Physiology Commons^™

Independent Multiple Correlates Of Post-Exercise Systolic Blood Pressure Recovery In Healthy Adults, Uchechukwu Dimkpa†, Andrew Ugwu‡

International Journal of Exercise Science

Int J Exerc Sci 3(1): 25-35, 2010. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the independent relationships of systolic blood pressure recovery (SBPR) with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), resting heart rate (HR), physical activity, and cigarette smoking in healthy adults. Subjects performed cycle ergometer exercise at progressive incremental workloads until subjects reached 80% of their age-predicted maximum HR. Blood pressure (BP) was measured before exercise (after 10 and 15 minutes of rest), during exercise (at 2-minute intervals), immediately after exercise (within the first minute) and subsequently at 2-minute intervals until recovery to baseline. …

Body Image As A Motivator And Barrier To Exercise Participation, Laura R. Brudzynski*, William Ebben‡

International Journal of Exercise Science

Int J Exerc Sci 3(1): 14-24, 2010. This study examined self-reported relationships between motivations and barriers to exercise, frequency of exercise, and location of exercise to body image. The study surveyed 1044 students from a large Midwestern university. Respondents comprised of 689 (66.0%) females and 355 (34.0%) males with an age range of 17-55 years. Raw survey data were analyzed using independent content analysis. Most participants (76.8%) reported exercising while the remainder did not. Body image was a significant factor in determining the amount exercised for a majority of participants (58.3%), as well as the location of exercise for some …

Parameters Of Walking And Jogging In Healthy Young Adults, Tiago V. Barreira†, David A. Rowe‡, Minsoo Kang‡

International Journal of Exercise Science

Int J Exerc Sci 3(1): 4-13, 2010. The purposes of this study were to a) investigate the average heart rate (HR), speed, stride length, and stride rate during moderate intensity walking and jogging in healthy young adults, b) cross validate the walking stride length calculation based on 42% of height and c) provide reliability information for measurement of walking and jogging steps, speed, stride length, and stride rate. Participants (N=130) wore two Yamax SW-200 pedometers and a Polar A-1 HR monitor while performing walking and jogging trials. The correlation between estimated (0.71 ± 0.04 m·stride-1) and actual stride length (0.78 …

From The Editors: Assessing The International Journal Of Exercise Science After Two Years, Scott Lyons, James W. Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science

Int J Exerc Sci 3(1): 1-3, 2010. The popularity of the International Journal of Exercise Science continues to rise. As a student-focused journal, we are pleased to provide these future professionals with opportunities to gain experience with the peer review process, both through submitting their original work and as manuscript reviewers. Our editorial process is changing as section editors with specialties within the field of exercise science have agreed to take on these responsibilities. In addition, we are proud to also publish conference proceedings from various meetings held around the world. A list of individuals who have reviewed manuscripts throughout …

Evidence For A "Founder Effect" Among Hiv-Infected Injection Drug Users (Idus) In Pakistan., Mohammad A. Rai, Vivek R Nerurkar, Suhail Khoja, Saeed Khan, Richard Yanagihara, Arish Rehman, Shahana U Kazmi, Syed H Ali

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Background: We have previously reported a HIV-1 subtype A infection in a community of injection drug users (IDUs) in Karachi, Pakistan. We now show that this infection among the IDUs may have originated from a single source. Methods: Phylogenetic analysis was performed of partial gag sequences, generated using PCR, from 26 HIV-positive IDU samples. Results: Our results showed formation of a tight monophyletic group with an intra-sequence identity of < 98% indicating a "founder effect". Our data indicate that the HIV-1 epidemic in this community of IDUs may have been transmitted by an HIV positive overseas contract worker who admitted to having contact with commercial sex workers during stay abroad. Conclusion: Specific measures need to implemented to control transmission of HIV infection in Pakistan through infected migrant workers.

Interspecific Variation In Palatability Suggests Cospecialization Of Antipredator Defenses In Sea Hares, Kimberly K. Takagi, Nadia N. Ono, William G. Wright

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Prey species often deploy different kinds of antipredator defenses, which can interact with each other in ways that are not yet completely understood. Much research into these interactions has utilized gastropod mollusks, usually focusing (in part) on the protective utility of the gastropod shell. This makes the evolutionary reduction of the shell in the opisthobranch gastropods (marine slugs) particularly interesting. This loss of protective function of the shell is associated with the evolution of alternative defenses. Particularly well studied are chemical defenses, especially those using secondary metabolites derived from food resources. As a first step toward understanding interspecific variation in …

Physiological Status Of Male And Female Popillia Japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Affects Mating And Grouping Behavior, Natasha Tigreros, Rashmi Jadhav, Katelyn A. Kowles, Britto P. Nathan, Paul Switzer

