Exercise Physiology Commons^™

Clinical Outcomes Of Different Tempos Of Music During Exercise In Cardiac Rehabilitation Patients, Jarad S. Miller, Donna J. Terbizan

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(5): 681-689, 2017. This study examined the effects of stimulating and sedative music on ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and feeling status during exercise in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) patients. Twenty-two male and female older adults age 64 ± 8.0 y currently enrolled in phase III CR completed the study. Repeated measures crossover designs guided data collection. The manipulated independent variable was music condition (sedative, stimulating, and non-music control). The dependent variables were RPE, BP, HR, and feeling status with each represented by four repeated measures ANOVAs over time via …

Irisin And Fibronectin Type Iii Domain-Containing 5 Responses To Exercise In Different Environmental Conditions, Matthew Bubak, Matthew W.S. Heesch, Robert J. Shute, Nicholas E. Dinan, Terence L. Laursen, D. Taylor La Salle, Dustin R. Slivka

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(5): 666-680, 2017. Fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FNDC5) is a skeletal muscle membrane-bound precursor to the myokine irisin. Irisin is involved in stimulating adipose tissue to become more metabolically active in order to produce heat. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of exercise in a hot (33 °C), cold (7 °C), and room temperature (RT, 20 °C) environment on the skeletal muscle gene expression of FNDC5 and the plasma concentrations of irisin. Twelve recreationally trained males completed three separate, 1 h cycling bouts at 60% of W_max in a …

The Effect Of Psychomotor Performance, Cerebral And Arterial Blood Saturation Between African-American And Caucasian Males Before, During And After Normobaric Hypoxic Exercise, Matthew R. Feeback, Yongsuk Seo, Matthew Dancy, Ellen L. Glickman

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(5): 655-665, 2017. To further elucidate physiological and cognitive performance differences between African-American (AA) and Caucasian individuals (CAU) before, during or after hypoxic and normoxic exercise. Twelve college aged (18-25) apparently healthy African-American (six volunteers) and Caucasian (six subjects) males took part in two trials consisting of normobaric normoxia and normobaric hypoxia (12% oxygen). Each subject cycled at 50% of their altitude adjusted VO_2max (-26% of normoxia VO_2max) for one hour after a two-hour baseline. Subjects were monitored for cerebral and arterial O₂ saturation, as well as the Trail Making Test …

Blood Flow Restriction Training: Implementation Into Clinical Practice, William R. Vanwye, Alyssa Weatherholt, Alan E. Mikesky

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(5): 649-654, 2017. To improve muscular strength and hypertrophy the American College of Sports Medicine recommends moderate to high load resistance training. However, use of moderate to high loads are often not feasible in clinical populations. Therefore, the emergence of low load (LL) blood flow restriction (BFR) training as a rehabilitation tool for clinical populations is becoming popular. Although the majority of research on LL-BFR training has examined healthy populations, clinical applications are emerging. Overall, it appears BFR training is a safe and effective tool for rehabilitation. However, additional research is needed prior to widespread …

The Effect Of Blinded Hydration State On Thermoregulation And Performance In Male Cyclists, Jon David Adams

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of these studies was to observe the effect of dehydration on exercise performance while subjects were blinded to their hydration status. Methods: Study 1: Seven male cyclists (weight: 71±8 kg, body fat: 14±6%, VO2peak: 59.4±6 ml∙kg-1·min-1) exercised for 2 hours on a cycle ergometer at 55% VO2peak, in a hot-dry environment (35°C, 30% rh), with a nasogastric (NG) tube under euhydrated (EUH-NT) and hypohydrated (DEH-NT) conditions. In both trials, thirst was matched by drinking 25 mL every 5 min. In the EUH-NT trial sweat losses were fully replaced via the NG tube. Following the 2 hours of …

Increases In Variation Of Barbell Kinematics Are Observed With Increasing Intensity In A Graded Back Squat Test, Kevin M. Carroll, Kimitake Sato, Caleb D. Bazyler, N. Travis Triplett, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

