Agricultural Science Commons^™

Isoschaftoside, A C-Glycosylflavonoid From Desmodium Uncinatum Root Exudate, Is An Allelochemical Against The Development Of Striga, Antony M. Hooper, Muniru K. Tsanuo, Keith Chamberlain, Kay Tittcomb, Julie Scholes, Ahmed Hassanali, Zeyaur R. Khan, John A. Pickett

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

In East African small-holder farming of maize, the cattle forage legume, Desmodium uncinatum is used as an intercrop due to its allelopathic inhibition of parasitism by Striga hermonthica, an obligate parasitic weed that can devastate the maize crop. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the root extract of D. uncinatum revealed isoschaftoside to be the main compound in the most potent fraction inhibiting growth of germinated S. hermonthica radicles. Bioassays repeated with isoschaftoside isolated from a different plant source, Passiflora incarnata, proved it to be a biologically active component. Analysis of the root exudates produced by hydroponically grown D. uncinatum showed isoschaftoside to …

Poisonous Rangeland Plants In San Luis Obispo County, Sara Litten, Amanda Ou

Animal Science

Poisonous Rangeland Plants in San Luis Obispo County is a comprehensive educational guide to rangeland plants that are toxic to domestic livestock. This guide begins with an exploration of how the biological systems are affected by the poisonous plant toxins. The biochemistry behind these toxins is included in the discussion. Next, reference material for fourteen plants that inhabit San Luis Obispo County is provided. This information includes specific toxins found in poisonous plants, affected animals, symptoms of poisoning, stages of growth, lethal dose, and distribution of the plant in California. This section of the guide is filled with helpful photos …

Good Agricultural Practices For Food Safety Of Fresh Produce, Laurie Hodges

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

What are the guiding principles of food safety for fresh produce?

• Once contaminated, removing or killing pathogens on produce is very difficult.

• Preventing microbial contamination at all steps, from production to distribution, is strongly favored over treatments to eliminate contamination that may have occurred.

• Document the implementation of prevention programs, and educate workers at all levels of the agricultural and packing environments on food safety.

Key Signatures of a Credible Food Safety Program

The following is a condensed checklist of practices and conditions that reduce the potential for fresh produce to be exposed to pathogenic microbes. Review …

Participatory Evaluation Of Integrated Pest And Soil Fertility Management Options Using Ordered Categorical Data Analysis, Hugo De Groote, Esther Rutto, George Odhiambo, Fred Kanampiu, Zeyaur Khan, Richard Coe, Bernard Vanlauwe

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Maize is becoming the major food crop around Lake Victoria. Major constraints to its production are Striga, stem borer, and declining soil fertility. Innovative integrated technologies have been developed: the 'push-pull' system (intercropping with Desmodium and surrounded by Napier grass), soybean and Crotalaria rotations, and imidazolinone-resistant (IR) maize seed. In 12 demonstration trials in four villages in Siaya and Vihiga districts (Kenya) and two villages in Busia (Uganda) in 2003 and 2004, 504 farmers evaluated all cropping systems and a mono-cropped continuous maize, each cropped with IR or local maize, and supplemented or not with fertilizer, totaling 16 treatments. Farmers …

Urban Farm: Naturally Grown Local Food, Stephanie Shepard

Interior Design Program: Terminal Projects

There are many things to be said for the benefits of urban farming. From feeding the hungry, to providing an educational experience for a community that otherwise has no agricultural knowledge, to reducing heat island effect, the gain is almost immeasurable.

According to the United States Census Bureau, 35.9 million people live below the poverty line in America. Requests for emergency food assistance has increased by an average of 14% a year since 2004 and about 20% of those requests generally go unmet. In addition, national food banks report that 23.3 million people turned to their services in 2009, an …

Arkansas Turfgrass Report 2009, Douglas Karcher, Aaron Patton, Michael Richardson

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

No abstract provided.

