Assessment Of The Variation In Shear Strength Of Leaves Of Pasture Grasses,
2024
The University of Melbourne
Assessment Of The Variation In Shear Strength Of Leaves Of Pasture Grasses, D A. Henry, R H. Macmillan, F M. Roberts, R J. Simpson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The shear strength of leaves of pasture grasses was measured using a shearing device. The mechanics of shearing were investigated and leaf strength was measured either as the force or the energy required to shear a leaf. The investigations indicate that the inherent strength of leaf tissue is best measured as a force corrected for the length of cutting blade in contact with the leaf. Inherent shear strength did not change along the length of a leaf blade, but did change with the physiological age of the leaf. Variation in shear strength within a population of annual ryegrass (Lolium …
Prediction Of The Digestibility Of Forages At Different Stages Of Maturity By Using Chemical, In Vitro And In Vivo Methods,
2024
CCS Haryana Agricultural University
Prediction Of The Digestibility Of Forages At Different Stages Of Maturity By Using Chemical, In Vitro And In Vivo Methods, P C. Gupta, K Pradhan
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The chemical composition and in vitro dry matter (DM) and cell wall digestibility of different legumes, i.e, berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum), cowpea (Vigna sineuis),, guara (Cyamopsis tetragonolob), lucerne (Medicago sativa), metha (Trigonalla foeawmgroecun) and white senji (Melillotus alba); and non-legumes, i.e., bajra (Pennlsetum typloides), sorghum (Sorghum vulgare), maize (Zea mays), oat (Avena Sativa), PP grass (Pennisetum pedicellatum), sudan grass (Sorghum sudanese) and teosinte (Euchlaena maxicane) forages were determined. The correlation coefficients between ill vitro digestibility …
Improved Feeding Vlue In Senescing Grass Pasture After Application Of Glyphosate,
2024
University of Melbourne
Improved Feeding Vlue In Senescing Grass Pasture After Application Of Glyphosate, R J. Simpson, K L. Gatford, C Siever-Kelly, B J. Leury, H Dove
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Annual grass pasture sprayed with glyphosate (180 g a.i./ha) at heading retained higher concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrates anci nitrogen than control pasture during senescence. Consequently, the. i11, vitro digestibility of the sprayed pasture was also higher than that of the control pasture. Merino wethers (18 months old) grazing the sprayed pasture consumed more senescent herbage and gained weight ( 40 g/ head/day) until 60 days after anthesis, whereas those grazing control pastures only maintained their Jive weight. However, in both treatments pasture feeding value declined with time and as a consequence improved aniinal performance was not maintained indefinitely.
Nutritional Quality Of Ryegrass Pastures For Finishing Lambs In Southern Africa,
2024
Roodeplaat Grassland Institute
Nutritional Quality Of Ryegrass Pastures For Finishing Lambs In Southern Africa, D V. Paulsmeier, J H.F Meyer
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A comparison between ryegrass, clover and a ryegrass-clover mixture was made in terms of animal production and possible limitations on intake. The occurrence of bloat on leguminous pastures restricts the use of these species in pasture systems in southern Africa. Highest average daily gains of 215 g were obtained on the clover pastures while average daily gains on ryegrass were I 63 g. Low specific gravity of the rumen content of sheep grazing pure clover, 0.62 kg/I, indicated gas formation in the rumen. On the ryegrass-clover mixture,· the influence of the lower degradability of ryegrass (P= S3.8%) effectively eliminated possible …
Comparative Study Of Four Varieties Of Cowpea. 2. Nutritive Value And Voluntary Intake,
2024
Animal Production Research Institute
Comparative Study Of Four Varieties Of Cowpea. 2. Nutritive Value And Voluntary Intake, M A. Gabra, K M. Ghobrial
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Pour varieties of cowpea (Vigna spp.) were sown lo study the effect of varieties on nutritive value and voluntary intake by sheep in 4 metabolism trials. Results showed that the feeding value as total digestible nutrients, starch value (SV) and digestible crude protein (DCP) of the different varieties were 63.05-65.61 %, 56.22-58.50% and 12.64-13.08%, respectively. Nitrogen balance was positive with sheep fed green forage. The voluntary intake from SV and DCP by sheep could cover the maintenance requirements from energy and protein with surplus for production.
