A Subterranean Clover Ideotype For A Cool Temperate Environment,
2024
Western Australian Department of Agriculture
A Subterranean Clover Ideotype For A Cool Temperate Environment, P M. Evans
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Data from several experiments in Tasmania (40-42°S; 500-700 mm annual rainfall) were examined to test the hypothesis that a successful cultivar of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) should be late maturing, soft seeded, high seed yielding and competitive. Maturity alone accounted for 68% of the variation in spring production, On average, for every day increase in time to flower, production increased by 43 kg/ha. In the field seed losses averaged 25% per year and, after 3 seasons, no differences were apparent between "soft-" and "hard-seeded" cultivars in total seed loss. Success in this environment does not appear to be …
Effect Of Some Characteristics Of Diurnal Temperature Fluctuations On The Softening Of Hard Seeds Of Medicago Polymorpha, G B. Taylor
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The softening of hard seeds of Medicago polymorpha is a 2-stage process. The final stage of softening. tends to take place in autumn, thereby affording the seeds some degree of protection against germination and subsequent loss after summer rain. Temperature conditions associated with this final stage of seed softening were investigated within the range 5-55°C. The required amplitude of diurnal temperature fluctuation was about 30°C, with a daily maximum between 30-45°C and a minimum less than 20°C. The slower the temperature fall, the more effective the temperature fluctuations, Between 4 and 8 diurnal cycles of the most favourable temperature conditions …
China Grass (Pemiisetum Polystacliion (L,) Shult) Pasture In Northern Benin: Fodder Species Composition, Productivity, Feed Value And Grazing Value,
2024
Universite Libre de Bruxelles
China Grass (Pemiisetum Polystacliion (L,) Shult) Pasture In Northern Benin: Fodder Species Composition, Productivity, Feed Value And Grazing Value, J Lejoly, B Sinsin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
China grass pasture occurs mainly on fallow lands throughout northern Benin, Floristic analysis showed an average number of 31 species among which 55% are recognised as palatable. Forage categories (%) were: good grasses 0.1; medium value grasses 29.8; poor quality grasses 4.3; legumes 24.l; miscellaneous forbs 27.2 and unpalatable species 14.5. China grass (Pe1111ise1Um polystachion) accounted for 20.4%. Maximum dry matter (OM) production of the pasture recorded at the end of the growing season was 6.30 I/ha, Weighting contributive value of china grass lo the productivity was 48.1 %; its digestible protein content decreased from 34.1 g/kg OM at the …
Effects Of Phosphate And Stocking Rate On Mediterranean Grasslands In Northern Syria,
2024
ICARDA
Effects Of Phosphate And Stocking Rate On Mediterranean Grasslands In Northern Syria, A E. Osman, P S. Cocks
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Three rates of phosphate (0, 11 and 26 kg/ha P) were applied to phosphorus-deficient native grassland in northern Syria, and botanical composition, biomass and legume seed production were monitored. The experiment was grazed at low and high ( 1.1 and 2.3 sheep/ha per year) stocking rates. The site is typical of native grassland within the cereal zone of west Asia where cropping is not possible because of shallow, stony soils and steep slopes. Results showed that annual applications of P, even as low as 11 kg P/ha, corrected the deficiency in soil P and improved pasture production. The practical Implications …
Constraints And Opportunities For Turkish Grasslands Use Patterns And The Expected Development Of Forage Crops, With The South-Eastern Anatolian Project (Gap) In Turkey,
2024
Cukurova University
Constraints And Opportunities For Turkish Grasslands Use Patterns And The Expected Development Of Forage Crops, With The South-Eastern Anatolian Project (Gap) In Turkey, T Tukel, T Saglamtimur, H Gulcan, V Tansi, A E. Anlarsal
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Turkey has 78 million ha land area. Of this, about 28% covers permanent grasslands, 36% arable land, and 30% forest and woodlands. Mainly, ii has a typical mediterranean climate but with regional differences. In general, Turkish grasslands are continuously being overutilised. There are 3 utilisation systems called sedentary, transhumance and nomadic. Each not only has its constraints but also some rational use under special situations. Intensive feeding programmes with high yielding and quality forage crops are also being encouraged. Recently, a national project, the south-eastern Anatolian Project (GAP in Turkish), is proceeding in the form of a big regional development. …
Subterranean Clover Pasture Improvement And Utilisation In The Andes Foothills Of The Mediterranean Subhumid Zone Of Chile, Hernan Acuna, Patricio Soto, German Klee
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The effects of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) application on subterraneum clover (Trifolium subterraneum) cv. Mount Barker dry matter (DM) yield were measured in cutting and grazing experiments. Residual nitrogen (N) in soil, after 5 years, was estimated by growing wheat with different N rates. The soil is of volcanic ash origin and has high P retention. The annual rainfall is around 1300 mm, mainly in winter. P application increased DM production (3-7 I/ha/year on average), the clover proportion and the available P in soil (0-50 mm depth). The available N in soil increased from year to year, …
