Factors Required To Sustain Pastoral Farming Systems And Forage Supply In Winter Cold Zones,
2024
Agriculture Canada
Factors Required To Sustain Pastoral Farming Systems And Forage Supply In Winter Cold Zones, H T. Kunelius, D A. Kim, H Hirota, T Zhu
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Forage grasses and legumes are a main component of livestock diets in winter cold zones, There are over 130 million ha of grassland in this zone and there is a large, undeveloped land base in fringe areas suitable for forage production. Regulations on land ownership and use hamper efficient development of forage-based farming systems in some regions. The short growing season Ii mils the grassland farming in the winter cold zones. The winter season is long and cold temperatures, freezing and thawing, and diseases' exert severe stress on overwintering forage plants. The development of persistent cultivars is essential for sustained …
Rangeland Exploitation- The Global Need For Integrated Science,
2024
New Zealand Forest Research Institute
Rangeland Exploitation- The Global Need For Integrated Science, A H. Nordmeyer
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The global surge in human population growth is placing major pressures on winter cold rangelands. The need is urgent to develop an international science that comes to grips with local requirements for food and fuel, and combines these with the global requirements of maintaining and increasing stores of carbon. The critical problem for rangelands is that most systems do not generate incomes to allow replacement or enhancement of the nutrients removed by herded animals, by cut-and-carry forage harvesting, and by fuel extraction. Progress in rangeland science that is relevant to subsistence cultures requires a better understanding of the carbon and …
Sustainable Clover-Dominant Swards For Lamb Production Under Low Temperatures,
2024
The Scottish Agricultural College
Sustainable Clover-Dominant Swards For Lamb Production Under Low Temperatures, J E. Vipond, G Swift, T H. Mcclelland
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
ABSTRACT Upland pastures for sheep and beef cattle in the UK typically contain less than 5% clover in the grazed herbage, Use of fertiliser N, low P and K status, low pH and inappropriate choice of grass and clover varieties are implicated in this low pasture clover content, along with temperature constraints. In a 4-year study, swards of tecraploid perenn ial ryegrass (Lolium perenne, cv. Condesa) were compared with swards of a diploid perennial rye grass (cv. Contender) both being maintained at a constant grazing height of 4-6 cm and given 160 kg N/ha/year. Lamb output (kg/ ha) from …
Effect Of Condensed-Tannins In Lotus Pedunculatus On The Digestion And Plasma Metabolism Of Methionine And Cystine In Sheep,
2024
Massey University
Effect Of Condensed-Tannins In Lotus Pedunculatus On The Digestion And Plasma Metabolism Of Methionine And Cystine In Sheep, W C. Mcnabb, G C. Waghorn, T N. Barry, I D. Shelton
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The effect of condensed tannins (CT) on the digestion and metabolism of methionine and cystine was studied in sheep housed indoors and fed Lotus pedunculatus hourly. The PBO sheep (no CT) lost 30% of ingested methionine and cystine across the rumen, whereas the control sheep (CT acting normally) lost no methionine and cystine across the rumen. The apparent absorption of methionine from the small intestine was 27% higher in control than PBO sheep, but both groups had a similar apparent absorption of cystine from the small intestine. CT had no effect upon plasma methionine irreversible loss rate (IRL), but markedly …
Stockpiling Of Tropical Forage For The Dry Season In Martinique,
2024
CEMAGREF
Stockpiling Of Tropical Forage For The Dry Season In Martinique, I Gayalin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In Martinique standing fodder crops were found to be an alternative way to improve dry season feeding to livestock. The stockpiling ability of 4 grasses (Tripsacum laxum, Pennisetum purpureum, • Brachiaria decumbens and Panicum maximum) has been tested for 2 years on 3 sites located in different pedoclimatic zones. Two deferment 1 dates were chosen (1 and: 2 months before the end of the rainy season). During the dry season, from February-June, dry matter (DM). yields and morphological composition (green leaves, stems and dead' materials) were estimated through sampling every fortnight. In the· drier site, accumulated DM yields and …
Breeding Of Apomictic Brachiaria Through Interspecific Hybridisation,
2024
EMBRAPA-CNPGC
Breeding Of Apomictic Brachiaria Through Interspecific Hybridisation, C B. Do Valle, C Gilenke, G.O C. Leguizamon
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Brachiaria is a tropical grass genus recently introduced on the American continent. Two species are widely sown as pastures in Brazil, n. decumbens (D) cv. Basilisk, and n. brizantha (B) cv. Marandu. These 2 cultivars behave as obligate apomicts (APO), therefore impairing direct hybridisation. A breeding programme was started al the National Center for Research in Beef Callie (CNPGCEMBRAPA), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil in 1988, with the objeclive of obtaining apomictic hybrids with the growth habit and adaptation lo poor soils of D, resistance lo spilllebugs (Homoplera:Cercopidae) of B using sexual B. mzil:iensis (R) as mother plant. R has …
Modelling As Tool For Grassland Science Progress,
2024
Agricultural Research Organisation
Modelling As Tool For Grassland Science Progress, N G. Seligman