Rumen Digestion Of Temperate Pasture: Effects Of Milk Yield And Composition,
2024
INTA
Rumen Digestion Of Temperate Pasture: Effects Of Milk Yield And Composition, D H. Rearte, F J. Santini
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Dairy production in Argentina is based on grazing of temperate pasture. Concentrate is used as a supplement at a level no higher than 30% of the diet. Milk yield is high but butterfat content of milk is lower on pasture than on indoor feeding diet based on processed forage and concentrate. Rumen fluid of cows on grazing was characterised by low pH (5.8-6.2), high volatile fatty acid concentration (90-120 mmoUI) and a low acetate:propionate ratio (<2.5). Hydrolysis of forage protein in rumen is high and the percentage of dietary amino acids reaching the duodenum is low (20- 30% ). This rumen environment occurs only with cows on grazing because when fresh forage is cut and fed to cows Indoors, pH and acetate:propionate ratio is higher and NH3 concentration is lower. Rumen fermentation was also modified when pasture forage was offered wilted instead of fresh. Concentrate supplementation at a level no higher than 30% of total diet did not affect the rumen environment, but it was modified by corn silage supplementation.
Voluntary Intake And Rumen Degradation By Sheep Of Mature Pods Of Medicago Truncatula Cv. Paraggio,
2024
University of Adelaide
Voluntary Intake And Rumen Degradation By Sheep Of Mature Pods Of Medicago Truncatula Cv. Paraggio, R Valizadeh, E D. Carter, N G. Yates
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The voluntary intake and rumen degradation of Medlcago trumcatula cv. Paraggio barrel medic pods harvested after both good and poor growing seasons were measured with Merino wethers. Voluntary intake measurements on 18 sheep were made during the last 12 days of a 3. week period. The degradation characteristics of the whole pods, seeds and hulls were measured by incubating samples (in nylon bags) for 24, 48 and 72 h in the rumen of 4 sheep fitted with rumen fistula and given a maintenance ration. The voluntary dry matter (DM) and organic matter intakes were 1837 and 1734 g/sheep/day for the …
Cell-Wall Polysaccharide Degradability In Divergently Selected Lucerne,
2024
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Cell-Wall Polysaccharide Degradability In Divergently Selected Lucerne, Hans-Joachim G. Jung, Richard R. Smith, Craig S. Endres
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Effect of selection in lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) for in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) concentration on the degradabillty of cell-wall polysaccharide was investigated, Lucerne lines that had been previously bidirectionally selected for herbage ADL concentrations were selected for high and low IVDMD of stem bases. In vitro rumlnal degradability of cell-wall neutral sugars and uronic acids from half-sib progeny of the selected populations was determined on basal stems from two cuttings. Selection resulted in greater degradability of non-cellulosic polysaccharide components from cell walls of low ADL populations than from high ADL populations for …
Comparison Of Digestibility Of Sorghum Silage By Sheep And By Heifers With Special Reference To The Hemicellulose Monosaccharides,
2024
Miyazaki University
Comparison Of Digestibility Of Sorghum Silage By Sheep And By Heifers With Special Reference To The Hemicellulose Monosaccharides, Osamu Kawamura, Shigeyuki Tanaka, Takashi Miaki, Kazuo Shinkai
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench) and corn are the most popular summer forages in south-west Japan. In this experiment, the digestibilities of sorghum silage were determined by adult sheep and by heifers. The digestibilities of all proximate components by heifers were higher than by sheep, Non-structural carbohydrates were almost completely digested by sheep, in contrast to heifers which excreted a portion of the grain undigested. Neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin digestibilities for heifers were higher than those for sheep. Heifers digested each hemicellulose monosaccharide better than sheep, Sheep and heifers differed by the largest extent …
Effect Of Varying Trace Elements Intakes On Their Concentrations In The Skeleton Of Grazing Sheep,
2024
AgResearch, NZ
Effect Of Varying Trace Elements Intakes On Their Concentrations In The Skeleton Of Grazing Sheep, N D. Grace, J Lee
