High Floral Tannin White Clover Reduces Rumen Ammonia Concentrations In Dairy Cows,
2023
AgResearch Ltd, New Zealand
High Floral Tannin White Clover Reduces Rumen Ammonia Concentrations In Dairy Cows, V. T. Burggraaf, G. C. Waghorn, S. L. Woodward, D. R. Woodfield, E. R. Thom, P. D. Kemp
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
White clover produces high quality forage for ruminant production, but it results in high rumen ammonia concentrations, indicating extensive protein degradation. The excess ammonia is absorbed through the rumen and excreted as urea in urine, at a cost to the animal and the environment. Condensed tannins (CT) contained in some forages reduce proteolysis in the rumen, which can lead to increased amino acid absorption and therefore improved animal performance. White clover produces CT in its flower heads, but concentrations are normally too low to benefit animals. This paper reports on comparisons of rumen ammonia concentrations in dairy cows grazing HT …
Substrate-Dependent Activation Of Polyphenol Oxidase In Red Clover,
2023
Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, UK
Substrate-Dependent Activation Of Polyphenol Oxidase In Red Clover, Ana L. Winters, F. R. Minchin, P. Morris
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Polyphenol oxidases (PPO) are copper metaloproteins that catalyse the oxidation of o-diphenols to quinones, highly reactive molecules which readily bind to nucleophilic sites on cellular components and proteins. Red clover protein, due to this enzyme is resistant to protease degradation during. Theses enzymes (circa. 60-65 kDa) are located in the thylakoid lumen and can be converted to a 40-45 kDa form by proteolysis both in vitro and in vivo (Gelder et al., 1997). Conversion to the smaller form has been demonstrated to confer activity at neutral pH. Other treatments, such as the presence of lipids or detergents …
Variation In Protein Quality Of Forage Legumes During Spring Growth,
2023
Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Germany
Variation In Protein Quality Of Forage Legumes During Spring Growth, M. Gierus, J. Kleen, F. Taube
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The utilisation of forage legumes in combination with reduced N inputs as fertilisers is an alternative for the production of high quality forage. Although white clover (WC) is widely used in grassland and has a high content of crude protein (CP), a combination of this high CP content with a high proportion of rapidly-available proteins and fast degradation rate in the rumen may reduce the efficiency of N use by ruminants in comparison with other forage legumes. The objective of the present study was to investigate the variation in content of CP fractions A, B and C in different forage …
Effects Of Particle Size In Forage Samples For Protein Breakdown Studies,
2023
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
Effects Of Particle Size In Forage Samples For Protein Breakdown Studies, G. Pichard, C. Tapia
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Coupling ruminal processes of hydrolysis and synthesis continues to be a research issue where more progress is needed. This requires the development of good protein assessment methods, particularly when representing the breakdown processes that occur in fresh pastures eaten by herbivores. Laboratory analyses need to deal with small and homogeneous samples, but the mechanical reduction of particle size may not reflect the actual digestion kinetics occurring when the original fresh forage is consumed. Such physical traits may alter the release of non-structural compounds and the penetration of microbial enzymes (Boudon et al., 2002). The objective of this work was …
Ruminal Disappearance And Passage Rates In Fresh Nezasa Dwarf Bamboo Growing In Japanese Native Pasture,
2023
Gifu University, Japan
Ruminal Disappearance And Passage Rates In Fresh Nezasa Dwarf Bamboo Growing In Japanese Native Pasture, Masato Yayota, J. Karashima, T. Kokestu, M. Nakano, Shigeru Ohtani
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Nezasa dwarf bamboo (Pleioblastus chino makino) is one of major native forages for grazing in Japan. However its nutritional utilisation in the rumen has been little studied. The object of this research was to measure ruminal disappearance and passage rates in fresh Nezasa dwarf bamboo compared with improved grass.