Departments Of Defense And Agriculture Team Up To Develop New Insecticides For Mosquito Control, David Hoel, Julia Pridgeon, Ulrich R. Bernier, Kamal Chauhan, Kumudini Meepagala, Charles Cantrell

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Mosquito-borne pathogens are among the most important sources of human disease that cause morbidity and mortality worldwide. They include the viruses responsible for deadly outbreaks of yellow fever, Rift Valley fever, eastern equine encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis and dengue, and an assortment of other serious illnesses caused by the etiological agents of West Nile fever, St Louis encephalitis, Murray Valley encephalitis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis and chikungunya disease. Dengue viruses, of which there are 4 serotypes, cause an estimated 50-100 million new illnesses each year (and 25,000 deaths) while the latest chikungunya epidemic has lasted longer, affected more people, and occurred over …

Effect Of African Nightshade Species (Solanaceae) On Developmental Time And Life Table Parameters Of Tetranychus Evansi (Acari: Tetranychidae), Lucy Kananu Murungi, Aggrey Nyende, John Wesonga, Peter Masinde, Markus Knapp

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The effect of five African nightshade (Solanum sp.) species on the biological and demographic parameters of the tomato spider mite, Tetranychus evansi Baker and Pritchard, was examined in the laboratory at 25 ± 1°C, 70-80% RH and 12L:12D photoperiod. Duration of each development stage, reproduction rate, longevity, intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm), and doubling time (DT) of the tomato spider mite on the five nightshade species were calculated. The results indicated that S. villosum, S. scabrum, S. tarderemotum and S. americanum are more suitable for T. evansi due to a shorter developmental period, longer adult longevity, higher reproduction and …

Intsormil Helps Improve Varieties Of Grains In Developing Countries, Lori Mcginnis

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

International efforts to aid food production in developing countries are based within the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln.

The International Sorghum and Millet Collaborative Research Support Program (INTSORMIL CRSP) was established at UNL’s East Campus in 1979. Its goal is to improve the devel- opment of sorghum, millet, and other grains in Central America and Africa, said John Yohe, director since 1988.

Proceedings Of The 37th Annual Meeting, Southern Soybean Disease Workers (March 10-11, 2010, Pensacola Beach, Florida), Jason Bond, Boyd Padgett, Clayton A. Hollier, Alemu Mengistu, Cliff Coker, Stephen R. Koenning

Southern Soybean Disease Workers: Conference Proceedings

Contents

SSDW treasury report

Southern United States Soybean Disease Loss Estimates for 2009. Compiled by SR Koenning

Green Bean symposium (Jason Bond, moderator)

Factors Contributing to Green Plants at Maturity. DJ Boquet, RL Leonard, GB Padgett, RW Schneider, J Griffin, J Davis, and R Vaverde

The Green Stem Disorder Enigma in Illinois. C Hill and G. Hartman

The Influence of Fungicides, Herbicides, and Their Interactions on Green Bean Syndrome. GB Padgett, DJ Boquet, RW Schneider, and MA Purvis

Association of Stink Bug Injury with A "Green Plant" Malady in Soybean. JH Temple, BR Leonard, J Davis, P Price, and J …

Lincoln South Rotary Program, February 2010 [Lincoln, Nebraska, Usa]: Global Food Security--Intsormil, Elvis A. Heinrichs

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

Short Heinrichs spoke to the Lincoln South Rotary Club in February 2010 about global food security. What is food security? The availability of food and access to it. Many countries have food available but the population has no access to it. Heinrichs gave the group some sobering statistics regarding hunger in the world. Nine hundred forty-seven million people in the world are undernourished. One hundred forty-six billion kids under age 5 are underweight. One in seven people are hungry, and one in six people do not have safe drinking water. Ten million kids die each year from hunger related causes. …

First Report Of Two Curtoviruses In Spinach And Common Beet In Arizona, Claudia Nischwitz

All Current Publications

No abstract provided.

Arkansas Cotton Variety Test 2009, Fred M. Bourland, A. B. Beach, D. P. Roberts Jr.

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The primary goal of the Arkansas Cotton Variety Test is to provide unbiased data regarding the agronomic performance of cotton varieties and advanced breeding lines in the major cotton-growing areas of Arkansas. This information helps seed companies establish marketing strategies and assists producers in choosing varieties to plant.

Genome Sequencing And Analysis Of The Model Grass Brachypodium Distachyon, John Vogel, David Garvin, Todd C. Mockler, Jeremy Schmutz, Dan Rokhsar, Michael Bevan

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Three subfamilies of grasses, the Ehrhartoideae, Panicoideae and Pooideae, provide the bulk of human nutrition and are poised to become major sources of renewable energy. Here we describe the genome sequence of the wild grass Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium), which is, to our knowledge, the first member of the Pooideae subfamily to be sequenced. Comparison of the Brachypodium, rice and sorghum genomes shows a precise history of genome evolution across a broad diversity of the grasses, and establishes a template for analysis of the large genomes of economically important pooid grasses such as wheat. The high-quality genome sequence, coupled …

