The Death Of Plants In Animals,
2023
Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, UK
The Death Of Plants In Animals, M. K. Theodorou, A. Kingston-Smith, P. Morris
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
It is necessary first to understand some of the basic concepts associated with the digestion of the plant biomass within the rumen when considering mechanisms for altering/enhancing N-conversion efficiency in the forage-fed ruminant. Although it is generally assumed that breakdown of plant proteins in the rumen is mediated by microbial enzymes, there is increasing evidence to suggest that both plant and microbial proteases are active during degradation of ingested fresh forage (Beha et al., 2002; Kingston-Smith & Theodorou, 2000; Kingston-Smith et al., 2003, 2004). After fresh plant biomass enters the rumen and prior to extensive plant cell wall …
Anthelmintic Effects Of Sericea Lespedeza Hay Fed To Goats Infected With Haemonchus Contortus,
2023
Fort Valley State University
Anthelmintic Effects Of Sericea Lespedeza Hay Fed To Goats Infected With Haemonchus Contortus, S. A. Shaik, T. H. Terrill, J. E. Miller, B. Kouakou, G. Kannan, R. M. Kaplan, J. M. Burke, J. A. Mosjidis
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Infection with gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN), particularly Haemonchus contortus, is the major hindrance to economic goat production in the southern USA. Grazing forages high in condensed tannins (CT) or adding purified CT to the diet has been shown to reduce numbers of parasite eggs in sheep and goat faeces (Min & Hart, 2003). An alternative to grazing is feeding hay from CT-containing forages to livestock to reduce the effects of GIN (Shaik et al., 2004). The purpose of the current study was to test potential anthelmintic effects of feeding sericea lespedeza [(Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.-Cours.) G. Don] hay to …
Pollen Viability And Seed Setting In Egyptian Clover Under Open And Caged Conditions,
2023
Punjab Agricultural University, India
Pollen Viability And Seed Setting In Egyptian Clover Under Open And Caged Conditions, B. L. Bhardwaj, A. Kumar
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Grown on an area of about 200Kha annually, Egyptian clover (berseem) is the most important winter forage crop of Punjab. Its seed production is erratic due to several factors, including high temperature during flowering, which may affect pollen viability and the role of insect pollinators. Hence, berseem seed production is an entomological problem as much as a botanical one. We studied pollen viability under open and caged conditions, and the role of honeybees in seed setting.
Effect Of Pre-Planting Seed Treatment Options On Dormancy Breaking And Germination Of Ziziphus Mucronata,
2023
University of Pretoria, South Africa
Effect Of Pre-Planting Seed Treatment Options On Dormancy Breaking And Germination Of Ziziphus Mucronata, Abubeker Hassen, N. F. G. Rethman, Willem A. Van Niekerk
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Ziziphus mucronata (Buffalo thorn) is a multipurpose tree, widely adapted to a range of ecological conditions and tolerant of extreme climatic conditions, including frost and drought (Venter & Venter, 1996). It is a valuable fodder tree for livestock and game animals, especially in the drier parts of Africa (Rothauge et al. 2003). Similar to many other leguminous species, establishment is constrained by low and erratic germination of the seed, which has been attributed mainly to the physical barrier of the stony endocarp and dormancy associated with seed coat impermeability . This experiment aimed to compare the suitability of various …
Seed Production And Resource Allocation In Three Cultivars Of Achnatherum Hymenoides, Nevada, Usa,
2023
University of Nevada, Reno
Seed Production And Resource Allocation In Three Cultivars Of Achnatherum Hymenoides, Nevada, Usa, Barry L. Perryman, C. A. Busso, Hudson A. Glimp
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Plant production is partially determined by resource allocation among various organs (Monsi & Murata, 1970), however, studies on dry matter partitioning among different plant organs are scarce in general (Marceli, 1996), and lacking in Achnatherum hymenoides. This study compared dry matter production and partitioning among three commercial cultivars (Paloma, Nezpar and Rimrock) of A. hymenoides and identified growth and developmental characteristics that could indicate potential seed production. In addition, the relationship between an organ weight as a percent of total aerial plant biomass was assessed.
