Variation In Intake Rate And Mastication By Grazing Steers In The Spring,
2024
North Carolina State University
Variation In Intake Rate And Mastication By Grazing Steers In The Spring, G P. Cosgrove, J C. Burns, D S. Fisher, K R. Pond, J P. Mueller
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Changes in intake ,ate (IR), bite mass (BM), and biting rate (BR) and ingestive mastication of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schrcb; TF), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L; OG) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne L: RG) were studied over 3 grazings between early spring and early summer of 2 consecutive years. Defoliation by steers started at 100 mm canopy height (Tl) and terminated at 50 mm (T2). At Tl, and again at T2, ocsophageal-fistulated steers were used to estimate IR, BM and BR and to provide extrusa samples for determination of 1nasticatc particle size after dry sieving. At Tl there …
Varietal Differences In The Heifer Preference Of Orchardgrass,
2024
National Grassland Research Institute
Varietal Differences In The Heifer Preference Of Orchardgrass, K Mizuno, S Shioya, F Fujimoto, M Kanbe
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Heifer preferences of 14 varieties of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) were studied using a tough cafeteria method throughout the growing season in 1991. Highly significant differences in heifer preferences between varieties were recognised through the 1st harvest in April to the 6th harvest in November. Several agronomic characters were negatively correlated with heifer preferences in each harvest: stage of maturity in the spring growth, occurrence of rhynchosporium scald (Rhynchosporium ortliosporum Caldwell) in the summer regrowth in July and of stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers, f. sp. dactylitis Guyot and Massenot) in the autumn regrowth. However, leaf flexibility was …
Comparison Of Bite Weight And Bite Dimensions Of Sheep And Goats Grazing A Range Of Grasses And Clovers,
2024
AgResearch, NZ
Comparison Of Bite Weight And Bite Dimensions Of Sheep And Goats Grazing A Range Of Grasses And Clovers, Y Gong, J Hodgson, M G. Lambert, A.C P. Chu, I L. Gordon
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Response patterns in bite weight and bite dimensions of sheep and goats were evaluated using 3 grasses and 3 clovers sampled at 2 stages of maturity offered as prepared turves to animals confined in metabolism crates. Average bite weight across 12 sward types (6 forages x 2- stages) was similar for sheep and goats, but goats had greater bile weight per unit LW0•75 tlian sheep, Despite being shorter, the much denser clover swards resulted in larger bite weight than did grass swards. The taller reproductive swards enabled animals to harvest greater bite weights than did vegetative swards. Sheep obtained heavier …
Influence Of Sward Characteristics On The Diet Selected By Grazing Sheep In Perennial Ryegrass Swards Maintained At Two Sward Heights,
2024
AgResearch, NZ
Influence Of Sward Characteristics On The Diet Selected By Grazing Sheep In Perennial Ryegrass Swards Maintained At Two Sward Heights, H Clark
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) swards were continuously but variably stocked to maintain a sward surface height (SSH) of either 4 cm or 3cm for 2 grazing seasons (1983, 1984). The lower sward height resulted in less length of leaf per tiller but this was balanced by a higher tiller population such that there were only small differences between the swards in green leaf mass per ha. In 1984 the green tissue ai1d the green leaf mass increased on both swards despite there being no change in the average sward height. This was due to an increased length of material …
Relationship Between Sward Structure And Dietary Quality And Intake, In Cattle Grazing Humid Sour Grassveld In South Africap,
2024
University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg
Relationship Between Sward Structure And Dietary Quality And Intake, In Cattle Grazing Humid Sour Grassveld In South Africap, P J. O'Reagain, M Haller, P.J K. Zacharias
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The relationship between sward structure, and dietary quality and intake was investigated for cattle grazing humid sour grassveld in south Africa. A 2-ha site was divided into 6 equal-sized blocks with; each block being managed to achieve a different sward structure using rotation·a1 grazing of cattle at 3, 5, 8, 11, 16 or 20 week intervals. Before to grazing, sward structure was quantified in terms. of tuft height, leaf table height, stemminess and greenness of the 3 most abundant species as well as sward leaf density. Oesophageal i fistulates were used to estimate dietary quality, bite rate, bite size, and …
