Agricultural Science Commons^™

Response Of Tribolium Castaneum And Tribolium Confusum Adults To Vertical Black Shapes And Its Potential To Improve Trap Capture, Altair A. Semeao, James F. Campbell, R. Jeff Whitworth, Phillip E. Sloderbeck

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Tribolium castaneum and Tribolium confusum can be monitored in food processing facilities using traps baited with pheromones and kairomones, but beetle response to traps might be enhanced by adding visual cues. Against a white background, T. castaneum adults were more likely to visit black pillars than white pillars when presented with a choice (e.g., 73% of beetles visited black and 17% visiting white pillar), and visits to black pillars increased with pillar height. When tested against a black background, beetles did not show a significant preference for either color pillar regardless of height. When comparing beetle’s captures in pheromone/kairomone baited …

Effect Of Maternal Restraint Stress During Gestation On Temporal Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroendocrine And Immune Responses Of Progeny, C.T. Collier, P.N. Williams, J.A. Carroll, T.H. Welsh Jr, J.C. Laurenz

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The impact of gestational dam restraint stress on progeny immune and neuroendocrine temporal hormone responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge was assessed. Maternal stress (5-min snout snare restraint stress during days 84 to 112 of gestation) increased (P < 0.05) the magnitude of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin-6, epinephrine (E), norepinephrine, and serum amyloid A (SAA) production following LPS infusion in the offspring. Moreover, these effects appear to be dependent on gender for TNF-α, E, and cortisol production. However, maternal stress did not affect (P < 0.05) the normalization of proinflammatory cytokines or neuroendocrine hormones produced following LPS. Collectively, these results indicate that maternal stress impacts aspects of the proinflammatory cytokine and stress hormone response in their progeny following LPS dosing of the offspring. This response is potentially responsible in part for the resultant changes to SAA production. Because several of the changes observed here are dependent on pig gender, these results are also the first evidence that inherent epigenetic factors coupled with maternal stress impact the cumulative response to stress and LPS in young pigs.

Influence Of Ensiling Time And Inoculation On Alteration Of The Starch-Protein Matrix In High-Moisture Corn, P. C. Hoffman, N. M. Esser, R. D. Shaver, W. K. Coblentz, M. P. Scott, A. L. Bodnar, R. J. Schmidt, R. C. Charley

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The fates of hydrophobic zein proteins, which encapsulate corn starch to create vitreous endosperm, have not been investigated in high-moisture corn (HMC). To assess influences of ensiling time and inoculation on zein proteins in HMC, quadruplicate samples of 2 random corn hybrids (A and B), containing 25.7 and 29.3% moisture, were ground, inoculated with (I) or without 600,000 cfu/g of Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 (Lallemand Animal Nutrition, Milwaukee, WI), and ensiled for 0, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 d. Nutrient composition [crude protein (CP), starch, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber], fermentation (pH, lactate, and acetate), and protein degradation …

Changes In Mineral Concentrations And Phosphorus Profile During Dry-Grind Processing Of Corn Into Ethanol, Keshun Liu, Jianchun Han

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

For determining variation in mineral composition and phosphorus (P) profile among streams of dry-grind ethanol production, samples of ground corn, intermediate streams, and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) were obtained from three commercial plants. Most attributes (dry matter concentrations) increased significantly from corn to cooked slurry but fermentation caused most significant increase in all attributes. During centrifugation, more minerals went into thin stillage than wet grains, making minerals most concentrated in the former. Mineral increase in DDGS over corn was about 3 fold, except for Na, S, Ca, and Fe. The first three had much higher fold of increase, …

Phenologymms: A Program To Simulate Crop Phenological Responses To Water Stress, Gregory S. Mcmaster, Da Edmunds, W.W. Wilhelm, D.C. Nielsen, P.V.V. Prasad, J.C. Ascough Ii

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Crop phenology is fundamental for understanding crop growth and development, and increasingly influences many agricultural management practices. Water deficits are one environmental factor that can influence crop phenology through shortening or lengthening the developmental phase, yet the phenological responses to water deficits have rarely been quantified. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of a decision support technology software tool, PhenologyMMS Vl.2, developed to simulate the phenology of various crops for varying levels of soil water. The program is intended to be simple to use, requires minimal information for calibration, and can be incorporated into other crop …