An Inventory And Condition Survey Of The Western Australian Part Of The Nullarbor Region, Peter-Jon A. Waddell, A K. Gardner, P Hennig

Technical Bulletins

The inventory and condition survey of the Western Australian part of the Nullarbor region, undertaken by the Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia (DAFWA) between 2005 and 2007, describes and maps the natural resources of the region. This survey report provides a baseline record of the existence and condition of the area's natural resources, to assist with the planning and implementation of land management practices. The report identified and described the condition of soils, landforms, vegetation, habitat, ecosystems, and declared plants and animals. It also assessed the impact of pastoralism and made land management recommendations. The Nullarbor region has …

The Influence Of Nutrients And Physical Habitat In Regulating Algal Biomass In Agricultural Streams, Mark D. Munn, Jeffrey Frey, Anthony Tesoriero

United States Geological Survey: Water Reports and Publications

This study examined the relative influence of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and habitat on algal biomass in five agricultural regions of the United States. Sites were selected to capture a range of nutrient conditions, with 136 sites distributed over five study areas. Samples were collected in either 2003 or 2004, and analyzed for nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous) and algal biomass (chlorophyll a). Chlorophyll a was measured in three types of samples, fine-grained benthic material (CHLFG), coarse-grained stable substrate as in rock or wood (CHLCG), and water column (CHLS). Stream and riparian habitat were characterized at each site. TP ranged from …

Tillage Depth Effects On Soil Physical Properties, Sugarbeet Yield, And Sugarbeet Quality, J. D. Jabro, W. B. Stevens, W. M. Iversen, R. G. Evans

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Tillage depth influences the soil–water–plant ecosystem, thereby affecting crop yield and quality. The effects of tillage depth on soil physical properties and sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) yield and quality were evaluated. A field study composed of two tillage depths [10 cm, referred to as shallow (ST), and 20 cm, referred to as deep (DT)] was conducted on a Lihen sandy loam soil in spring 2007 at the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) irrigated research farm near Williston, North Dakota. Soil bulk density (ρb), gravimetric water content (θw), and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) were measured three times during the growing season …

Permanent Genetic Resources Added To The Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 February 2010–31 March 2010, D. Aurelle, M. R. Pooler, T. A. Rinehart, B. E. Scheffler, Molecular Ecology Resources Primer Development Consortium

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

This article documents the addition of 228 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Anser cygnoides, Apodemus flavicollis, Athene noctua, Cercis canadensis, Glis glis, Gubernatrix cristata, Haliotis tuberculata, Helianthus maximiliani, Laricobius nigrinus, Laricobius rubidus, Neoheligmonella granjoni, Nephrops norvegicus, Oenanthe javanica, Paramuricea clavata, Pyrrhura orcesi and Samanea saman. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Apodemus sylvaticus, Laricobius laticollis and Laricobius osakensis (a proposed new species currently being described).

Soybase, The Usda-Ars Soybean Genetics And Genomics Database, David Grant, Rex T. Nelson, Steven B. Connon, Randy C. Shoemaker

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

SoyBase, the USDA-ARS soybean genetic database, is a comprehensive repository for professionally curated genetics, genomics and related data resources for soybean. SoyBase contains the most current genetic, physical and genomic sequence maps integrated with qualitative and quantitative traits. The quantitative trait loci (QTL) represent more than 18 years of QTL mapping of more than 90 unique traits. SoyBase also contains the wellannotated ‘Williams 82’ genomic sequence and associated data mining tools. The genetic and sequence views of the soybean chromosomes and the extensive data on traits and phenotypes are extensively interlinked. This allows entry to the database using almost any …

Eupatorium Capillifolium Essential Oil: Chemical Composition, Antifungal Activity, And Insecticidal Activity, Nurhayat Tabanca, Ulrich R. Bernier, Maia Tsikolia, James Becnel, Blair Sampson, Chris Werle, Betül Demirci, Kemal Hüsnü Can Başer, Eugene K. Blythe, Cecil Pounders, David E. Wedge

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Natural plant extracts often contain compounds that are useful in pest management applications. The essential oil of Eupatorium capillifolium (dog-fennel) was investigated for antifungal and insecticidal activities. Essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of aerial parts was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The major components were determined to be thymol methyl ether (=methyl thymol) (36.3%), 2,5-dimethoxy-p-cymene (20.8%) and myrcene (15.7%). Antifungal activity of the essential oil was weak against the plant pathogens Colletotrichum acutatum, C. fragariae, and C. gloeosporioides in direct bioautography assay. The E. capillifolium oil showed promising repellent activity against …