Root Senescence In Red Clover (Trifolium Pratense L.),
2023
Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, UK
Root Senescence In Red Clover (Trifolium Pratense L.), K. J. Webb, E. Tuck, S. Heywood, M. T. Abberton
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Legume root systems form a mosaic of living, ageing and dead roots and nodules. The balance between these stages alters during plant development. Stressful events (drought, temperature change, reduced carbon supply, etc.) disturb the balance (Butler et al., 1959). Effects of root and nodule death on soil structure, composition and leaching and on plant persistency are understood poorly. Plants with differing senescence patterns are useful tools to study these effects. Molecular studies of root senescence need detailed knowledge of the process and timing of root senescence and death. Biochemical and histochemical markers of senescence were used to generate preliminary …
Modelling Of Nitrogen Allocation And Partitioning Within Lucerne (Medicago Sativa) Shoot Tissues During Recovery From Defoliation: An Approach To Estimate Forage Production And Nitrogen Composition, F. Meuriot, A. Escobar-Gutiérrez, J-C. Avice, J-C. Simon, F. Lesuffleur, F. Gastal
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Lucerne has been grown over centuries for forage. Its forage production is strongly correlated to the initial taproot and stubble N reserves (Avice et al., 1996; Meuriot et al., 2004). However, the influence of cutting management on the level of N storage and the contribution of these N reserves to forage production still remain unclear and need to be studied at the whole plant level. For this purpose, a deterministic model of N allocation within the different organs and partitioning within different biochemical N pools was developed for lucerne with high and low initial N status and cutting …
Utilisation Of Photosynthetic Active Radiation By Grasslands In Time And In Space,
2023
Orel State Agrarian University, Russia
Utilisation Of Photosynthetic Active Radiation By Grasslands In Time And In Space, V. V. Kolomeychenko
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Natural grasslands occupy about 3b ha worldwide This is twice the area of arable lands (McCloud, 1974), making it particularly important to understand the energetic relationships of grasslands. This paper contributes to such an understanding for the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Russia.
Persistence Strategy Of Panicum Maximum Cv. Tanzania In Grazed Pastures,
2023
EMBRAPA, Brazil
Persistence Strategy Of Panicum Maximum Cv. Tanzania In Grazed Pastures, Patricia M. Santos, L. G. H. De Camargo, M. M. Santoni, N. A. De Souza, C. H. B. A. Prado, C. M. B. Nussio
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In many cases, tiller age cohorts survival diagrams show seasonal increases or decreases in rates of tiller birth and death, which may be regarded as persistence strategy (Matthew et al., 2000). The aim of this work was to analyse tiller demographic information of P. maximum cv. Tanzania to determine its persistence strategy.
Are Leaf Traits Stable Enough To Rank Native Grasses In Contrasting Growth Conditions?,
2023
INRA, France
Are Leaf Traits Stable Enough To Rank Native Grasses In Contrasting Growth Conditions?, V. Poozesh, R. Al Haj Khaled, P. Ansquer, J. P. Theau, M. Duru, G. Bertoni, P. Cruz
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The growing interest in classifying species in response groups relating to variations in environmental factors has triggered the search for functional traits that express differences in ecological behaviour among plant species (Lavorel & Garnier, 2002). Specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) reflect a fundamental trade-off in plant functioning between a fast growth rate (high SLA, low LDMC species) and nutrient conservation (low SLA, high LDMC species). This study aimed to analyse the stability of ranking native grasses by SLA and LDMC values under different plant growing conditions.