Determination Of Representative Elementary Areas For Soil Redoximorphic Features Identified By Digital Image Processing, T. Kevin O'Donnell, Keith W. Goyne, Randall J. Miles, Claire Baffaut, Stephen H. Anderson, Kenneth A. Sudduth

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Photography has been a welcome tool in documenting and conveying qualitative soil information. When coupled with image analysis software, the usefulness of digital cameras can be increased to advance the field of micropedology. The determination of a representative elementary area (REA) still remains a critical information need for soil scientists so that field measurements are independent of sample size and account for spatial heterogeneity. An objective of this study was to define and determine an REA for Low Chroma and High Chroma soil redoximorphic features (SRFs) present in claypan soils of northeastern Missouri, USA using a digital camera and image …

Evaluation Of Two Mutants Of Mycobacterium Avium Subsp. Paratuberculosis As Candidates For A Live Attenuated Vaccine For Johne’S Disease, Kun Taek Park, Andrew J. Allen, John P. Bannantine, Keun Seok Seo, Mary J. Hamilton, Gaber S. Abdellrazeq, Heba M. Rihan, Amanda Grimm, William C. Davis

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Control of Johne’s disease, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, has been difficult because of a lack of an effective vaccine. To address this problem we used targeted gene disruption to develop candidate mutants with impaired capacity to survive ex vivo and in vivo to test as a vaccine. We selected relA and pknG, genes known to be important virulence factors in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis, for initial studies. Deletion mutants were made in a wild type Map (K10) and its recombinant strain expressing the green fluorescent protein (K10-GFP). Comparison of survival in an ex vivo …

Improving In-Season Nitrogen Recommendations For Maize Using An Active Sensor, J. Schmidt, D. Beegle, Q. Q. Zhu, R. Sripada

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

An active crop canopy reflectance sensor could be used to increase N-use efficiency in maize (Zea mays L.), if temporal and spatial variability in soil N availability and plant demand are adequately accounted for with an in-season N application. Our objective was to evaluate the success of using an active canopy sensor for developing maize N recommendations. This study was conducted in 21 farmers’ fields from 2007 to 2009, representing the maize production regions of east central and southeastern Pennsylvania, USA. Four blocks at each site included seven sidedress N rates (0–280 kgNha⁻¹) and one at-planting N …

A Comparison Of Internal And External Lipids Of Nondiapausing And Diapause Initiation Phase Adult Colorado Potato Beetles, Leptinotarsa Decemlineata, George D. Yocum, James S. Buckner, Charlotte L. Fatland

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, reared under diapause-inducing conditions will emerge fromthe soil as an adult and enter the diapause initiation phase, a periodwheremetabolic reserves are stockpiled before the beetles enter the nonfeeding diapause maintenance phase. Internal and external lipids were characterized during the diapause initiation phase (IP) and compared to the lipid profiles of nondiapausing adults. The primary internal lipids of both diapause IP and nondiapausing adults are triacylglycerols. Only trace amounts of internal lipids were detected in day 1 diapause IP adults. A dramatic increase in internal lipids was observed between day 7 and day 15 …

Oil Productivity And Composition Of Sunflower As A Function Of Hybrid And Planting Date, Valtcho D. Zheljazkov, Brady A. Vick, Brian S. Baldwin, Normie Buehring, Christine Coker, Tess Astatkie, Billy Johnson

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is a potential cash crop for the southeastern United States for production of cooking oil or biodiesel. Two years (2006 and 2007) of experiments were conducted at each of five locations in Mississippi to evaluate the effect of planting date (April 20, May 20, and June 20), and hybrid (DKF3875, DKF2990, DKF3510, DKF3901, PR63M80, PR62A91, PR63A21, PR63M91, and PR64H41) on seed yield, oil content, and oil composition of sunflower. Seed oil concentration varied from 25 to 47%. The oleic acid concentration in the oil was greater than 85% for DKF3510 and PR64H41, above 65% for …