Bite And Bolus Size Of Japanese Black Cattle Grazing Trays Of Perennial Ryegrass Of Different Heights,
2024
National Grassland Research Institute
Bite And Bolus Size Of Japanese Black Cattle Grazing Trays Of Perennial Ryegrass Of Different Heights, Shigeru Shioya, Kazuhiko Ochiai, Yasuko Togamura, K Betteridge
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
To determine the influence of grass .height on ingestive behaviour of Japanese Black cattle, bite size and bolus size of a Japanese Black heifer (230 kg body weight) and a Japanese Black cow (450 kg body weight) were estimated on perennial ryegrass (Lolium pere,me L.) turfs. Turfs in trays (460x600xl00 mm) were fed to the cattle for up to 3 min and reductions in turf weight were measured. One high (25 cm), 2 medium (13 cm) and 2 low (6 cm) turfs were offered to each animal. Bite size (dry matter intake/bite) both for the heifer and cow was greatest …
Comparison Of The Grazing Habits Of Japanese Black And Holstein Steers On Semi-Natural And Improved Pastures In Japan,
2024
National Grassland Research Institute
Comparison Of The Grazing Habits Of Japanese Black And Holstein Steers On Semi-Natural And Improved Pastures In Japan, Akihisa Yamada, Hiroshi Dohi, Shigeki Entsu
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The grazing habit of 6 Japanese Black and 6 Holstein steers was compared on semi-natural pasture and improved perennial ryegrasswhite clover (Lolium perenne-Trifolium repens pasture in Japan. Japanese Black steers spent less time eating than Holstein steers on improved pasture. The ratio of walking while eating to total walking distance was lower for Japanese Blacks than for Holsteins, On the semi-natural pasture, Japanese Blacks .spent more time grazing than Holsteins and Japanese Blacks walked faster than Holsteins. On seminatural pasture, Japanese Blacks picked upper leaves always walking forward.
Botanical Composition Dynamics And Herbage Mass In Pasture Mixtures In The Mountainous Regions Of Guizhou Province, China,
2024
Gansu Grassland Ecological Research Institute
Botanical Composition Dynamics And Herbage Mass In Pasture Mixtures In The Mountainous Regions Of Guizhou Province, China, W L. Jiang, A. C P. Chu, J Z. Ren
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Competition is a major cause of changes in the botanical composition and yield of pastures. Species that are compatible with each other do not utilise the same resources at the same time and therefore suffer less competition. Selecting compatible species in a mixture could thus enhance the yield and stability of the sward. The objective of this experiment was to compare the yield and botanical composition of a range of pasture species sown in simple or complex mixtures. Complex mixtures of more than 2 species tended lo outyield simple mixtures, and swards with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) tended …
Grazing Behavior Of Beef Cattle During First-Time Exposure To A Pearl Millet Pasture Treated With A Chemical Plant-Growth Regulator,
2024
University of Kentucky
Grazing Behavior Of Beef Cattle During First-Time Exposure To A Pearl Millet Pasture Treated With A Chemical Plant-Growth Regulator, J E. Arias, C T. Dougherty, M Collins
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Twelve tethered Angus cows were used to estimate 1he effect of structure and chemical composition of a pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum L. Leeke cv, Tifleaf-.2. hybrid) pasture.on grazing. behaviour. Cerone (ethephon (2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid) plant growth retardant (fOR) was broadcast, establishing canopy heights of 0.855, 0.716 and 0,829 m;• neutral detergent fibr�� (NDP) of 65,3, 63 .. 4 ·and 64.91/'; acid detergent • fibre (ADF) of 37.6, 36.2 and,37.5%: and in vitro organic .matter digestibility (lVOMD) of 66.4, 67 .9 and 66.9% (Treatment 1. (Tl), T2 and ·T3, respectively). ·Effective biting rate (BBR) averaged 24, 28 an!l 25 bites/min …
Atmospheric Sulpher Inputs In Rainfall In Southern New Zealand,
2024
MAF Technology Invernay Agricultural Centre
Atmospheric Sulpher Inputs In Rainfall In Southern New Zealand, C C. Boswell, W H. Risk, R J. Littlejohn
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Rainfall was collected from 53 sites, arranged in 5 transects across the southern lowlands of the South Island of New Zealand, over a 12-month period. Atmospheric sulphur (S) inputs· in rainfall ranged from l to 38 kg S/ha/annum, Close correlation of sulphate and chloride· showed most of the S was of marine origin. S inputs were highest at the coast and declined inland linearly with the log of distance from the coast, with different intercept parameters between transects. This reflected different amounts of protection from the prevailing southwesterly (SW) weather between transects. SW rainfall delivered most S and sites exposed …