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Simulation modeling in grassland science has a history of more than 20 years. To dnle it has been distinguished more by its continuing and expanding development than by its success in advancing grassland science and practice. This possibly reflects the phenomenal increase in computer technology compared with the much more modest progress in grassland science. Models have nevertheless been the vehicle for identifiable contributions to grassland theory and there are an increasing number of successful applications in management and policy situations. Expectations for future contributions are more realistic today than in the heady early years, but despite much disillusion, the …
Decision Support System In The Transfer Of Grassland Technology,
2024
Texas A&M University
Decision Support System In The Transfer Of Grassland Technology, J W. Stuth, W T. Hamilton, J C. Conner, D P. Sheehy
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A world-wide demand for sustainable development of our grazinglands has placed an unprecedented urgency to determine mechanisms to develop and transfer technology that meets the needs of individual landholders and overarching values of society. Unfortunately, advances in science and technology have outstripped our ability lo organise information into a usable form using traditional institutions. The emergence of computer technology with high power/ cost ratios has accelerated interest in computerised decision support systems (DSS) over the past 10 years. These systems assist resource managers in dealing with complex planning problems by allowing exploration of alternatives and selection of appropriate technology. If …
Software For Grassland Management For The Supply Of Fresh Feed For Stall-Feeding And/Or Grazing And For Conservation In Combination With Feed Production On Arable Land,
2024
Dummerstorf-Rostock
Software For Grassland Management For The Supply Of Fresh Feed For Stall-Feeding And/Or Grazing And For Conservation In Combination With Feed Production On Arable Land, A Chudy
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Tasks, fundamentals and methodics (algorithms) of software for the projection of feed production (FUPRO) as part of an integrated software program (the package Futterplanung), are described. It covers total feed-economic relations, starting from the use of agricultural acreage up to specific animal requirement.
Sward Production Estimated By Spectral Reflectance,
2024
Debrecen University of Agricultural Sciences
Sward Production Estimated By Spectral Reflectance, G Nagy, V Zilinyi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A non-destructive spectral reflectance method was used for the measurement of aerial biomass yields of different grasslands. Vegetation indices {VI) were calculated from the green, red and near-infrared light reflectance. These indices were compared with actual grass yields cut just after the reflectance measurement. The correlation coefficient between actual yields and VI was significant (r=0.969,n=24). This non-destructive technique is therefore a reliable tool for the estimation of standing biomass of grasslands.
Inference Space Choices In Combined Mixed Model Analyses Of Discrete Grazing Trials,
2024
University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Inference Space Choices In Combined Mixed Model Analyses Of Discrete Grazing Trials, H A. Fribourg, R W. Thompson, J C. Waller, W L. Sanders
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Grazing trials are limited by financial and logistical constraints that restrict duration and number of treatments to be investigated. Combining data from independent trials may be a feasible way to circumvent these constraints and provide a more meaningful body of information. Datasets were pooled from 12 independent trials conducted during the last 13 springs at 9 locations in 7 USA eastern states (a total of 37 location/ years) to provide combined estimates of steer (Bos taurus) performance on Festuca arundinacea pastures free of or infested with the endophytic fungus Acrenoium coenophialium, and to demonstrate the effectiveness and …
An Expert System To Advise Tasmanian Farmers On Pasture Mixtures And Fodder Crops,
2024
DPIF Tasmania
An Expert System To Advise Tasmanian Farmers On Pasture Mixtures And Fodder Crops, Peter Gillard
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In Tasmania, the Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries needed to find a more effective method of informing farmers obout the best pasture and forage species. PASTURBPAK, an expert system, was designed to meet this need. The program offers advice on mixtures of species and lists cultivars that are adapted to the environment, and the need of the farmer and livestock type. Seed merchants have installed the software to make the information available when farmers buy seed. Sales starf can now instantly access the corporate expertise of DPIF, and offer customers printed advice specific to their need. The relevance of …
Comparison Of Two Calibration Procedures For Predicting Leaf Percentages From Forage Sorghums And Pearlmillets Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy,
2024
Texas Tech University
Comparison Of Two Calibration Procedures For Predicting Leaf Percentages From Forage Sorghums And Pearlmillets Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy, T P. Karnezos, A G. Matches, J W. Keeling
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A rapid method for determining leaf percentage (LP) from forage sorghums (Sorglium bicolor (L.) Moench) and pearlmillets (Pennisetum americaum (L.) Leeke) is reported. Our objective was to develop and compare two near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) calibration methods for predicting LP. Calibration methods developed were: I) leaves assigned a value of 99.99% leaf and 0.01 % stem, and stems a value of 99.99% stem and 0.01% leaf; and 2) ground leaf and stem samples mixed by weight to obtain a range of LP. Samples were scanned using NIRS and calibration equations developed. Equations had coefficients of multiple determination (R2) …
