available treatment for CD involves adherence to a strict gluten-free diet. Due to the restrictive nature of this treatment diet, and the increasing prevalence of CD in recent years, much research has been conducted examining factors that impact the quality of life (QOL) of individuals with CD. However, there has been a dearth of literature identifying those factors which can be modified within a treatment setting. Thus, a need for further research in this area was identified. Through …
Medical Students In Microscopic Anatomy And Pathology Laboratories: Design Of An E-Learning Histology And Histopathology Atlas As An Evolving Response To Interdisciplinary Pre-Clinical Curricular Needs, 2015 George Washington University
Medical Students In Microscopic Anatomy And Pathology Laboratories: Design Of An E-Learning Histology And Histopathology Atlas As An Evolving Response To Interdisciplinary Pre-Clinical Curricular Needs, Michelle S. Davis, Alexandra Mills, Gisela Butera, Donald S. Karcher, Patricia S. Latham, Janette Krum, Rosalyn A. Jurjus
Anatomy and Regenerative Biology Faculty Publications
E-learning, also known as computer-assisted learning, successfully bridges anatomical knowledge and transferrable skills, such as critical analysis, teamwork, leadership and communication. Several institutions have already integrated histology and physiology in team based laboratory approaches, but integration of histology and pathology instruction has been done to a lesser extent. Our aim was to develop an e-learning atlas that integrates microanatomy and pathology laboratory for an interdisciplinary pre-clinical medical curriculum.
A multidisciplinary team of teaching faculty and students developed an online atlas (microanatomyatlas.com) that includes a library of histology and histopathology images. Traditional laboratory manual instructions and study objectives were added onto …
Impact Of Starch Source On Equine Hindgut Microbial Ecology, 2015 University of Kentucky
Impact Of Starch Source On Equine Hindgut Microbial Ecology, Brittany Elizabeth Davis Harlow
Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences
Grain inclusion in equine diets can allow starch to reach the hindgut where bacteria compete for the substrate. The hypothesis was that starch introduction would cause a source-dependent press disturbance in equine fecal microflora. Fecal cell suspensions were prepared by differential centrifugation and re-suspension in media with ground corn, oats or wheat. At 24 h, corn had more amylolytics and Group D Gram-positive cocci (GPC), and fewer lactate-utilizing (LU) bacteria and lactobacilli than oats, with wheat being intermediate. Predominant amylolytics were identified by their 16S RNA gene sequence as Enterococcus faecalis (corn, wheat) and Streptococcus bovis (oats). In an in …
Formulating Effective And Accessible Population-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening Programs, 2014 SIT Study Abroad
Formulating Effective And Accessible Population-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening Programs, Danielle Luffman
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
Colorectal cancer, a type of carcinoma originating in cells of the colon or rectum, continues to rank as the third most prevalent cancer worldwide with 1.36 million cases and the fourth most fatal with 693,881 deaths during 2012. In an attempt to alleviate the burden of colorectal cancer throughout society, governments and non-governmental organizations continue to implement population-based cancer screening programs. These programs, typically designed by a federal authority, offer free screening tests to a given population for a certain type of cancer on a routine basis. National systematic screening programs have effectively reduced the incidence of and mortality from …
Rare Presentation Of Pancreatitis Secondary To Intussusception Of Duodenal Duplication Cyst, A Pediatric Case Report, 2014 Children's Mercy Hospital
Rare Presentation Of Pancreatitis Secondary To Intussusception Of Duodenal Duplication Cyst, A Pediatric Case Report, Valentina Shakhnovich, Jennifer Colombo, Amita A. Desai, Shawn D. St Peter
Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers
No abstract provided.
Uhplc-Ms/Ms Analysis Of Arachidonic Acid And 10 Of Its Major Cytochrome P450 Metabolites As Free Acids In Rat Livers: Effects Of Hepatic Ischemia, 2014 Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
Uhplc-Ms/Ms Analysis Of Arachidonic Acid And 10 Of Its Major Cytochrome P450 Metabolites As Free Acids In Rat Livers: Effects Of Hepatic Ischemia, Vindhya Edpuganti, Reza Mehvar
Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research
The cytochrome P450 metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA) are mostly present in tissues, such as the liver, as bound to phospholipids, with only a small fraction available as free acids. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a UHPLC-MS/MS method for quantitation of free liver concentrations of AA and four epoxygenated (5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-EET), four dihydroxylated (5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-DHET), and two ω/(ω-1) hydroxylated (19- and 20- HETEs) metabolites of AA in rat livers using deuterated internal standards. The analytes were rapidly and efficiently (79-92%) recovered from 100 mg of fresh liver into methanol. …
Pathscan Enabler At Md Anderson Cancer Center, 2014 M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
Pathscan Enabler At Md Anderson Cancer Center, George Mcnamara
George McNamara
McNamara 20140703 - Additional Pathscan and Tiki_Goddess related resources
http://works.bepress.com/gmcnamara/52
http://home.earthlink.net/~tiki_goddess/
http://works.bepress.com/gmcnamara/1/
http://works.bepress.com/gmcnamara/11/
https://www.linkedin.com/in/georgemcnamara
Our Pathscan Enabler IV, delivered July 2014, uses the QuickScan software to scan a histology slide in "two clicks" (after loading the
slide):
1. Push the QuickScan button on the front of the Pathscan Enabler.
2. Click the Scan button in the QuickScan pop-up application (optional: change scan area in the Prescan image window).
The image gets saved as a TIFF file to the Windows 7 (64-bit) desktop.
