Physiology Commons^™

Glucocorticoid Receptor (Nr3c1) Variants Associate With The Muscle Strength And Size Response To Resistance Training., Garrett I Ash, Matthew A Kostek, Harold Lee, Theodore J Angelopoulos, Priscilla M Clarkson, Paul M Gordon, Niall M Moyna, Paul S Visich, Robert F Zoeller, Thomas B Price, Joseph M. Devaney, Heather Gordish-Dressman, Paul D Thompson, Eric P. Hoffman, Linda S Pescatello

Genomics and Precision Medicine Faculty Publications

Glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) polymorphisms associate with obesity, muscle strength, and cortisol sensitivity. We examined associations among four NR3C1 polymorphisms and the muscle response to resistance training (RT). European-American adults (n = 602, 23.8±0.4yr) completed a 12 week unilateral arm RT program. Maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) assessed isometric strength (kg) and MRI assessed biceps size (cm2) pre- and post-resistance training. Subjects were genotyped for NR3C1 -2722G>A, -1887G>A, -1017T>C, and +363A>G. Men carrying the -2722G allele gained less relative MVC (17.3±1.2vs33.5±6.1%) (p = 0.010) than AA homozygotes; men with -1887GG gained greater relative MVC than A allele carriers …

Effects Of A 10-Week Introductory Judo Course On Postural Control During Reactionary Bilateral Gripping Task With Varied Stances And Lower Body Power Performance, Tyler Muddle

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study is twofold: 1.) Examine the effects of 10-weeks of an introductory judo course on postural control during maximal bilateral isometric handgrip testing using different stance conditions and lower body power performance, and 2.) To analyze the relationship between maximal bilateral handgrip exertions on postural control during varied stance conditions. METHODS: Twenty recreationally active men and women divided into two an experimental group, (JDO) (n = 10; 21.70 ± 3.83 y; 169.91 ± 6.01 cm; 73.89 ± 12.10 kg; 19.01 ± 8.06% BF), and a control group, (CON) (n = 10; 21.50 ± 2.84 …

Intramuscular Tnf-Alpha Signaling In Response To Resistance Exercise And Recovery In Untrained Males., Jeremy Townsend

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

INTRODUCTION: The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κβ) signaling cascade is responsible for mediating stress-activated catabolic effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) downstream of the TNF receptor (TNFR1). NF-κβ transcription factor remains inhibited in the cytosol of the muscle and can be stimulated for translocation and transcription by a variety of external stimuli, most notably by pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. Nevertheless, currently there is a gap in the literature with regard to the time course effect of NF-κβ signaling following acute resistance exercise in humans. PURPOSE: To observe the effects of an acute lower-body resistance exercise protocol and subsequent …

Chronic Pancreatitis, Pain, And Anxiety In An Alcohol And High Fat Mouse Model, Tiffanie Clinkinbeard

Theses and Dissertations--Gerontology

Homeodynamic space (HDS) shrinks as vulnerability increases with aging and repeated damage to the cells. HDS is lost in alcoholic pancreatitis patients due to overconsumption of alcohol, smoking, and high fat diets. Etiologically relevant animal models for study of chronic pancreatitis (CP) are needed. In order to begin filling this gap a central purpose of this dissertation research was to examine relationships between the alcohol and high fat diet (AHF) and pancreatitis with attention to hypersensitivity and anxiety-like behaviors. The AHF diet induced pancreatitis described here etiologically mimics human risk factors of AHF consumption for advancement to alcoholic CP.

In …

Kcnq1 Rs2237895 Polymorphism Is Associated With Gestational Diabetes In Pakistani Women, Syeda Sadia Fatima, Bushra Chaudhry, Taseer Ahmed Khan, Saad Farooq

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Background and Objective: Genetic studies on gestational diabetes (GDM) are relatively scarce; moreover, limited data is available for KCNQ1 polymorphism in Pakistani pregnant women. We aimed to determine the frequency of KCNQ1 rs2237895 in GDM and normal pregnant controls and its association with GDM-related phenotypes.
Methods: A total of 637 pregnant females (429 controls and 208 cases) in their second trimester were classified according to the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study criteria in this study. Their blood samples were genotyped for KCNQ1 SNP rs2237895 using PCR-RFLP method and sequencing. Fasting and two hour-post glucose load blood levels, …

Evaluation Of The Hypothalamic Kisspeptin System Throughout The Estrous Cycle And During The Attainment Of Puberty In Gilts, Eric Steven Jolitz