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The trace mineral composition of the skeleton was studied in 42 Romney wether lambs, which were divided into 7 treatment groups· and grazed on a ryegrass-white clove. pasture. The trace element intakes were increased by drenching daily with various salt solutions. Treatments were (a) control distilled water (b) 8 mg Cu (c) 580 mg Fe (d) 350 mg Mn (e) 2 mg Mo (f) 0.08 mg Se and (g) 30 mg Zn. Treatments had no significant effect on the mean DM intakes (1.2 kg/day) or live-weight gains (178 g/day). Increasing the Mo, Se and Mn, intakes increased their concentrations in …
Physical Resistance, Structure And Morphology Of Perennial Ryegrass Leaves,
2024
Massey University
Physical Resistance, Structure And Morphology Of Perennial Ryegrass Leaves, T Inoue, I M. Brookes, A. John T.N Barry, W F. Hunt
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Sixty plants each of 2 lines of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne L.) selected for low (LS) or high (HS) leaf shear breaking load were grown in a controlled environment. Transverse sections of 22 plants were taken to measure cross-sectional area (CSA) and proportions of sclerenchyma. LS leaves had significantly (P<0.001) lower lengths (258 v. 316 mm), widths (3.4 v. 4.0 mm), dry weights (32 v, 48 mg) and shear breaking loads (338 v. 574 g/leaO. CSA, estimated from the relationship CSA (mm2) = 0.265 width (mm) -0.239 (r2=0.86), was also significantly (P<0,001) lower for LS (0.68 v. 0.85 mm1), Leaf shear strengths per unit CSA were calculated as 501 (LS) and 690 (HS) g/mm1 (P<0.001). Sclerenchyma formed a significantly (P<0.01) lower proportion of LS than HS leaves (2,9 v. 6.1% of CSA). The cumulative force required to reduce particle sizes to 1 mm can be expressed as an Inde11 of Masticatory Load (IML) IML values were 2.84(LS) and 3.9l(HS) kg/mg DM (P<0,001), suggesting rates of passage from the rumen might be greater for LS leaves.
Effect Of Physical Resistance In Perennial Ryegrass Leaves On Feeding Value For Sheep,
2024
Massey University
Effect Of Physical Resistance In Perennial Ryegrass Leaves On Feeding Value For Sheep, T Inoue, I M. Brookes, A. John T.N Barry, W F. Hunt
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
No significant differences were observed in dry matter (DM) intakes, rumen retention times or live weight gains of sheep fed lines of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L,)selected for low (LS) or high (HS) leaf shear breaking load (LSBL). Rates of DM intake were 25% greater, and 18% fewer jaw movements per g DM eaten were required, for test meals of LS compared with HS, but these differences were not significant. The proportion of particles reduced to less than 1 mm during eating and ruminating did not differ significantly. The force required to shear a given dry weight of leaf into …
Improved Nutritive Value Of Different Forage Species Monitored By Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy,
2024
Instituto Sperimentale Colture Foraggere
Improved Nutritive Value Of Different Forage Species Monitored By Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy, N Berardo, A Tava, L Valdicelli, M Odoardi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The development of rapid and reliable methods for the evaluation and prediction of forage quality has been the objective of many researchers for several years. The infrared-reflectance technique was developed for rapid prediction of nutritive value and chemical composition of feedstuffs, and for the last decade has been applied at our institute for the prediction of the nutritive value of forage samples from field trials and breeding programmes. Calibration curves have been developed for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea· Schreb.), bromegrass (Bromus …
Chemical And Physical Changes Associated With Maturity Of Barley, Pearl Millet And Berseem Clover,
2024
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Chemical And Physical Changes Associated With Maturity Of Barley, Pearl Millet And Berseem Clover, Z Naseer, J P. Fontenot, R L. Grayson, V G. Allen, S M. Chaudhry
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Experiments were conducted with barley (Hordeum vulgare) and millet (Pennisetum americanum), collected at vegetative, boot, heading and mature growth stages, and berseem clover (Trifollum alexandrium) collected al vegetative, bud and late bloom stages, In the grasses, stems and leaf sheaths were higher (P<0.05) in cell wall constituents, xylose, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid and lower (P<0.05) In in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) than leaf blades. In the legume, stems were higher (P<0,05) in cell wall constituents and xylose than petioles and leaflets, Al advanced maturity, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed increased lignification and decreased tissue digestion for leaf sheaths and stems of grasses, compared with leaf blades. In berseem,petioles were higher in IVDMD than leaflets and stems.