Ruminal Dry Matter, Neutral Detergent Fibre And Acid Detergent Fiber Degradation Kinetics Of Dominant Pasture Forages In Kurdestan Province Of Iran,
2023
Islamic Azad University, Iran
Ruminal Dry Matter, Neutral Detergent Fibre And Acid Detergent Fiber Degradation Kinetics Of Dominant Pasture Forages In Kurdestan Province Of Iran, A. A. Sadeghi, P. Shawrang, A. Nikkhah
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) is a major chemical component of forages and its degradability (dNDF) is an essential parameter in predicting their energetic value. Moreover, dNDF has been used in models to estimate the physical fill of fibrous feeds in the rumen and, therefore, the intake capacity of animals. As the available information on the nutritive value of pastoral forages is limited a study was undertaken to measure chemical composition and cell wall degradation kinetics of eight pasture forages in the rumen.
The Effects Of Urease Source And Moisture Content On The Nutritive Value Of Brachiaria BrizantHa Hay Treated With Urea,
2023
UNESP, Brazil
The Effects Of Urease Source And Moisture Content On The Nutritive Value Of Brachiaria BrizantHa Hay Treated With Urea, Ricardo A. Reis, L. M. A. Bertipaglia, G. M. P. Melo, A. P. Oliveira, S. Luca
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Ammoniation has a high potential to increase the nutritive value (NV) of mature tropical grasses hays. Urea utilisation, like ammonia, seems to be a promising alternative for on-farm treatment of low quality forage in Brazil. Urea has the advantages over anhydrous ammonia of being widely available, easier to handle and, in some countries, less expensive. The aim of this work was to study the effects on the efficiency of urea treatment of palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) hay of the moisture level, and the urease source.
Herbage Mass And In Situ Dry Matter Ruminal Degradation Kinetics Of Brachiaria Spp,
2023
University of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico
Herbage Mass And In Situ Dry Matter Ruminal Degradation Kinetics Of Brachiaria Spp, E. Valencia-Chin, A. A. Rodríguez-Carías, R. Ramos-Santana, S. Pagán-Riestra
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In Puerto Rico, Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk has been promoted as a potential forage for acid soils and humid areas, but with limited success. Recently, B. brizantha cv. Marandú and a hybrid (B. brizantha x B. Ruziziensis) cv. Mulato were introduced for evaluation on acid soils and as a potential replacement for cv. Basilisk, but little information is available on yield performance under grazing or nutritive value. The objective of this study was to assess herbage mass and nutritive value of grazed pastures consisting of Basilisk, Marandú, and Mulato and determine the rate of in situ dry matter …
Physical Impediment Towards Digestive Breakdown In Leaf Blades Of Brachiaria Brizantha,
2023
Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Physical Impediment Towards Digestive Breakdown In Leaf Blades Of Brachiaria Brizantha, B. Lempp, Cacilda B. Do Valle, M. Das G. Morais, R. A. Borges, E. Detmann
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Consumption of grasses is influenced by the physical properties of forages which confer resistance to digestive breakdown. Such barriers may be the proportion of indigestible tissues, girder structure and epidermal cell arrangements. Anatomical factors, if identified early are invaluable tools in breeding and selection programmes for forages of high quality. The objective of this study was to verify which anatomical attributes might be interfering in the physical resistance to rumen breakdown in Brachiaria brizantha ecotypes.
Effects Of Forage Species And Stage Of Maturity On In Situ Disappearance Of Organic Matter And Fibre Fractions,
2023
University of Nevada-Reno
Effects Of Forage Species And Stage Of Maturity On In Situ Disappearance Of Organic Matter And Fibre Fractions, H. S. Hussein
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Nutrient utilisation by ruminants is altered by the forage species and its maturity. Maturity is the major factor affecting forage morphology and quality. Forage quality is reduced with maturity due to a decrease in the leaf:stem ratio and an increase in fibre components (Ugherughe, 1986). Improving forage utilisation by ruminants depends on accurate measurements of their nutritive value by using in vitro and in situ methods. The objective of this study was to assess the nutritive value (i.e., extent of in situ disappearance of organic matter [OM], neutral detergent fibre [NDF], and acid detergent fibre [ADF]) of four grass species …
The Effect Of Nitrogen Fertiliser And Season On The In Situ Degradability Of Irish Perennial Ryegrass In Cattle,
2023
Teagasc, Ireland
The Effect Of Nitrogen Fertiliser And Season On The In Situ Degradability Of Irish Perennial Ryegrass In Cattle, V. Olsson, J. J. Murphy, F. P. O'Mara, K. O'Connell, J. Humphreys, F. J. Mulligan
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In light of increasing environmental and economic pressure on agriculture to utilise resources more efficiently, protein feeding and its effects are fundamentally important. As grazed grass is the predominant feed in Irish dairy and beef cattle production systems, it is necessary to establish protein values for different grass varieties and cultivars fed. It is also important to investigate the extent of ruminal nitrogen (N) degradability for these grasses since this characteristic greatly influences environmentally damaging urinary N excretion.