Quality And Agronomic Effects Of Three High-Molecular-Weight Glutenin Subunit Transgenic Events In Winter Wheat, Robert A. Graybosch, Bradford Seabourn, Yuanhong R. Chen, Ann E. Blechl

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Quality and agronomic effects of three transgenic high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) events were characterized in advanced generation breeding lines of hard winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in three Nebraska crop years. Two or the transgenic events studied, Dy10-E and B52a-6, ovenexpress HMW-GS IDY10, while the third event, Dx5 +Dy10-H, overexpresses HMW-GS IDx5 and to a much lesser extent. IDY10. In addition, novel proteins possessing solubility characteristics defined as HMW-GS were present in Dx5+Dy10-H and B52a-6. Average grain yield of lines derived from the three transgenic events was statistically lower than that of a group of control cultivars …

Evaluation Of Propane Combustion Traps For The Collection Of Phlebotomus Papatasi (Scopoli) In Southern Israel, Daniel Kline, Gunter Miller, Jerome Hogsette

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of eleven commercial models of propane combustion traps for catching male and female Phlebotomus papatasi. The traps differed in physical appearance, amount of carbon dioxide produced and released, type and location of capturing device, and the method by which the trap suction fans were powered. The traps tested were the Mosquito Magnet^™(MM)-Pro, MM-Liberty, MM-Liberty Plus, MM-Defender, SkeeterVac^®(SV)-35, SV-27, Mosquito Deleto™(MD)-2200, MD-2500, MT150-Power Trap, and two models of The Guardian Mosquito Traps (MK-01 and MK-12). All trap models except the SV-35, the SV-27, the MD-2500, and the MK-12 attracted …

Effect Of Coal Combustion By-Products On Phosphorus Runoff From A Coastal Plain Soil, Keisha N. Johnson, Arthur L. Allen, Peter J. A. Kleinman, Fawzy M. Hashem, Andrew N. Sharpley, William L. Stout

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Coal combustion by-products can lower soil phosphorus (P) solubility, but few studies have assessed their effect on runoff P. A soil with elevated P content was amended with fluidized bed combustion ash, flue gas desulfurization gypsum, and anthracite refuse ash at rates of 0–40 g kg⁻¹ soil, and runoff from small plots was monitored over 3 years. In the first year, by-products lowered dissolved P in runoff by up to 47% below the untreated control; however, effects did not persist into the remaining years of the study. Total P losses were not significantly affected by coal combustion by-products, likely …

Forage Nutritional Quality Evaluation Of Bahiagrass Selections During Autumn In Florida, Robert Myer, Ann Blount, Samuel Coleman, Jeffery Carter

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) is the major pasture forage in the southern Gulf Coast, USA. A bahiagrass selection breeding program has been ongoing since 1960 at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station at Tifton, Georgia, USA, to increase forage yield in Pensacola (P. notatum var. sanese) bahiagrass. However, the impact of selecting for forage yield on forage nutritional quality is unknown. Forage quality was evaluated on four Pensacola derived selection cycles (C) of bahiagrass [C0 (Pensacola), C4, C9 (Tifton 9), and C23]. A total of 175 plants per cycle were grown. Forage from individual 1-year-old plants was harvested by …

Dehydration Of Pollock Skin Prior To Gelatin Production, Cindy K. Bower, Roberto J. Avena-Bustillos, Katie A. Hietala, Cristina Bilbao-Sainz, Carl W. Olsen, Tara H. Mchugh

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Alaska pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) is the U.S.A.’s largest commercial fishery, with an annual catch of over 1 million tons. During pollock processing, the skins are discarded ormade into fish meal, despite their value for gelatin production. The absence of gelatin-processing facilities in Alaska necessitates drying of the skins before transport to decrease the moisture content, but conventional hot-air drying is expensive. This study evaluated a less energy-intensive technology, the use of desiccants for reducing water weight in pollock skins prior to shipment. To ensure that the functional properties of gelatin obtained from dried pollock skins were not affected …

Isolation And Characterisation Of The First Microsatellite Markers For Cyperus Rotundus, R. S. Arias, W. T. Molin, J. D. Ray, M. D. Peel, B. E. Scheffler