Improvement Of Grass-Dominated Swards By Sod-Seeding In Eastern Hokkaido, Japan,
2024
Hokkaido Prefectural Konsen Agricultural Experiment Station
Improvement Of Grass-Dominated Swards By Sod-Seeding In Eastern Hokkaido, Japan, Yoshihiko Takeda
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Introduction of forage legumes into grass-dominant swards by sodseeding may greatly improve vegetation and herbage production. Two field experiments were carried out to introduce red clover (Trifolimn pratense L.) into timothy (Phleum pratense L.)-dominant swards by the cultivation of sward surface without chemical suppression of existing timothy: I) Cultivation of the whole grassland (A) with rotary-harrow or disc-harrow or the partial cultivation (B) with slot-seeder, using John Deere PowrTillseeder or Hunter Rotary strip seeder, provided satisfactory seed-bed forsod-seeded clover, 2) Suppression effects on existing timothy by cultivation treatments influenced the establishment of sod-seeded clover, and effects varied …
Improvement Of Red Clover Persistence In Japan,
2024
Hokkaido Agricultural Experiment Station
Improvement Of Red Clover Persistence In Japan, Hidekazu Yamaguchi, Akira Sawai, Kazuhiro Uchiyama
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Two new cultivars Hokuseki and Taisetsu of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) were selected for disease tolerance and high vigour in the third year of growth to improve persistence. This· paper compares persistence of the cultivars with that of·Sapporo, a check cultivar, and elucidates what determines the persistence of the cultivars. Five-year tests showed that Hokuseki and Taisetsu yielded higher than Sapporo in later years. The cultivars were more tolerant than Sapporo, to Sclerotinia trifoliorum and some other diseases. These results suggest that selection for high vigour in the third year under snowy conditions was effective. in selecting for persistence …
Rapid Wilting With A Large Scale Forage Mat Maker,
2024
Agriculture Canada
Rapid Wilting With A Large Scale Forage Mat Maker, P Savoie, D Tremblay, R Michaud
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Forage mat making is a process that combines 4 operations in a single machine: mowing the fresh crop, maceration with grinding rolls, compression of the mashed forage into a thin mat and deposition on the stubble for natural air drying. A large-1cale forage mat maker was recently built by our research group in Canada. It incorporates a 2.1 m wide mower, 8 seraced rolls 1.5 m wide and a belt press system' producing a continuous mat 1.2 m wide. The prototype was used to · evaluate wilting of lucerne in field conditions. Matted lucerne initially at 81 % moisture reached …
Performance Of Subterranean Clover Int He Central Andes Of Peru,
2024
CIAT
Performance Of Subterranean Clover Int He Central Andes Of Peru, Brigitte L. Maass, Custodio L. Bojorquez
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The central Andes of Peru are characterised by moderately acid soils, a pronounced dry season of 4-5 months and temperatures that decrease as night frosts increase with altitude. Above an altitude of 3200 m asl, the proportion of pastures in land use increases. However, native pastures lack sufficient quality and quantity to maintain· animal production, particularly in the dry season. Where irrigation is not available, introducing annual legumes may be an option to improve native pastures. In a trial to test adaptation of subterra.nean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.), 5 Australian cultivars were sown at 4 different altitudes between 3300 …
Breeding Italian Ryegrass For A Heavy Snowfall Area In Japan, Improving The Two Aspects Of Snow Endurance,
2024
Hokuriku National Experiment Station
Breeding Italian Ryegrass For A Heavy Snowfall Area In Japan, Improving The Two Aspects Of Snow Endurance, Makoto Kobayashi, Kazuhiro Tase, Tomoyuki Yukawa, Katsuo Egara
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
in parts of Japan, snow endurance is the most critical factor for winter crop production. To overcome the problem, a breeding , programme of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) was started In 1962 and led to the release of the tetraploid variety Miyukiaoba, which has an extremely high level of snow endurance. It is shown· that snow, endurance has resulted from the resistance to snow mold; disease, especially Pythium paddicum and Typhula incarnata. Accumulation of fructan (fructose polymer) also plays an important role in survival under snow. This study demonstrates the relationship of the 2 aspects to snow …
