Effects Of Agropastoral Systems On Microbially Bound Phosphorus In Low P Acid Soils,
2024
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne
Effects Of Agropastoral Systems On Microbially Bound Phosphorus In Low P Acid Soils, A Oberson, D K. Friesen, C Morel, H Tiessen, E Frossard
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The effect of agropastoral systems replacing native savanna on microbially bound phosphorus (Pmic) in low P acid soils was investigated. Chloroform released P (PChl) was measured to estimate Pmic. In a long-term improved pasture experiment, PChl was higher in grass-legume (GL) than grass-only pasture (GO). Although the P balance was slightly higher in GO than in GL, available P contents followed the same trend as PChl suggesting that the presence of legumes enhances the maintenance of P fertility. In a rice-pasture system, PChl was higher than under rice monocrop indicating an effect of the cropping system on PChl that goes …
Potassium Release From Clays By Biosignal Of Grass Root Exudates,
2024
Kobe University
Potassium Release From Clays By Biosignal Of Grass Root Exudates, S Suzuki
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective of this study was to clarify that the root exudates of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) expand the basal spacing of hydroxy potassium vermiculite (K-Vt) in the rhizosphere model with a clay-agar system, and to discuss that the action of the root exudates is regarded as a biosignal to release potassium ions from the interlayers of vermiculite clays.
Effect Of Slurry Application On Cell Wall Components And Silage Intake By Sheep Of Italian Ryegrass And Triticale,
2024
National Grassland Research Institute, Japan
Effect Of Slurry Application On Cell Wall Components And Silage Intake By Sheep Of Italian Ryegrass And Triticale, H Kawamoto, N Shimizu, R Uegaki, R Kobayashi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The study was to elucidate the effect of application of slurry manure from dairy cows on chemical components, the rumen degradation characteristics and silage intake by sheep of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and Triticale ( rye-wheat hybrid). The amounts of application of slurry were 0, 50, 100 and 150 t/ha. The increasing level of slurry application resulted in a decrease of lower digestible cell wall and an increase of degradation rate. The silage of 150 t /ha treatment was significantly more consumed by sheep than the other treatments (p<0.05). The changes in cell wall components in both quantity and quality by the slurry application were advantageous to the increase of voluntary dry matter intake of the forage.
Different Response Of Lucerne (Medicago Sativa L.) Cultivars To P And Zn Fertilization And Susceptibility To Phosphorus-Induced Zinc Deficiency On Calcareous Soils, Gansu, China,
2024
China-Australia Gansu Grassland Agriculture Systems Research
Different Response Of Lucerne (Medicago Sativa L.) Cultivars To P And Zn Fertilization And Susceptibility To Phosphorus-Induced Zinc Deficiency On Calcareous Soils, Gansu, China, Chen Wen, Graham Eagleton, Graeme Blair
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The three pot experiments were carried out at the Qingyang Research Station, Gansu, China to determine the yield response of P and Zn, and examine the effect of soil types on P and Zn requirement of the local and introduced lucerne cultivars in the establishment phase on calcareous soils. The results showed marked growth and dry matter yield benefit at lucerne establishment when P fertiliser was applied on both soils. There were no consistent difference among the three cultivars in response to added P. A significant shoot yield response to Zn was only recorded at high P supply in the …
Application Of N And P Fertilizers On Pasture Of Southern Italy: Effects On Forage Species, Production And Quality,
2024
Istituto Sperirnentale Agronomico
Application Of N And P Fertilizers On Pasture Of Southern Italy: Effects On Forage Species, Production And Quality, D Ferri, G Convertini
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The effects of N and P fertilization on the productive and qualitative characteristics of improved pastures in inside Southern Italy areas were investigated. The trial was carried out in two sites characterized by different altitude above sea level and soil properties; also previous fertilization treatments and botanical composition characteristics are significantly different. The N fertilization reduced negative effects of climatic variations (typical of these areas) on botanical composition of “Bella” grassland at lower altitude. On the contrary a more stable botanical composition assured good yields and quality of forage at “Li Foy” field (higher a.s.l.) because more regular weather conditions …