The Effect Of Cow-Diet On The Fermentation Of Forages,
2023
Massey University, New Zealand
The Effect Of Cow-Diet On The Fermentation Of Forages, J. L. Burke, G. C. Waghorn, S. L. Woodward, I. M. Brookes
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In vitro fermentation of fresh forages minced to resemble chewed material have enabled net proteolysis and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production to be measured using rumen inocula from a cow fed lucerne hay (Burke et al., 2000). However both cow and diet affect the rumen cellulolytic bacterial populations (Weimer et al., 1999) and are able to influence in vitro digestion kinetics (Mertens et al., 1998). The objective of this study was to measure cow-diet effects on in vitro digestion and fermentation of perennial ryegrass (P; Lolium perenne), sulla (S; Hedysarum coronarium), maize (M; Zea maize …
Fibre Degradation Rate Of Perennial Ryegrass Varieties Measured Using Three Techniques: In Situ Nylon Bag, In Vivo Rumen Evacuation And In Vitro Gas Production,
2023
Wageningen University, The Netherlands
Fibre Degradation Rate Of Perennial Ryegrass Varieties Measured Using Three Techniques: In Situ Nylon Bag, In Vivo Rumen Evacuation And In Vitro Gas Production, H. Z. Taweel, B. M. Tas, B. A. Williams, A. Elgersma, J. Dijkstra, S. Tamminga
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In Western Europe, perennial ryegrass is the most widely used grass species for grazing cattle, because of its high productivity, palatability and nutritive value. However, the low dry matter intake (DMI) of perennial ryegrass pasture has been identified as a major factor limiting milk production of high producing dairy cows. Altering the chemical, physical and mechanical characteristics that contribute to its low DMI through grass breeding and the choice of variety may be a way forward in trying to maximise its DMI. This study aimed to examine whether perennial ryegrass varieties differ in their NDF degradation rates (kdNDF).
Perennial Ryegrass Variety Differences In Nutritive Value Characteristics,
2023
Department of Agriculture and Rural Development for Northern Ireland, UK
Perennial Ryegrass Variety Differences In Nutritive Value Characteristics, T. J. Gilliland, R. E. Agnew, A. M. Fearon, F. E. A. Wilson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Animal grazing performance at grass is predominately determined by herbage intake rates, with high yielding dairy cows requiring up to 20 kg/d DM within a limited grazing time (Gibb, 1998). Grass nutritional factors such as seasonal patterns in digestibility and water-soluble carbohydrate levels have been linked to animal productivity (Davies et al., 1991), while sward surface height, herbage mass, bulk density and green leaf mass have been shown to promote high grazing intake (Barrett et al., 2001). Furthermore, fatty acid profiles have been shown to improve the unsaturated fatty acid composition of milk, with potential human health benefits …
The Nutritional Value Of Cocksfoot (Dactylis Glomerata L.) And Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne L.) Under Leaf-Stage Based Defoliation Management,
2023
Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research, Australia
The Nutritional Value Of Cocksfoot (Dactylis Glomerata L.) And Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne L.) Under Leaf-Stage Based Defoliation Management, L. R. Turner, D. J. Donaghy, P. A. Lane
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The perception that cocksfoot is of lower nutritional value and less productive than perennial ryegrass is largely the result of studies in which management was based on perennial ryegrass (to the detriment of cocksfoot) or involved defoliation of both species at the same time (Greenhalgh & Reid, 1969; Johnson & Thomson, 1996). Maintaining plants in a vegetative state through species-specific management is essential to retain the high quality and productivity of cocksfoot. Defoliation at or before 4-5 fully expanded live leaves per tiller is recommended as the ideal physiological regrowth stage for defoliation of cocksfoot, resulting in metabolisable energy (ME) …
Effect Of Ferulic Acid Esterase Enzyme Application On The In Vitro Digestibility And In Situ Rumen Degradability Of Tropical Grasses,
2023
University of Florida