Gas Exchange And Stomatal Density Of Brachiaria Brizantha In A Silvopastoral System During One Dry Period,
2023
Embrapa, Brazil
Gas Exchange And Stomatal Density Of Brachiaria Brizantha In A Silvopastoral System During One Dry Period, M. Rakocevic, F. C. De Oliveira, J. Ribaski
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The integration of grasses and trees strips (silvopastoral systems, SPS) planted on the contours can be economically beneficial and at the same time reduce erosion (Schaller et al.., 2003). The production of the grass component varies depending on the orientation of the tree strips and distance between trees (Rakocevic & Ribaski, 2003). The aim of this study was to determine the leaf anatomical and functional properties of Brachiaria brizantha Hochst. ex A. Rich. (Bb), in a SPS with Corymbia citriodora Hook. (Cc), in relation to tree orientation and proximity, during one dry period.
Temperature Response Comparison Of Controlled And Field Environments For Four Tropical Grasses,
2023
Nagasaki Livestock Experiment Station, Japan
Temperature Response Comparison Of Controlled And Field Environments For Four Tropical Grasses, S. Fukagawa, Yasuyuki Ishii, K. Sato, R. Kobayashi, I. Hattori
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Tropical grasses are cultivated mostly as annuals in the warm region of SW Japan. They have a long-term sowing time after harvesting temperate Italian ryegrass. We compared the early growth of tropical grasses in a controlled environment vs. field data at 2 sowing times to determine their temperate response.
Microcalorimeter As A Biologic Activity Monitor For The Study Of Brachiaria Brizantha Seed Germination Process,
2023
Campinas State University, Brazil
Microcalorimeter As A Biologic Activity Monitor For The Study Of Brachiaria Brizantha Seed Germination Process, M. A. Barboza, P. L. O. Volpe, R. Usberti, J. F. G. Faigle, R. H. Aguiar
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Calorimetry helps better understanding of biological processes (Calvet & Prat, 1963). Very sensitive thermal sensors and microcalorimeters allow real time investigation and monitoring heat production of seed germination but few experiments have been performed in this area (Sigstad & Prado, 1999). Moreover, experimental procedures correlating germination phenomena and chemical thermodynamics are exceptional (Barboza, 2002). One can detect calorimetrically the heat flow produced during seed germination and compare the results with data recorded using standard germination methodology (ISTA, 1985). Seed germination and the biomass increase respiration and determination of the energy involved aids understanding of the energetic cycle involved. This work …
Effect Of Defoliation Interval On Regrowth Of Leaves And Roots, And Tiller Number Of Cocksfoot Plants,
2023
Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research, Australia
Effect Of Defoliation Interval On Regrowth Of Leaves And Roots, And Tiller Number Of Cocksfoot Plants, L. R. Turner, D. J. Donaghy, P. A. Lane
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The key to defoliation management for optimal production and persistence of pasture lies in the use of a physiological basis for defoliation interval (specific to plant type), as opposed to a regime based on time or the height of herbage. The full expansion of a particular number of leaves/tiller is a useful plant-related indicator of optimal defoliation timing. Leaf regrowth stage ('leaf stage') reflects the stage of plant recovery from defoliation as regards plant energy levels (Fulkerson & Donaghy, 2001). The level of water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) reserves in grass tiller bases influences the rate of regrowth after defoliation, affecting the …
Morphogenetic Characteristics Of Panicum Maximum Cv. Aruana Subjected To Five Defoliation Stubble Heights And Two Frequencies,
2023
Instituto de Zootecnia, Brazil
Morphogenetic Characteristics Of Panicum Maximum Cv. Aruana Subjected To Five Defoliation Stubble Heights And Two Frequencies, D. D. Carvalho, Alessandra A. Giacomini
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Tillers in grass swards are subject to size density compensation and this mechanism has been observed to follow the -3/2 self thinning rule. This theory assumes that tiller components (leaf lamina and stems) have a constant geometry as the sward is taller or shorter. In a re examination of this rule (SackvilleHamilton et al., 1995) observed that in grass swards the slope can be different from -3/2 depending on the extremes of defoliation (Hernandez-Garay et al., 1999). Therefore, the dimensionless measure, R (ratio tiller leaf area : volume) was proposed to isolate the tiller geometry component from the …
Long Term Tiller Population Dynamics In Swards Of Grasses With Contrasting Persistence Strategy,
2023
INRA, France
Long Term Tiller Population Dynamics In Swards Of Grasses With Contrasting Persistence Strategy, F. Gastal, C. Matthew
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The lifespan of individual grass tillers usually does not exceed 12-15 months, because of death of tillers after floral induction and development, or randomly from disease or other factors. Persistence of the tiller population over several years, and associated long term maintenance of the sward, thus depends on the rate of turnover of individual tillers. This study aimed to characterise seasonal and management conditions critical for tiller turnover and its components, tiller birth and tiller death. Two grasses were investigated: Festuca arundinacea and Lolium multiflorum, having high and low persistence, respectively.