Sulphur And Phosphorus Responses Of Russell Lupin In Rangeland,
2024
Lincoln University
Sulphur And Phosphorus Responses Of Russell Lupin In Rangeland, P Jarvis, R J. Lucas, J.G. H. White
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Russell lupin (Lupinus polyphyllus) was established by oversowing into low fertility, depleted tussock rangeland in 1990. The soil was low in phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S). P, (O, 12.5, 25 or 50 kg P /ha) and S (0 or 60 kg S/ha) were applied at sowing. In May 1994, a further 0 or 60 kg S /ha was applied as a sub-plot treatment. Lupin and grass dry matter (DM) was assessed in December 1995. Lupin did not grow in the absence of S. Lupin and grass responded to the additional S giving a maximum of 4.2 and 4.9 …
Raster Map For Prediction Of Heading Date Of Timothy By Nonparametric Dvr Method,
2024
Hokkaido National Agricultural Experiment Station
Raster Map For Prediction Of Heading Date Of Timothy By Nonparametric Dvr Method, T Saigusa, K Nakashima, N Noshiro, M Tsutsumi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A system for making a raster map for predicting the heading date of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) at first cutting for every 1km2 plot was developed to supply information for smooth harvest of forage of good quality in a dairy farming area of Hokkaido. Daily mean air temperature for every 1km2 plot was estimated with data from a network of meteorological observatories and data base of the Japan Meteorological Agency. Day length could be calculated from latitude and calendar day. Using these two environmental factors, heading date of timothy at first cutting for each area was predicted by nonparametric DVR …
Long-Term Effects Of Co2 Enrichment And Temperate Increase On Forage Quality In A Temperate Grass,
2024
SRNH, INRA
Long-Term Effects Of Co2 Enrichment And Temperate Increase On Forage Quality In A Temperate Grass, J F. Soussana, J M. Besle, I Chabaux, P Loiseau, P C. De Faccio Carvalho
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Perennial ryegrass swards were grown during two years at two N fertilizer supplies in elevated (700 ppm) or ambient atmospheric CO2 concentration at outdoor temperature and at + 3°C in elevated CO2. Elevated CO2 and temperature increase had only minor impacts on the digestibility and on the fiber composition of the cut material. On average, the water soluble carbohydrate concentration of the leaf laminae was doubled in elevated CO2, whereas a 3°C temperature increase reduced this concentration by 25 %.
Co2 Enrichment And Temperature Effects On Productivity Of Field-Grown Phalaris And Subterranean Clover,
2024
CSIRO
Co2 Enrichment And Temperature Effects On Productivity Of Field-Grown Phalaris And Subterranean Clover, J M. Lilley, T P. Bolger, R M. Gifford
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Pure and mixed swards of Phalaris aquatica and Trifolium subterraneum were exposed to cool (ambient) and warm (cool +3oC) temperatures, at both 380 and 690 ppm CO2 concentrations in field temperature gradient tunnels for 5 months. In general, clover and the mixture had similar forage productivity in each treatment, while phalaris was less productive. Elevated CO2 increased clover production 40% in the monoculture and the mixture. Higher temperatures reduced clover regrowth at ambient CO2 and reduced the response to elevated CO2 in the monoculture but not in the mixture. In contrast, phalaris regrowth in the monoculture was not increased by …
Growth Response Of Australian Temperate Pasture Species To Co2 Enrichment,
2024
CSIRO
Growth Response Of Australian Temperate Pasture Species To Co2 Enrichment, T P. Bolger, J M. Lilley, R M. Gifford, J R. Donnelly
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Growth responses to a doubling of the atmospheric CO2 concentration for 15 species represented in temperate pastures of southern Australia were investigated in a glasshouse experiment. The final dry weight increase due to CO2 enrichment averaged 34% across species but varied widely. The variation in CO2 response was greater among species within botanical groups than it was among groups. The CO2 response of a number of ‘desirable’, but also a number of ‘undesirable’ species was greater than the mean response, suggesting that these species may increase their proportion in pastures as atmospheric CO2 rises. Our results do not support the …
Co2 Gas Fluxes In Grazing Pasture,
2024
National Grassland Research Institute, Japan
Co2 Gas Fluxes In Grazing Pasture, T Oku, S Shibata, S Takahashi, M Shibayama
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