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

This is the first report of microsatellite markers for Cyperus rotundus. A total of 191 sequence-specific microsatellite markers were isolated and used to screen
12 accessions of C. rotundus and one accession of Cyperus esculentus collected from 10 different countries. Polymorphisms were observed in 49% of the markers tested, 22% of the markers were monomorphic and 29% had weak or no amplification. The best 57 markers are reported, and cluster analysis was used to analyse their resolving power. BLASTx screening of the contig sequences was also performed. Multiallelic loci over all samples ranged from 24% to 60%. The maximum …

Genetic Variability Among Isolates Of Fusarium Oxysporum From Sugar Beet, A. L. Hill, P. A. Reeves, R. L. Larson, A. L. Fenwick, L. E. Hanson, L. Panella

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Fusarium yellows, caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. betae (Fob), can lead to significant yield losses in sugar beet. This fungus is variable in pathogenicity, morphology, host range and symptom production, and is not a well characterized pathogen on sugar beet. From 1998 to 2003, 86 isolates of F. oxysporum and 20 other Fusarium species from sugar beet, along with four F. oxysporum isolates from dry bean and five from spinach, were obtained from diseased plants and characterized for pathogenicity to sugar beet. A group of sugar beet Fusarium isolates from different geographic areas (including nonpathogenic and …

Pathogenicity And Molecular Characterization Of Emerging Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus In Vietnam In 2007, S. Metwally, F. Mohamed, K. Faaberg, T. Burrage, M. Prarat, K. Moran, A. Bracht, G. Mayr, M. Berninger, L. Koster, T. L. To, V. L. Nguyen, M. Reising, J. Landgraf, L. Cox, J. Lubroth, C. Carrillo

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

In 2007, Vietnam experienced swine disease outbreaks causing clinical signs similar to the ‘porcine high fever disease’ that occurred in China during 2006. Analysis of diagnostic samples from the disease outbreaks in Vietnam identified porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2). Additionally, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus were cultured from lung and spleen, and Streptococcus suis from one spleen sample. Genetic characterization of the Vietnamese PRRSV isolates revealed that this virus belongs to the North American genotype (type 2) with a high nucleotide identity to the recently reported Chinese strains. Amino acid …

Performance Of Larval Florida Pompano Fed Nauplii Of The Calanoid Copepod Pseudodiaptomus Pelagicus, Eric J. Cassiano, Cortney L. Ohs, Charles R. Weirich, Nancy E. Breen, Andrew L. Rhyne

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus is a highly prized marine fish species, the larviculture of which currently includes the feeding of live rotifers and nauplii of brine shrimp Artemia spp. However, no previous studies have evaluated the feeding of copepod nauplii. In this study, the growth and survival of Florida pompano larvae fed nauplii of the calanoid copepod Pseudodiaptomus pelagicus were compared with those of larvae fed the standard reference diet of enriched rotifers Brachionus plicatilis. Experiments were conducted during the first 7–9 d posthatch (DPH), a period preceding the provision of Artemia nauplii. Treatments included feeding only copepod …

Whole-Body And Muscle Protein Metabolism Are Not Affected By Acute Deviations From Habitual Protein Intake In Older Men: The Hormonal Regulators Of Muscle And Metabolism In Aging (Horma) Study, Kevin E. Yarasheski, Carmen Castaneda-Sceppa, Jiaxiu He, Miwa Kawakubo, Shalender Bhasin, Ellen F. Binder, E. Todd Schroeder, Ronenn Roubenoff, Stan P. Azen, Fred R. Sattler

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Background:

Acute deviations in protein intake before the quantification of protein kinetics in older humans may explain the controversy over the effects of older age on muscle protein synthesis and proteolysis rates.

Objective:

We hypothesized that an acute decrease in protein intake from the habitual intake is associated with lower muscle protein synthesis and higher proteolysis rates, whereas an acute increase in protein intake from the habitual intake is associated with higher muscle protein synthesis and lower proteolysis rates.

Design:

In 112 community-dwelling healthy men aged 65–90 y, we quantified resting whole-body [1,2-¹³C₂]leucine kinetics, muscle mixed …