Effect Of Ferulic Acid Esterase Enzyme Application On The In Vitro Digestibility And In Situ Rumen Degradability Of Tropical Grasses, Adegbola T. Adesogan, N. Krueger, C. R. Staples, D. B. Dean, W. Krueger
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Tropical grasses are the primary staple diet of most of the domesticated ruminants in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. However, dry matter (DM) digestibility (DMD) and intake levels of these C4 grasses are considerably low, partly because of high lignin contents. Ferulic acid also impedes fibre digestion in such forages due to formation of cross linkages with digestible xylans. Certain esterase enzymes have been shown to cleave ferulic acid cross linkages in wheat bran but no studies have examined whether such enzymes can be used to increase the digestion of tropical grasses. Therefore, the objective of …
Influence Of Internode Length On Degradability Of Lucerne Stems,
2023
University of Minnesota
Influence Of Internode Length On Degradability Of Lucerne Stems, H. G. Jung, F. M. Engles, J. F. S. Lamb
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Lignification of plant tissues restricts degradation of forages by ruminants. The undegradable lignified middle lamella/primary cell wall prevents rumen microbes from accessing undamaged adjacent plant cells. In contrast, walls of non-lignified tissues are completely degradable. Preliminary observations of how deeply rumen microbes could degrade different tissues within 20- to 30-mm long lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) stem pieces indicated a two-fold range in depth of degradation among stem samples. Studies were undertaken to determine if extent of cell wall degradation in lucerne was influenced by length of stem internodes.
Mating Ewes On Condensed Tannin-Containing Forages Increases Ewe Reproductive Rate And Reduces Lamb Mortality,
2023
Massey University, New Zealand
Mating Ewes On Condensed Tannin-Containing Forages Increases Ewe Reproductive Rate And Reduces Lamb Mortality, T. N. Barry, C. A. Ramirez-Restrepo, E. L. Mcwilliam, N. Lopez-Villalobos, P. D. Kemp
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Action of condensed tannin (CT) reduces forage protein degradation in the rumen and increases the absorption of amino acids from the small intestine (Barry & McNabb 1999). This paper reports the effects of grazing ewes on two CT-containing forages during mating upon ewe reproductive rate and lamb mortality.
Ruminal Proteolysis In Forages With Distinct Endopeptidases Activities,
2023
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
Ruminal Proteolysis In Forages With Distinct Endopeptidases Activities, G. Pichard, C. Tapia, R. Larraín
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Improving livestock efficiency in utilization of nitrogen resources continues to be a major environmental and economic objective. Zhu et al. (1999) have shown that plant endopeptidases are activated as a response to cutting stress. Previous work in our laboratory explored over 300 entries of forage genotypes and found a broad diversity in enzymatic activity by means of hydrolysis in gelatine and direct autolysis assays in forage tissues. The objective of this work was to assess if the species previously identified as having high or low endopeptidase activity, would behave consistently when exposed to ruminal microbial proteolysis.
Polyphenol Oxidase Activity And In Vitro Proteolytic Inhibition In Grasses,
2023
USDA-Agricultural Research Service
Polyphenol Oxidase Activity And In Vitro Proteolytic Inhibition In Grasses, J. M. Marita, R. D. Hatfield, G. E. Brink
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Harvesting and storing high quality forage in the cool humid regions remains a challenge due to the potential for protein degradation during ensiling. Red clover is an exception as high protein levels are maintained during ensiling. Decreased proteolytic activity in red clover is due to polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and appropriate o-diphenol substrates (Jones et al., 1995, Sullivan et al., 2004). This project was undertaken to determine if PPO activity is present in a range of grasses and the potential role in proteolytic inhibition in the presence of the o-diphenol caffeic acid.