Development And Evaluation Of A Core Germplasm Collection Of Annual Medicago Species In The United States,
2024
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Development And Evaluation Of A Core Germplasm Collection Of Annual Medicago Species In The United States, G R. Bauchan, N Diwan, M Mcintosh
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The annual medics are endemic to the Mediterranean region. There are 34 recognised species of annual medics and 3159 accessions in the US Plant Introduction collection. Although there is interest in the annual medics for use in sustainable agricultural systems, the US collection is underutilised owing to a lack of agronomic information. Development of a core collection may be a method of condensing the collection of agronomic data on the available germplasm to make it more accessible for utilisation by breeders and agronomists. A core germplasm collection is a small collection that represents the maximum genetic diversity with minimum repetitiveness. …
Persistence And Productivity Of Some Forage Varieties And Land Races Of Different Origin Grown In Central Italy,
2024
University of Perugia
Persistence And Productivity Of Some Forage Varieties And Land Races Of Different Origin Grown In Central Italy, M Falcinelli, F Veronesi, L Russi, P Pollidori
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In Italy, the lack of interest in producing seed of improved and adapted varieties of forage species, particularly of grasses, has caused a widespread utilisation of foreign varieties imported from northern Europe and North America. Most of these varieties are not adapted to a mediterranean climate and, hence, are less persistent and productive than the local varieties. Persistence and productivity of 17 grass (Lolium perenne, L. multiflorum, Dactylias glomerata, Festuca arundinacea) and 19 legume (Medlcago saliva, Trlfolium repens, T. pratense, Lotus cornicidatus, L. teaulus, L. peduncllatus) varieties and land races from Italy, northern Europe and New …
Refining A Residual Dry Matter Technique For Assessing Standing Biomass Estimates In Grazed Mediterranean Ecosystems,
2024
USDA, SCS
Refining A Residual Dry Matter Technique For Assessing Standing Biomass Estimates In Grazed Mediterranean Ecosystems, J R. Brown, M Cocke, L Steffen
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Because most water quality objectives are set at the watershed level, it is important to determine hydrologic characteristics of land units within watersheds and predict the impact of land uses and treatments on watershed outputs. Rangeland hydrology research indicates that vegetative cover and biomass are reliable indicators of sediment production from uplands, The Residual Dry Matter (RDM) technique (Clawson et al. 1980} is a proven method of assessing standing crop biomass. This technique is easily learned and observer independent. After one training session, observers were able to estimate accurately (R2>0.90) the amount of biomass on the soil surface. RDM …
Influence Of Level And Distribution Of Nitrogen Fertiliser On The Availability And Quality Of Kikuyu Foggage,
2024
University of Pretoria
Influence Of Level And Distribution Of Nitrogen Fertiliser On The Availability And Quality Of Kikuyu Foggage, N F.G Rethman, C C. De Witt
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The value of pasture rested in the late growing season for use as foggage during the dormant season is well known. More detailed information on the influence of nitrogen (N) fertilisation practices (level and distribution) on the availability and quality of kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestfoum Chiov.) foggage was obtained from a smallplot clipping trial incorporating 3 levels of N (100, 200 and 300 kg/ ha) and 4 distributions. Prom these results it is evident that dry matter responses were obtained up to 200 kg N/ha, whereas the crude protein responses were linear up to 300 kg N/ha applied in the …
Evaluation Of Setaria Sphacelata Var. Splendida In Mediterranean Irrigated Conditions. I. Effect Of Cutting Frequency On Chemical Composition And Nutritive Value,
2024
Tapada da Ajuda
Evaluation Of Setaria Sphacelata Var. Splendida In Mediterranean Irrigated Conditions. I. Effect Of Cutting Frequency On Chemical Composition And Nutritive Value, P C. Tenreiro
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Chemical composition and nutritive value of Setaria sphacelata var. splendida were studied under 3 culling frequencies, 14, 28 and 56 days, under mediterranean irrigated conditions. The effect of cutting frequency on chemical composition and nutritive value was evaluated by measuring crude protein, structural and non-structural carbohydrates and dry mailer digestibility. Metabolisable energy was also estimated. Nutritive value was not strongly affected by cutting frequency and acceptable quality was found in the 56 days treatment (60% IVDMD, 8.5 MJ MB/kg OM, 10% CP). The results achieved are similar to those obtained With annual summer forage grasses like Sorghum spp.