CO2 gas fluxes in grazing pastures were measured directly by the eddy correlation method to determine whether grasslands function as carbon sinks or sources. Observations revealed daytime CO2 absorption fluxes to grassland and nighttime CO2 emission fluxes to atmosphere. In 1993, the daily amounts of CO2 absorbed by grassland were larger than those of CO2 emitted to the atmosphere during the measuring period in spite of a cool summer and consequently lower level of solar radiation. In 1994, we obtained reverse carbon budgets especially on very hot days, which resulted from a different fluctuation pattern of the CO2 gas fluxes. …
Elevated Co2 And Temperature Effects On Paspalum And Arachis Forages,
2024
University of Florida
Elevated Co2 And Temperature Effects On Paspalum And Arachis Forages, K J. Boote, F B. Fritschi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Long-term effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and elevated temperature on growth processes of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) and rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.) were evaluated. Forages were established and grown in 27-m long temperature-gradient greenhouses constructed over a natural field soil. Treatments were two CO2 levels, 350 or 700 vpm CO2, and four temperature sectors (0, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 °C above ambient). Shoot emergence, ground cover, leaf and canopy assimilation, rate of leaf appearance, and dry matter accumulation were measured. Increasing temperature accelerated plant establishment and increased early plant dry matter accumulation, leaf area, and leaf appearance rate. …
Productivity Of Orchardgrass In Japan Estimated By The Neural Network Method And The Effect Of An Increase In Co2 And A Rise In Temperature,
2024
National Grassland Research Institute, Japan
Productivity Of Orchardgrass In Japan Estimated By The Neural Network Method And The Effect Of An Increase In Co2 And A Rise In Temperature, H Sasaki, T Suyama, M Fukuyama
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The purpose of this study is to estimate changes in the productivity of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) resulting from an anticipated increase in CO2 and a rise in temperature. Productivity of orchardgrass is primarily determined by mean temperature and solar radiation. Accordingly, a growth model was established on this basis by using the neural network method. Maps of areas where productivity is depressed in the summertime were drawn based on calculations applying anticipated climatic changes to this model. The direct influence of the increase in CO2 density was also considered in making these maps. As a result, it was concluded …
Growth And Physiology Respond Differently To Elevated Co2 In Nad-Me And Nadp-Me C4 Grasses,
2024
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Growth And Physiology Respond Differently To Elevated Co2 In Nad-Me And Nadp-Me C4 Grasses, D R. Lecain, J A. Morgan
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Plants with C4 photosynthesis have one of three decarboxylation enzymes in their bundle sheath cells. Reports suggest that bundle sheath leakiness to CO2 is highest in the NAD-ME group, lowest in the NADP-ME group and intermediate in the PCK group. We investigated the hypothesis that growth and photosynthesis of three NADME grasses would respond more to elevated CO2 than three NADPME grasses. Contrary to our hypothesis, growth of NADP-ME grasses was greater under elevated CO2, while none of the NADME grasses had a significant response. Increased leaf non-structural carbohydrates were associated with greater growth responses of NADP-ME grasses, while none …
Nitrogen And Co2 Effects On Remobilization Of Root And Crown Reserves For Regrowth Following Defoliation,
2024
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Nitrogen And Co2 Effects On Remobilization Of Root And Crown Reserves For Regrowth Following Defoliation, R H. Skinner, J A. Morgan, J D. Hanson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The effect of carbohydrate and nitrogen reserve remobilization during the first 4 d following defoliation on subsequent regrowth was studied under different soil nitrogen and atmospheric CO2 conditions. On a structural dry matter basis, elevated CO2 increased carbohydrate concentration without affecting total nitrogen in roots and crowns. High soil nitrogen had the opposite effect, increasing nitrogen concentration with no effect on nonstructural carbohydrates. Regrowth was significantly correlated with total nitrogen concentration at the time of defoliation. Carbohydrate concentration was not related to subsequent regrowth, nor was there a consistent correlation between carbohydrate or nitrogen remobilization and regrowth. No nitrogen remobilization …