The Effect Of Blue Light On Leaf Growth And Plant Development In Two Morphologically Contrasted Perennial Ryegrass Genotypes: Cellular Basis And Ecological Implications,
2023
INRA, France
The Effect Of Blue Light On Leaf Growth And Plant Development In Two Morphologically Contrasted Perennial Ryegrass Genotypes: Cellular Basis And Ecological Implications, F. Gastal, A. Verdenal, P. Barre
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Several major plant responses to competition for light are determined by responses to light signals, in particular to red/far-red ratio (R/FR) and blue light, besides responses mediated through photosynthesis and carbon assimilation (Gautier et al., 1999). These responses to light signals allow plants to react to the presence of neighbours and to anticipate the impact of light competition on photosynthesis. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of blue light on leaf growth and its cellular basis, on two short and long leaved populations (FC and FL respectively), which were shown to have different competitive ability …
Shading Effect On Production And Protein Concentration Of Dactylis Glomerata And Agrostis Tenuis,
2023
University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Shading Effect On Production And Protein Concentration Of Dactylis Glomerata And Agrostis Tenuis, A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez, S. Rodríguez-Barreira, M. R. Mosquera-Losada
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Silvopastoral systems make compatible livestock and timber production and provide important advantages from economic and ecological points of view (Sibbald, 1996). Around one million ha of new afforested areas promoted by the EU Common Agricultural Policy have been established in the last decade, that can be used as potential silvopastoral system areas. Pasture production is usually reduced in dense stands as trees grow up due to the light interception by the tree crown, but the radiation reaching the soil will depend on the tree type and this will affect herbaceous species composition and development. The aim of this work was …
Net Photosynthesis Rate And Chlorophyll Content Of Caucasian And White Clover Leaves Under Different Temperature Regimes,
2023
Teagasc, Ireland
Net Photosynthesis Rate And Chlorophyll Content Of Caucasian And White Clover Leaves Under Different Temperature Regimes, A. D. Black, R. J. Lucas, D. J. Moot
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In spring and summer in intensive temperate pastures, Caucasian clover (Cc) (Trifolium ambiguum) has higher dry matter (DM) production rates than white clover (wc) (Trifolium repens) (Black et al., 2003). An examination of the physiological basis for these differences can provide a greater insight into the suitability of Cc for inclusion in temperate pastures. Specifically, leaf photosynthesis rate is a major driver of seasonal growth and is strongly regulated by temperature and chlorophyll content. This study aimed to compare the net photosynthesis rate (Pn) and chlorophyll content of Cc and wc leaves under different temperature …
Prediction Of Canopy Photosynthesis For Cocksfoot Pastures Grown Under Different Light Regimes,
2023
INTA, Argentina
Prediction Of Canopy Photosynthesis For Cocksfoot Pastures Grown Under Different Light Regimes, P. L. Peri, D. J. Moot, D. L. Mcneil
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Plants in field environments can experience frequent fluctuations in irradiance from full sun to shade caused by cloud cover, overstory shading (e.g. silvopastoral systems) and within canopy shading. Research with widely spaced radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) has suggested that due to its shade tolerance cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) is a suitable grass for silvopastoral systems. However, there is limited explanation of the physiological basis for the responses, and consequently no predictive capacity. This limits the application of results to environments, sites and seasons outside of those in which they were measured. The objectives of this study …