I have been using Pathscan Enabler's since version I in 2000. See Chantrain et al 2003:
Chantrain CF, …
Chylomicrons Produced By Caco-2 Cells Contained Apob-48 With Diameter Of 80-200 Nm, 2014 East Tennessee State University
Chylomicrons Produced By Caco-2 Cells Contained Apob-48 With Diameter Of 80-200 Nm, Andromeda M. Nauli, Yuxi Sun, Judy D. Whittimore, Seif Atyia, Guha Krishnaswamy, Surya M. Nauli
Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research
The small intestine generally transports dietary fats to circulation in triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins. The two main intestinal lipoproteins are chylomicron (CM) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Unfortunately, studies on the CM biogenesis and intestinal transport of dietary fats have been hampered by the lack of an adequate in vitro model. In this study, we investigated the possible factors that might increase the efficiency of CM production by Caco-2 cells. We utilized sequential NaCl gradient ultracentrifugation to isolate the CMs that were secreted by the Caco-2 cells. To confirm the successful isolation of the CMs, we performed Fat Red 7B staining, …
State-By-State Variation In Emergency Versus Elective Colon Resections: Room For Improvement., 2013 Children's Mercy Hospital
State-By-State Variation In Emergency Versus Elective Colon Resections: Room For Improvement., Augustine C. Obirieze, Mehreen Kisat, Caitlin W. Hicks, Tolulope A. Oyetunji, Eric B. Schneider, Darrell J. Gaskin, Elliott R. Haut, David T. Efron, Edward E. Cornwell, Adil H. Haider
Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers
BACKGROUND: Compared with elective surgical procedures, emergency procedures are associated with higher cost, morbidity, and mortality. This study seeks to investigate potential state-by-state variations in the incidence of emergent versus elective colon resections.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all adult patients (aged ≥18 years) included in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2005 to 2009 who underwent hemicolectomy (right or left) or sigmoidectomy was conducted. Discharge-level weights were applied, and generalized linear models were used to assess the odds of a patient undergoing emergent versus elective colon surgery nationally and for each state after adjusting for patient and hospital factors. Odds …
Incomplete Polyp Resection During Colonoscopy—Results Of The Complete Adenoma Resection (Care) Study, 2013 Dartmouth College
Incomplete Polyp Resection During Colonoscopy—Results Of The Complete Adenoma Resection (Care) Study, Heiko Pohl, Amitabh Srivastava, Steve P. Bensen, Peter Anderson, Richard I. Rothstein, Stuart R. Gordon, L Campbell Levy, Arifa Toor, Todd A. Mackenzie, Thomas Rosch, Douglas J. Robertson
Dartmouth Scholarship
Although the adenoma detection rate is used as a measure of colonoscopy quality, there are limited data on the quality of endoscopic resection of detected adenomas. We determined the rate of incompletely resected neoplastic polyps in clinical practice.We performed a prospective study on 1427 patients who underwent colonoscopy at 2 medical centers and had at least 1 nonpedunculated polyp (5-20 mm). After polyp removal was considered complete macroscopically, biopsies were obtained from the resection margin. The main outcome was the percentage of incompletely resected neoplastic polyps (incomplete resection rate [IRR]) determined by the presence of neoplastic tissue in post-polypectomy biopsies. …
Composition Of The Adult Digestive Tract Bacterial Microbiome Based On Seven Mouth Surfaces, Tonsils, Throat And Stool Samples, 2012 Harvard University
Composition Of The Adult Digestive Tract Bacterial Microbiome Based On Seven Mouth Surfaces, Tonsils, Throat And Stool Samples, Nicola Segata, Susan Kinder Haake, Peter Mannon, Katherine P. Lemon, Levi Waldron, Dirk Gevers, Curtis Huttenhower, Jacques Izard
Publications and Research
Background: To understand the relationship between our bacterial microbiome and health, it is essential to define the microbiome in the absence of disease. The digestive tract includes diverse habitats and hosts the human body’s greatest bacterial density. We describe the bacterial community composition of ten digestive tract sites from more than 200 normal adults enrolled in the Human Microbiome Project, and metagenomically determined metabolic potentials of four representative sites.
Results: The microbiota of these diverse habitats formed four groups based on similar community compositions: buccal mucosa, keratinized gingiva, hard palate; saliva, tongue, tonsils, throat; sub- and supra-gingival plaques; and stool. …
Hearts And Minds: Examining The Evolution Of The Egyptian Excerebration And Evisceration Traditions Through The Impact Mummy Database, 2012 The University of Western Ontario
Hearts And Minds: Examining The Evolution Of The Egyptian Excerebration And Evisceration Traditions Through The Impact Mummy Database, Andrew D. Wade
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Egyptian mummification and funerary rituals were a transformative process, making the deceased a pure being; free of disease, injury, and disfigurements, as well as ethical and moral impurities. Consequently, the features of mummification available to specific categories of individuals hold social and ideological significance. This study refutes long-held classical stereotypes, particularly dogmatic class associations; demonstrates the apocryphal nature of universal heart retention; and expands on the purposes of excerebration and evisceration implied by synthetic and radiological analyses.
Features of the embalming traditions, specifically the variable excerebration and evisceration traditions, represented the Egyptian view of death. Fine-grain analyses, through primary imaging …