Methane Production By Steers On Pasture,
2024
Agriculture & AgriFood Canada
Methane Production By Steers On Pasture, W P. Mccaughey, K Wittenberg, D Corrigan
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Grazing system, stocking rate and monensin controlled release capsule (CRC) administration were investigated to determine impacts on methane (CH4) production by steers grazing alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)/meadow bromegrass (Bromus biebersteinii Roem & Schult.)/Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski) pastures. Pasture treatments consisted of 2 replications each of two grazing systems (continuous stocking or 10-paddock rotational stocking) at each of two stocking rates (low, 1.1 steer ha-1 or high, 2.2 steers ha-1). Half of the animals in each pasture were administered a monensin CRC while untreated animals served as controls. During the grazing season, 1 steer per treatment …
How Will Plant Diseases Impact On Pasture Production Under Climate Change: A Case Study Of Stylosanthes Anthracnose,
2024
CSIRO Division of Tropical Crops and Pastures
How Will Plant Diseases Impact On Pasture Production Under Climate Change: A Case Study Of Stylosanthes Anthracnose, Sukumar Chakraborty
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Impact of climate change on plant diseases is poorly understood due to the paucity of studies in this area. A process-based approach to quantify the impact on pathogen/disease cycle is potentially the most useful in defining impact of factors like elevated CO2 on plant diseases. This study establishes the influence of twice-ambient CO2 on components of the anthracnose disease cycle caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in the tropical pasture legume Stylosanthes scabra. Compared to ambient CO2, at 700 ppm, time between inoculation and symptom appearance (incubation period) and percentage leaf area diseased were significantly reduced in the two cultivars Fitzroy and …
Carbon Sequestration By Grassland And Woodland Soils Of Different Climate Zones As Revealed By (Thin) Layer Wise Carbon-14 Dating,
2024
University of Hamburg
Carbon Sequestration By Grassland And Woodland Soils Of Different Climate Zones As Revealed By (Thin) Layer Wise Carbon-14 Dating, H W. Scharpenseeland, P Becker-Heidmann
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Estimates are, that grassland sequesters on ca 3.2 bil ha about 50 Pg C in the biomass, 300-350 Pg C in SOM (soil organic matter).,woodland analog on some 4.2 bil ha 360 Pg in the biomass ,785 Pg in the SOM. The SOM-C in grassland is comparable in quantity of C.m-2 with C in tropical rain forests´ living biomass (Whittaker & Likens,1973). C14-dating of soils reveals a tendency of higher C-residence time in grassland and former grasslandcropland soils, compared with adjacent woodland soils of about same climate and geomorphology. In (sub)tropical soils C-residence time proved higher in upland soils than …
Effects Of Climate Change On Grassland Production In Switzerland,
2024
IUL Liebefeld
Effects Of Climate Change On Grassland Production In Switzerland, J Fuhrer, M Riedo
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A mechanistic model for productive grassland was used to simulate annual dry matter yield in relation to fluxes of C, N, and water, and to test the sensitivity to climate change and to elevated [CO2] (2xCO2). Local weather scenarios were derived from the results of two General Circulation Models (GCM) by statistical down-scaling. Annual yield increased by a maximum of 10% without 2xCO2 effects, by 1-16% in response to 2xCO2, and by 6-24% with the combination of climate change and 2xCO2. Decreased evapotranspiration and increased water use efficiency in response to 2xCO2 were partially offset by climate change. The simulations …
Silage Production Possibility Of Sorghum Vulgare, S. Sudanense And Their Hybrid On The Second Crop Conditions Of Tokat-Turkey,
2024
University of Gaziosmanpasa
Silage Production Possibility Of Sorghum Vulgare, S. Sudanense And Their Hybrid On The Second Crop Conditions Of Tokat-Turkey, U Büyükburç, Y Karadag, M Yildirim
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective of the work was to determine biological characters of some fodder grasses (Sorghum, Sudangrass and their hybrid) under second crop condition of Tokat-Turkey with different N levels. The grasses were sown on 20-21 July 1994-1995 after harvesting the main crop of wheat, harvested at the end of October 28-29. Application of 40 - 80 - 120 kg/ha N fertilizer increased the plant height, fresh fodder, DM yield, CP contents in all plants. The hybrid showed the highest fresh and dry fodder yield (100.7 - 23.4 Mg/ha) at the high level of N. Leaf rate declined with use of …