Mohair Production And Body-Weight Gains Of Yearling Angora Goats Grazing Forages With Different Tannin Levels,
2024
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Mohair Production And Body-Weight Gains Of Yearling Angora Goats Grazing Forages With Different Tannin Levels, S P. Hart, T Sahlu
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This study evaluated the effects of moderate tannin levels in high quality forages on mohair production and body-weigh! gains of yearling Angora goals, Yearling Angora doelings were grazed on either alfalfa (low tannin level; Medicago sativa L. cv. Cimarron) or sainfoin (moderate tannin level; Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. cv. Renumex). Angora goats were randomly assigned to 2 pastures of each forage, 18 lo each sainfoin pasture and 24 to each alfalfa pasture, Goals grazed 0.15 ha paddocks in each pasture for a week before to being rotated to a new paddock. Doclings grazing sainfoin gained weight faster (62 v. 40 g/day) …
Forage Nutritive Value And Ensilability Of Some Common Grassland Herbs,
2024
Universitadt Gieben
Forage Nutritive Value And Ensilability Of Some Common Grassland Herbs, J Isselstein
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Nutritive value for ruminant feeding and ensilability of Achillea millefollum, Plalllago lanceolata and Taraxacum offlcinale in comparison with Lolium perenne and Trifollum repens were investigated, The species were planted as monocultures in a field trial. The influence of the time of first cutting and nitrogen fertilisation was also studied, Laboratory methods were used to estimate the nutritive value and ensilability of the forage. L. perenne had the highest nutritive value, followed by T. repens and T. o.f!lc lnale. A, millefolium and P, lanceolata were of lower quality. The decrease indigestible net energy value from early to late cutting was …
Protein Rather Than Energy Is The Limiting Nutrient For Lactating Cows Fed Large Amounts Of High Quality,
2024
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Protein Rather Than Energy Is The Limiting Nutrient For Lactating Cows Fed Large Amounts Of High Quality, T R. Dhiman, L D. Satter
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Two studies were conducted to determine whether protein or energy is first limiting for milk production when cows are fed diets containing large amounts of high quality forage. In the first study, infusion of 1.2 kg/day of soy-protein into the abomasum of cows consuming a diet of all lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) silage increased milk and milk protein production by 13 and 1996. Abomasal infusion of l.0 kg glucose was without effect. In the second study, supplementation of dietary protein resistant to degradation in the rumen to cows fed diets containing 7596 of lucerne silage increased milk production …
Influence Of Maturity On Quality And Agronomic Characteristics Of Energycane,
2024
University of Florida
Influence Of Maturity On Quality And Agronomic Characteristics Of Energycane, P Mislevy, M B. Adjei, F G. Martin, G M. Prine
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
As fossil fuel supplies decline and become cost prohibitive, biomass must be exploited as a renewable energy source, Energy yield from biomass tends to vary among species and different parts of the same plant, The purpose of this research was to determine change in percentage dry matter (DM), DM yield and quality (crude protein (CP), in vitro organic matter digestion (IVOMD)) of green leaves (GL), dead leaves (DL) and stems (S) of L79-1002 energycane (Saccharum spp. L.) harvested at 0.6 m increments from 0.6 to 4,2 m. As plant height at harvest increased from 0.6 to 4.2 m, GL quantity …
Preservation Of Silage Made In Wrapped Round Bales In Reunion Island,
2024
CIRAD-SAR
Preservation Of Silage Made In Wrapped Round Bales In Reunion Island, Jean-Marie Paillat, Jean Charles Dhuin, Jacques Lepetit, Giles Mandret
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Forage systems development In the highlands of Rwnion Island is based on grass crops. Silage is becoming more important, and roundbale wrapping is increasing. Since 1990, experiments have concerned technical data on different sites (39) and silage composition (168 samples). Descriptive statistics (multivariate analysis) have been used to determine relationships between silage quality and harvesting conditions. Pour synthetic notations have been calculated in relation to silage preservation. As in other studies, silage quality was !iighly related to dry matter (DM) content. Above 33% DM, silage was well preserved, but quality was poor below 20% DM. In different areas, silage preservation …
Growth Analysis And Chemical Composition Of Sulla (Hedysarum Coronarium L.),
2024
lnstituto Superior de Agronomia Tapada da Ajuda
Growth Analysis And Chemical Composition Of Sulla (Hedysarum Coronarium L.), P A. Pinto, G J. Barradas, P C. Tenreiro
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Perennial legumes like sulla (Hedysamm coronarium L.), with interesting autumn-winter growth may be important in Mediterranean agriculture. Sulla produces earlier than other forage crops and reduces annual seed and machinery costs. Also, similarly to annual legumes, it can be introduced into crop rotations with benefits on system diversification and fertility improvement. In order to characterise growth and potential yield, a growth analysis was performed during the first growing season of a sulla crop. Chemical composition through the growing season was also determined, allowing quality evolution analysis. These preliminary results led us to conclude that the sulla crop shows a …