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

Because mating may be costly, sexually active males or females are predicted to be in relatively good physiological condition and may preferentially direct their mating behavior toward relatively high-quality mates. We tested this hypothesis in Japanese beetles (Popillia japonica Newman), a pest species in which males and females may be either isolated or in aggregations while feeding on host plants. We examined male size and lipid content and female size and egg load with respect to both their pairing status and whether they were isolated or in aggregations. Males that were paired had the highest lipid levels, and single, isolated …

Physiological Status Of Male And Female Popillia Japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Affects Mating And Grouping Behavior, Natasha Tigreros, Rashmi Jadhav, Katelyn Kowles, Britto Nathan, Paul Switzer

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

Because mating may be costly, sexually active males or females are predicted to be in relatively good physiological condition and may preferentially direct their mating behavior toward relatively high-quality mates. We tested this hypothesis in Japanese beetles (Popillia japonica Newman), a pest species in which males and females may be either isolated or in aggregations while feeding on host plants. We examined male size and lipid content and female size and egg load with respect to both their pairing status and whether they were isolated or in aggregations. Males that were paired had the highest lipid levels, and single, isolated …

Mitochondrial Physiology Of Diapausing And Developing Embryos Of The Annual Killifsh Austrofundulus Limnaeus: Implications For Extreme Anoxia Tolerance, Jeff Duerr, Jason E. Podrabsky

Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science

Diapausing embryos of the annual killiWsh Austrofundulus limnaeus have the highest reported anoxia tolerance of any vertebrate and previous studies indicate modified mitochondrial physiology likely supports anoxic metabolism. Functional mitochondria isolated from diapausing and developing embryos of the annual killifish exhibited VO2, respiratory control ratios (RCR), and P:O ratios consistent with those obtained from other ectothermic vertebrate species. Reduced oxygen consumption associated with dormancy in whole animal respiration rates are correlated with maximal respiration rates of mitochondria isolated from diapausing versus developing embryos. P:O ratios for developing embryos were similar to those obtained from adult liver, but were diminished in …

Mechanism Of Catch Force: Tethering Of Thick And Thin Filaments By Twitchin., Thomas M Butler, Marion J Siegman

Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Faculty Papers

Catch is a mechanical state occurring in some invertebrate smooth muscles characterized by high force maintenance and resistance to stretch during extremely slow relaxation. During catch, intracellular calcium is near basal concentration and myosin crossbridge cyctng rate is extremely slow. Catch force is relaxed by a protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of sites near the N- and C- temini of the minititin twitchin (approximately 526 kDa). Some catch force maintenance car also occur together with cycling myosin crossbridges at submaximal calcium concentrations, but not when the muscle is maximally activated. Additionally, the link responsible for catch can adjust during shortening of …

The Differential Roles Of D-Pax2 Variants In Regulating Drosophila Eye And Bristle Development, Colin J. O’Shea

Honors Theses

The ability to appropriately interact with the environment is crucial to an organism’s survival. The establishment of functional sensory systems, such as the bristles and eyes in Drosophila, is a critical event during the development of the organism. The transcription factor D Pax2 is involved in the differentiation of the shaft and glial cells in the developing bristle (Kavaler et al., Dev, 126:2261-2272, 1999) and of the cone and primary pigment cells in the developing eye (Fu and Noll, Genes Dev, 11:389-405, 1997). How D-Pax2 contributes to distinct differentiative pathways in different cell types is not known. Recent work by …

The Female Athlete, Dilip R. Patel, Donald E. Greydanus, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The female athlete has today became an accepted part of sports in elementary school, junior high, senior high, and college. This chapter covers various aspects of the prepubertal and pubertal female athlete. An historical perspective will be presented and selected comments provided on psychological and physiologic aspects of the female athlete. Concepts of adolescent gynecology are reviewed, including breast concerns and menstrual dilemmas in relation to sports activity. Exercise during pregnancy is also considered. Iron deficiency anemia and stress urinary incontinence

Effect Of Exogenous Leptin On Thrombotic And Metabolic Profiles Of Fvb/B6 Lipodystrophic Mice, Hoda Chaouki Kadouh

Wayne State University Theses

Lipodystrophy caused by fat deficiency contributes to metabolic disease for which several treatment modalities have been implemented, with leptin therapy being the most effective to date. In addition to playing a role in energy homeostasis and metabolism, leptin was also shown to play a pro-thrombotic role in mice. This role was not examined in fatless mice, neither was thrombosis measured. The AZIP/F-1 (FVB) lipodystrophic mouse appeared to have a prolonged arterial occlusion time (p〈0.05) in a trial done in our lab, with clotting factors being normal. The present study was designed to observe the thrombotic and metabolic characteristics of fatless …

Neural And Humoral Control Of Regional Vascular Beds Via A1 Adenosine Receptors Located In The Nucleus Of The Solitary Tract, Joseph Martin Mcclure