Early And Late Grazing Of Cocksfoot And Tall Fescue Hay Fields Overseeded With Red Clover,
2024
West Virginia University
Early And Late Grazing Of Cocksfoot And Tall Fescue Hay Fields Overseeded With Red Clover, E C. Prigge, W B. Bryan, E S. Goldman, G E. D'Souza
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Grazing hay fields with beef cattle during portions of the year when hay is traditionally fed, was examined to yield, quality of forage and composition of the sward. Pour managements were compared: early spring, one hay cutting, and late autumn grazing (GHG), 2 hay cuttings (HH), early spring grazing and 2 hay cuttings (GHH), and 1 hay culling and late au1umn· grazing (HG). The managements were applied lo tall foscue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) (TP) and cocksfool (Dactylis glomerata L.) (Cfl) hay fields, overseeded with red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Annual herbage dry mailer production from the plots …
Co-Operative Evaluation Of Northern Hemisphere Grassland Germplasm In Inner Mongolia And The Western United States,
2024
Soil Conservation Service
Co-Operative Evaluation Of Northern Hemisphere Grassland Germplasm In Inner Mongolia And The Western United States, Larry K. Holzworth, Gu Anlin, J Scheetz, J Carlson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Inner Mongolia, Peoples Republic of China (PRC) and the western United States (USA) have deteriorated or altered grasslands needing revegetation and stabilisation for soil protection and sustained production. The semi-arid and arid grasslands of Inner Mongolia and the western USA are ecologically similar in structure and function. Bach can contribute elite germplasm for revegetation programs on both continents. Evaluation trials were established jointly in Inner Mongolia and in the northern intermountain west USA by Chinese and American scientists during 1991 and 1993. Entries included Asian and North American plant materials. Results of these cooperative trials show many species having high …
Factors Affecting Winter Survival Of Dactylis Glomerata In Alberta, Canada,
2024
University of Alberta
Factors Affecting Winter Survival Of Dactylis Glomerata In Alberta, Canada, Jane R. King, G A. Van Esbroeck
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Dactylis glomerata (orchardgrass) is not completely winter hardy under the extreme continental climate of the Canadian prairies. It grows vigorously in the autumn, but cutting or grazing at this time may affect its winter survival. Miniature snow fences (30 cm) were used to examine the interaction between autumn harvest date and stubble height effects on winter survival and subsequent yields. Plants cut in September and October had lower autumn carbohydrate storage levels and, in the absence of a snow fence, suffered more winter kill and had lower spring yields than plants cut in August. The presence of a snow fence …
Selection For Improved Low Temperature Germination Of White Clover Seed,
2024
AgResearch, NZ
Selection For Improved Low Temperature Germination Of White Clover Seed, J R. Caradus
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Selections were made within 10 cultivars of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) for rapid germination rale al 4°C. There were 2 selection cycles and progeny from crosses between genotypes selected from within cultivars were compared wilh the original unselected cultivar seed lines for ability to germinate at 4°C. There ·was significant variation among control cultivars and among selected lines for germination rate index at 4°C. Cultivars from northern Europe had a higher germination rate index than cultivars from New Zealand, Australia and Israel. Selection for increased germination rate index at 4°C was successful and the relationship between germination rate …
Effects Of Grassland Burning During Early Spring In Korea,
2024
Livestock experiment station, Korea
Effects Of Grassland Burning During Early Spring In Korea, Sung Seo
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A field experiment was carried out in 1989 and 1990 to determine the effects of dead material (length 15 cm and 30 cm), date of burning (21 February, 2 March, I I March and 20 March) and a non-burning control treatment during eacly spring on grass growth, yield, and nutritive value in existing pasture dominated by orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). On average burning treatments increased the soil surface temperature and the 10 cm soil depth temperature by S.5°C and 2.8°C respectively. A little burning damage was present after the burn on 20 March. However, burning, date of burning or …