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Kisspeptin has been demonstrated to affect reproductive cyclicity and the attainment of puberty in multiple species, presumably through its actions on GnRH and LH, as demonstrated in other species. Kisspeptin administration causes increased plasma concentrations of LH in pigs, sheep, and rats. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate 1) the hypothalamic kisspeptin system throughout various days of the estrous cycle and 2) the hypothalamic kisspeptin system during the peripubertal period in gilts. In experiment 1, 40 crossbred gilts (191 d, 121 kg) were administered an intramuscular injection of PG600. Twelve days after the administration of PG600, gilts were fed 15 …

Genomics Of Mature And Immature Olfactory Sensory Neuron, Timothy S. Mcclintock

Physiology Research Data

The Excel file contains probabilistic predictions of which genes are expressed in mature versus immature olfactory sensory neurons, versus the sum of all other cell types in the olfactory epithelium. Responses to bulbectomy, which differentially affects mature and immature olfactory sensory neurons, supports these predictions.

Mouse Osns Express 10,000 Genes, Timothy S. Mcclintock

Physiology Research Data

This Excel file (both full and compressed versions are available) contains processed GeneChip microarray data that allows predictions of whether a gene is expressed in mature olfactory sensory neurons of mice.

Apocynin Exerts Dose-Dependent Cardioprotective Effects By Attenuating Reactive Oxygen Species In Ischemia/Reperfusion, Qian Chen, Woodworth C. Parker, Issachar Devine, Regina Ondraskik, Tsion Habtamu, Kyle Bartol, Brendan Casey, Harsh Patel, William Chau, Tarah Kuhn

PCOM Scholarly Works

Ischemia/reperfusion results in cardiac contractile dysfunction and cell death partly due to increased reactive oxygen species and decreased endothelial-derived nitric oxide bioavailability. NADPH oxidase normally produces reactive oxygen species to facil

Influence Of Cardiovascular Risk Factors On Remote Ischemic Preconditioning, Tiffany Trachte

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A powerful therapy against microvascular endothelial ischemia-reperfusion injury is remote ischemic preconditioning (rIPC), which triggers tissue protection by exposing a limb to small cycles of vascular occlusion. Animal models indicate that CVD risk factors reduce the protective benefits of ischemic conditioning. However, there are no human studies investigating how a burden of risk factors interferes with rIPC to prevent endothelial injury. The purpose of the present study was to determine the influence of risk factor burden on the capacity of rIPC to prevent endothelial reperfusion injury in humans. Twenty-two (age: 45±14 yr., BMI: 31±8 kg/m2) sedentary adults (12 lower burden: …

Colony Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor (Csf-1r) Expression, Degradation, And Signaling In Lipid-Laden Macrophages, Gregory Thompson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Atherosclerosis is a serious disease affecting a large portion of the world’s population. In atherosclerosis, macrophages become filled with lipid droplets and form fatty plaques in artery walls. The formation of these atherosclerotic plaques is dependent on the macrophage growth factor colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1); however, understanding the changes in CSF-1 signaling and related pathways in foam cells remain poorly investigated. Lipid-laden macrophages were formed through exposure of murine bone marrow derived macrophages to 100 μg/ml acetylated LDL for 24 h. Non-LDL treated macrophages were grown in parallel for each experiment and used for comparison. Immunofluorescent staining was used to …

A Phylogenetic Investigation Of The Spittlebug Superfamily Cercopoidea (Insecta: Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) With Emphasis On The Family Machaerotidae, Adam Jorgensen Bell

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The superfamily Cercopoidea (Insecta: Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) represents a relatively small insect lineage with just over 2600 species in five described families. Known as spittlebugs, these xylem feeding insects have the unique habit of their nymphs building a frothy matrix of partially digested, excreted plant sap and air bubbles in which they seclude themselves. Despite the size of the superfamily, the phylogenetic relationships among the described families and even the total number of families are still being debated.

Exposure To Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers And Perfluoroalkyl Substances And Associations With Thyroid Function In A Remote Population Of Alaska Natives, Samuel Byrne

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Abstract

Metabolomics Enables Precision Medicine: “A White Paper, Community Perspective”, Richard D. Beger, Warwick B. Dunn, Michael A. Schmidt, Steven S. Cross, Jennifer A. Kirwan, Marta S. Cascante, Lorraine Brennan, David S. Wishart, Matej Orešič, Thomas Hankemeier, David Broadhurst, Andrew N. Lane, Karsten Suhre, Gabi Kastenmüller, Susan J. Sumner, Ines Thiele, Oliver E. Fiehn, Rima Kaddurah- Daouk

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Introduction:Background to metabolomics:

Metabolomics is the comprehensive study of the metabolome, the repertoire of biochemicals (or small molecules) present in cells, tissues, and body fluids. The study of metabolism at the global or “-omics” level is a rapidly growing field that has the potential to have a profound impact upon medical practice. At the center of metabolomics, is the concept that a person’s metabolic state provides a close representation of that individual’s overall health status. This metabolic state reflects what has been encoded by the genome, and modified by diet, environmental factors, and the gut microbiome. The metabolic profile provides …

Does Blood Flow Restriction Applied Post High-Load Exercise Augment Skeletal Muscle Growth Following Eight Weeks Of Training?, Scott Justin Dankel

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The application of blood flow restriction during low load exercise has consistently been shown to augment muscle hypertrophy which has been attributed to metabolic accumulation. It remains unknown, however, whether metabolites can augment muscle growth independent of further mechanical tension, specifically when maintained post high-load training. Thirteen untrained individuals performed 24 training sessions. The control arm performed one set of elbow flexion (70% 1RM) exercise to volitional fatigue, while the experimental arm performed the same protocol immediately folloby 3 min of blood flow restriction (70% arterial occlusion). Both conditions completed the same volume (3687 vs. 3638 kg) of exercise. There …

The Impact Of Myeloperoxidase And Its Related Oxidants On Metaphase Ii Mouse Oocyte Quality, Faten Nuri Shaeib

Wayne State University Dissertations

Inflammatory reactions mediated by oxidative stress (OS) have been implicated in the deterioration of oocyte quality, which may lead to subfertility. Oxidative stress generated from enhancement of activated macrophages secondary to an inflammatory response are the major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide (O2•−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (•OH), and hypochlorous acid (HOCl), as well as, the pro-inflammatory enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO). Previously, it has been shown that these ROS have deleterious effect on oocytes; however the link between inflammation through macrophage activity and oocyte quality remains unclear. In this work, we investigated: 1) the mechanism through …

The Role Of Alarmins, Invariant Nkt Cells And Senescence In The Pathophysiology Of Sterile Intra-Amniotic Inflammation, Olesya Plazyo

Wayne State University Dissertations

Preterm birth is defined as the delivery of a live baby prior to the 37th week of gestation. It is the leading cause of neonatal mortality worldwide. Preterm neonates are at a higher risk for short- and long-term complications, and prematurity places significant burden on our society. Elucidation of the mechanisms that lead to spontaneous preterm labor will enable development of therapies to prevent this syndrome. We aimed to study pathological inflammation that is implicated in the pathophysiology of spontaneous preterm labor.

Pathological inflammation can be initiated by the activation of innate immunity either by microorganisms or alarmins, which are …

Cross-Sectional Analysis Of Salivary Cortisol And Cyathostome Infestation In Horses, Danielle L. Keating

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Projects

With an increase in anthelmintic resistance and decreased efficacy of many commercial dewormers, understanding factors that contribute to parasite infestations in horses is integral to their management. The goal of this study was to look at the potential relationship between parasites and stress response by evaluating salivary cortisol levels and cyathostome egg shedding levels. Using a sample size of n = 200 horses from the state of Ohio, fecal and saliva samples were collected from each horse. Fecal egg counts were performed for each horse with a modified Stoll method, and saliva samples were tested with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay …

The Influence Of Abiotic Factors On The Uptake And Elimination Of 3-Trifluoromethyl-4-Nitrophenol By Larval Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon Marinus), Benjamin Livingston Hlina

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The backbone of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control in the Great Lakes is the use of the piscicide, 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM), which is applied to streams containing larval sea lampreys. However, TFM effectiveness can be influenced by abiotic factors such as pH and temperature, which fluctuate daily and seasonally. The objectives of this thesis were to evaluate the influence of pH, temperature, and season on the toxicity, uptake, and elimination of TFM by larval sea lamprey. Radio-labeled TFM (¹⁴C-TFM) was used to determine how TFM uptake rates varied at different water pHs or temperatures during exposure to …

Changes In Brain Water Content In The Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) And In The Goldfish (Carassius Auratus) Due To High External Ammonia Exposure, Phillip Q.H. Pham-Ho

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

In fishes, hyperammonemia may occur following feeding or exposure to abnormally high concentrations of environmental ammonia due to sewage effluents, agricultural run-off and in crowded aquaculture pens. Increased internal ammonia can result in hyperactivity, convulsions, coma and death. In mammals, it is also associated with potentially fatal brain edema, in which the accumulation of intracellular water results in swelling, increased intracranical pressure and herniation leading to death. Recently it was shown that rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and goldfish (Carassius auratus) experience brain swelling following exposure to high external ammonia (HEA). However, the mechanism of ammonia-induced brain …