Wayne State University Dissertations

Previous studies from our laboratory showed that activation of NTS A₁ adenosine

receptors yields variable hemodynamic responses with prevailing pressor and iliac

vasoconstrictor responses. These responses are accompanied with differential

activation of regional sympathetic activity (adrenal>>renal≥lumbar) and inhibition of

baroreflex mechanisms at the level of the NTS. The variability of the hemodynamic

responses was a result of simultaneous Β-adrenergic vasodilation counteracted with

sympathetic and unknown humoral vasoconstriction. Among many potential

vasoconstrictors vasopressin, angiotensin II and circulating norepinephrine were

considered. Therefore, blood pressure and iliac vascular responses evoked by

selective stimulation of NTS A₁ adenosine receptors (CPA 330 …

A Specific Regulatory Role For Sgtα On The Maturation And Activation Of Steroid Hormone Receptors, Atanu Paul

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Steroid hormone receptors (SHRs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. These receptors regulate various physiological functions in higher ordered eukaryotes. In the absence of hormone these receptors form a complex with molecular chaperones such as Hsp90 and Hsp70 and other cochaperones in the cytoplasm. Association with the Hsp90-Hsp70 chaperone machinery leads to the maturation of the Ligand Binding Domain (LBD) of the receptors and enables the receptors to bind hormone with high affinity. Upon binding with a specific hormone the receptors are translocated into the nucleus where they initiate transcription of specific genes. Although the involvement …

P53 Mediated Cell Motility In H1299 Lung Cancer Cells, Mi-Yon Choi

Theses and Dissertations

Studies have shown that gain-of- function mutant p53, AKT, and NFκB promote invasion and metastasis in tumor cells. Signals transduced by AKT and p53 are integrated via negative feedback between the two pathways. Tumor derived p53 was also indicated to induce NFκB gene expression. Due to the close relationship between p53/AKT and p53/NFκB, we hypothesized that AKT and NFκB can enhance motility in cells expressing mutant p53. Effects on cell motility were determined by scratch assays. CXCL5- chemokine is also known to induce cell motility. We hypothesized that enhanced cell motility by AKT and NFκB is mediated, in part, by …

Detection Of Inositol Polyphosphates By Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (Page) Under Apoptotic Conditions In Cultured Sw480 Cells, M. K. Zafar, R. Mohsin, S. Hassen, R. Agarwal, H. Mumtaz, N. Ali

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Inositol phosphates are naturally occurring compounds that regulate diverse cellular processes including apoptosis. Apoptosis is a mechanism by which cells undergo natural death to maintain cellular homeostasis. It causes cell death in areas during a state that is harmful to the body. It also regulates cellular development. Previous work has shown that exogenously administered, as well as endogenously manipulated inositol phosphates bring about apoptotic changes. It has been demonstrated that cellular levels of inositol phosphates, particularly higher inositol phosphates such as inositol hexakis-phosphate (IP6) and diphosphoinositol pentakis-phosphate (IP7) levels increase during apoptotic conditions. In this study, we have attempted to …

Relationships Between Jump Characteristics Of Collegiate Female Athletes Competing In Different Disciplines, Christopher J. Macdonalds, Hugh S. Lamont, John C. Garner, Jeremy A. Gentles, Ashley A. Kavanaugh, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Balance Training Reduces Falls Risk In Older Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes, Steven Morrison, Sheri R. Colberg, Mita Mariano, Henri K. Parson, Arthur I. Vinik

Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE - This study assessed the effects of balance/strength training on falls risk and posture in older individuals with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Sixteen individuals with type 2 diabetes and 21 age-matched control subjects (aged 50-75 years) participated. Postural stability and falls risk was assessed before and after a 6-week exercise program.

RESULTS - Diabetic individuals had significantly higher falls risk score compared with control subjects. The diabetic group also exhibited evidence of mild-to-moderate neuropathy, slower reaction times, and increased postural sway. Following exercise, the diabetic group showed significant improvements in leg strength, faster reaction times, …

Mitochondrial Physiology Of Diapausing And Developing Embryos Of The Annual Killifish Austrofundulus Limnaeus: Implications For Extreme Anoxia Tolerance, Jeffrey M. Duerr, Jason E. Podrabsky

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Diapausing embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus have the highest reported anoxia tolerance of any vertebrate and previous studies indicate modified mitochondrial physiology likely supports anoxic metabolism. Functional mitochondria isolated from diapausing and developing embryos of the annual killifish exhibited VO2, respiratory control ratios (RCR), and P:O ratios consistent with those obtained from other ectothermic vertebrate species. Reduced oxygen consumption associated with dormancy in whole animal respiration rates are correlated with maximal respiration rates of mitochondria isolated from diapausing versus developing embryos. P:O ratios for developing embryos were similar to those obtained from adult liver, but were diminished in …