Evaluation Of Setaria Sphacelata Var. Splendida In Mediterranean Irrigated Conditions. Ii. Effect Of Cutting Frequency On Growth Pattern And Yield,
2024
Tapada da Ajunda
Evaluation Of Setaria Sphacelata Var. Splendida In Mediterranean Irrigated Conditions. Ii. Effect Of Cutting Frequency On Growth Pattern And Yield, P C. Tenreiro
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Growth pattern, yield and forage productivity of irrigated Setaria sphacelata var. splendida under mediterranean conditions were studied under 3 cutting frequencies, 14, 28 and 56 days, and without cutting. Increases in cutting frequency had a detrimental effect on yield and forage productivity. Higher total biomass production (1.6S8 kg DM/m2), crop growth rate (21.S g/m2/day), LAI (4,8) and radiation use efficiency (1.1 g DM/MJ) were observed at S6 days cutting interval. The highest biomass production (3,295 kg DM/m2) was found with uninterrupted growth. Biomass production at 56 days interval was similar to that found with maize and sorghum but forage productivity …
Water Use And Productivity Of Annual Legume-Based Pasture Systems In The South-West Of Western Australia,
2024
CSIRO
Water Use And Productivity Of Annual Legume-Based Pasture Systems In The South-West Of Western Australia, T P. Bolger, N C. Turner, B J. Leach
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
There Is a perception in the farming and research communities of a general decline in the productivity of annual pastures in the mediterranean climatic zone of Australia. Plant growth and water use often are linearly related in water-limited environments. Consequently, pastures are seen as having low water use and contributing to problems of land degradation. Our aim was to determine potential pasture production in relation to rainfall and the influence of management factors on growth and water use. Experiments were initiated at S locations along a gradient of 300-Ll00 mm annual rainfall. At each site a maximum production treatment was …
Dana- A Low Input Grass, For Sustainable Production In The Summer Rainfall Areas Of South Africa,
2024
University of Pretoria
Dana- A Low Input Grass, For Sustainable Production In The Summer Rainfall Areas Of South Africa, P A. Pieterse, J Van Bosch, N F.G Rethman
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Bana, a South African hybrid between Pennisetum purpureum and Penmisetumn glantcum, was evaluated in a fertiliser trial at the University of Pretoria. The initial pH(H20) of the soil was 4.2, the P status 12 my/ kg and the K status 50 mg/kg, A third of the.plots were treated with Ca(OH)2, to raise the pH(H20) to 5.6, while on another third, the pH was raised to 6.5. There were 4 nitrogen treatments, 0, 100, 200 and 400 kg N/ha/year, Production and quality was measured during 3 consecutive seasons, after the season of establishment. The treatment which received no N produced 14.5 …
Improvement Of Pastures Through The Management Of Nitrogen-Fixing Rhizospheric Organisms,
2024
Office of Granitsa
Improvement Of Pastures Through The Management Of Nitrogen-Fixing Rhizospheric Organisms, R Thanopoulos, I O. Kefalogiannis
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The nitrogen fixation performance of some typical members of Greek pastures was examined under comparable conditions. The plants were grown on non-inoculated soil samples taken from 3 different regions of Greece. High N-fodng activity was detected in nodulated roots of Trifolium pratense and Medicago saliva but comparatively lower in Trifolium repens, T. hybridwn and Lotus comiculallls. Also, high activity was noted in the rhizosphere of the grasses Lolium perenne and Phalaris aquatica. The isolation of highly efficient N-fixing indigenous Rhizobium strains is reported.