Computer Simulation To Aid The Development, Transfer An Adoption Of Alternative Forage Conservation Systems,
2024
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Computer Simulation To Aid The Development, Transfer An Adoption Of Alternative Forage Conservation Systems, C A. Rotz, D R. Buckmaster
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A computer simulation model of forage production, conservation and use was developed to evaluate forage technologies. The model simulates forage losses and quality changes along with the use and costs of machines, structures, labour, fuel, chemicals, etc. Alfalfa and corn produced on the farm arc supplemented with purchased feeds to feed a dairy herd or they are sold. Simulation over many years of weather conditions provides a long-term evaluation of the performance and economics of alternative forage systems. Simulation results provide manufacturers with design-performance constraints which aid the development of new products. Adoption of available forage technology is aided by …
Developing Long-Term Weather Records For Use With Rangeland Management Modelsc,
2024
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Developing Long-Term Weather Records For Use With Rangeland Management Modelsc, Clayton L. Hanson, J Ross Wight
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The use of natural resource models for research and management of rangeland ecosystems is limited by the unavailability of long-term weather records. This paper identifies sources of weather information for the United States; suggests methods for estimating missing records; and illustrates the use of double-mass curve procedures for evaluating the quality of data sets. Where weather data are limited in ducat ion or unavailable, stochastic weather generation is an option to simulate daily weather records.
Making Models Easy To Use,
2024
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Making Models Easy To Use, J Ross Wight, Clayton L. Hanson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A major limitation to the application of natural resource models to resource management problems is the unavailability of input information and complexity of model operation and output interpretation. These problems can be moderated by using synthetic weather data, algorithms and expert systems to calculate model parameters and input variables and computer programs to simplify development of input data files and interpretation of output results. This paper summarises some of the procedures and techniques that can be used to make models easier to use and more useful as management tools.
Simulation Models As Decision Aids For Management Of Rangeland Ecosystems,
2024
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Simulation Models As Decision Aids For Management Of Rangeland Ecosystems, J Ross Wight, Clayton L. Hanson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Rangeland simulation models have been used primarily as research tools to synthesise and organise information and to conceptualise and describe the interacting components of the ecosystem. Their application as decision aids for range management has not been developed. This paper discusses ways simulation models, such as SPUR· (Simulation of Production and Utilisation of Rangelands), can be used to forecast herbage p1oduction and the occurrence of biological windows, enhance monitoring, and predict the impacts of management and climate change on the soil, water, and plant resources including species composition.
Models Of Pasture Production To Aid On-Farm Decision Making In New Zealand,
2024
AgResearch, NZ
Models Of Pasture Production To Aid On-Farm Decision Making In New Zealand, J A. Baars, M D. Rollo
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Two microcomputer-based predictive pasture models, for use in decision making by agricultural consultants and industry, are described. The first model (GRASS) was developed to understand the interactions between environment and management. The second model supplies pasture growth rates for current or predicted weather conditions by adjustment of stored actual average fortnightly pasture growth rates for a wide range of measurement sites. Ways are described in which the models are being used in transfer of technology.
Production Of Dryland Lucerne In The Western And Southern Cape Regions Of South Africa,
2024
Elsenburg Agricultural Development Institute
Production Of Dryland Lucerne In The Western And Southern Cape Regions Of South Africa, J M. Van Heerden
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Cutting trials were conducted with lucerne (Medicago sativa) cv. S A Standard under dryland conditions over a period of 8 (1982 to 1989) years at 2 sites, one each in the western (Elsenburg) and southern (Tygerhoek) Cape. The sites differed in soil type and rainfall distribution. Replicated plots were harvested at 3 set frequencies (4·, 6- and 8- weekly). Production was lowest during summer and highest in late spring and increased with decreased harvesting frequency at both sites. These data were used to derive equations for the extrapolation of the seasonal yield. Inputs into the model 11cc average …
Graze Model: Importance Of Simulating Conceptual Grazing Areas Within A Paddock,
2024
University of Florida
Graze Model: Importance Of Simulating Conceptual Grazing Areas Within A Paddock, Otto J. Loewer, L D. Parsch, H D. Scott, C P. West, A L. Goetsch
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The selective grazing logic within the computer simulation model GRAZE was tested to determine if predicted ·results differed appreciably from situations ·where non-selective grazing logic· was used. Results indicated that predictions would_ differ somewhat." The main cause of the differences was determined to be the simulated levels of plant dry matter availability, which were considerably higher when non-selective· grazing was used.