The Chaco Savanna Lands Of South America With Particular Reference To The Processes Of Degradation In Their Pastoral And Forestry Resources,
2024
Centro de Investigaciones Ecologicas de Chaco
The Chaco Savanna Lands Of South America With Particular Reference To The Processes Of Degradation In Their Pastoral And Forestry Resources, Carlos Saravia Toledo
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The South American Chaco, covering more than 1.2 million km2, is second only to the Amazonian natural savanna region. It is the southern extension of the vast savanna zone of the continent, ranging 2000 km on either side of the Tropic of Capricorn. In its pristine state it presented vast pastoral and forestry resources, but in less than 120 years, these resources have been devastated by their uncontrolled exploitation. For most of the drier half of the region the productivity has declined to very low levels. The pastoral resources were decimated by uncontrolled livestock grazing of cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, …
Ruminant Animal Production From Forages: Present Position And Future Opportunities,
2024
Swiss Institute of Technology
Ruminant Animal Production From Forages: Present Position And Future Opportunities, David E. Beever
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The utilisation of forages by ruminants for the synthesis of meat and milk is often below expectations both in terms of the quantity and the composition of the product. Recognising that the nutrition of the ruminant is complicated by the need to meet the requirements of the host animal and its rumen ecosystem, it is now possible to identify the causes of some of these inefficiencies and to develop suitable strntegies to overcome them. This paper attempts, through a review of the mechanisms of carbohydrate and protein utilisation in the rumen and in the animal tissues, and identification of the …
Implications And Improvements In Nutritive Value On Plant Performance And Grassland Management,
2024
Dairying Research Corporation
Implications And Improvements In Nutritive Value On Plant Performance And Grassland Management, D Clark, J R. Wilson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Lignin modification is one method of improving plant nutritive value and is used to illustrate methods and consequences of plant manipulation. The effect of modifying lignin organ, tissue or enzyme levels on plant performance is inferred from recent scientific work on a range of species. Selection for higher whole plant digestibility is sometimes negatively correlated with plant yield. However, there is sufficient variation in both characters that improvement new not inevitably lead to decreased yield. Cultivars selected for low leaf strength or more digestible stems usually have lesser amounts of sclerenchyma and vascular tissue with less lignin and thinner walls. …
Fermentation Aid For Alfalfa Silage,
2024
University of Nebraska
Fermentation Aid For Alfalfa Silage, Terry L. Mader
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In two trials, fermentation characteristics and feeding value of untreated ensiled alfalfa (control) were compared with ensiled alfalfa inoculated (treated) with either a dry (Trial I) or liquid (Trial 2) microbial additive (fermentation nid), containing homofermenlative lactic acid producing bacteria (LAB), Initial (I to 3 days post-ensiling) pH values were lower (P<0.05) for treated silage in Trial 2 only. Also, inoculated silage had lower (P<0.05) ethanol values. At the high level of silage feeding efficiency of feed conversion tended to be improved for steers fed a high level of inoculated silage although, improved fermentation characteristics were not.observed in inoculated silage fed during the feeding trials. Indigenous LAB, associated with the alfalfa, most likely influenced final fermentation.
Investigations On Energetic Utilization Of A Range Of Fresh, Dried And Ensiled Forages By Wether Sheep,
2024
Research Institute for the Biology of Farm Animals Dummerstorf Rostock
Investigations On Energetic Utilization Of A Range Of Fresh, Dried And Ensiled Forages By Wether Sheep, W Jentsch
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The energy utilisation of 29-38 fresh (frozen), dried and ensiled forages was measured In respiration calorimeters with adult wether sheep. Forages were fed alone and in combination with cereals. There were no differences in energetic feed values (digestible and metabolizable energy , as well as efficiency of energy deposition) between fresh and dried forages, Feeding values of silages fed as a sole diet tend to be lower than those of all other rations; the efficiency of energy deposition was on an average 4.2% less than the predicted values.