The purpose of the current study was two-fold: (1) To examine the variation in velocity and power with increasing intensity in the back squat among subjects; and (2) To explore individual subject characteristics as possible explanations for variations of velocity in the back squat. Fourteen recreationally trained male subjects with experience in the back squat agreed to participate in the study (age = 25.0 ± 2.6 years, height = 178.9 ± 8.1 cm, body mass = 88.2 ± 15.8 kg). One-repetition maximums (1RM) were performed for each subject on force platforms with four linear position transducers attached to the barbell. …

The Validity Of Submaximal Exercise Testing In Obese Women, Gabrielle Ringenberg

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

Background: Submaximal exercise tests use heart rate responses to low-to-moderate intensity activity in order to predict cardiorespiratory fitness (VO_2max). Currently used tests may be inappropriate for obese populations as obese women have altered heart rate responses to exercise. The purpose of this project is to test the validity of the Modified Bruce Protocol submaximal treadmill test in obese women. Methods: Normal-weight (NWG) and obese women (OBG) completed the Modified Bruce submaximal treadmill test (to predict VO_2max using previously validated equations) and a maximal graded exercise test on a treadmill using the Standard Bruce Protocol (to obtain an …

Body Mass Index Associations Between Mother And Offspring From Birth To Age 18: The Fels Longitudinal Study, Stacie S. Swanton, Audrey C. Choh, Miryoung Lee, Lloyd L. Laubach, Jon K. Linderman, Stefan A. Czerwinski, Matthew J. Peterson

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

Background: Parental obesity is a known determinant of childhood obesity. Previous research has shown a strong maternal influence on body mass index (BMI) during infancy and early childhood.

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to investigate the BMI associations between mother and offspring from birth to age 18 years.

Methods: Participants were selected from the Fels Longitudinal Study. The current study sample includes 427 (215 mother/son and 212 mother/daughter) mother/child pairs. These pairs are repeatedly measured at multiple age groups in children, resulting in a total of 6,263 (3,215 mother/son, 3,048 mother/daughter) observations for data analysis. Inclusion criteria were …

Comparison Of Ventilatory Measures And 20 Km Time Trial Performance, Willard Peveler

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(4): 640-648, 2017. Performance threshold measures are used to predict cycling performance. Previous research has focused on long time trials (≥ 40 km) using power at ventilatory threshold and respiratory threshold to estimate time trial performance. As intensity greatly differs during shorter time trails applying findings from longer time trials may not be appropriate. The use of heart rate measures to determine 20 km time trial performance has yet to be examined. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of heart rate measures at ventilatory threshold (VE/VO₂ Plotted and VT determined …

Changes In Running Economy, Respiratory Exchange Ratio And Vo2max In Runners Following A 10-Day Altitude Training Camp, Sebastian R. Diebel, Ian Newhouse, David S. Thompson, Vineet B.K. Johnson

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(4): 629-639, 2017. Running economy (RE) and VO₂max are important predictors of endurance performance for elite and semi-elite endurance athletes, with RE being an appropriate predictor in a homogenous running population. Altitude training has been observed to change RE (mL.kg^-1.min^-1), and VO₂max due to alterations resulting from acclimatization. This study tracked changes in RE and VO₂max before and after a 10-day altitude training camp at 1828 meters. VO₂max_, RE expressed calorically, and respiratory exchange ratio (RER), were measured below anaerobic threshold (AT) …

King-Devick Performance Following Moderate And High Exercise Intensity Bouts., Billymo Rist, Adrian Cohen, Alan J. Pearce

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(4): 619-628, 2017. The King-Devick (K-D) test is a concise, noninvasive assessment of oculomotor and cognitive function that has been shown to detect sub-optimal brain performance following sports head trauma. Used in a number of sports as a sideline concussion assessment tool, the K-D test can be administered by non-medical personnel. However, the issue regarding the effect of exercise on K-D performance has not been fully explored. Using a randomized crossover design, this study aimed to compare the effect of two intensities of exercise on K-D performance. Twenty males (21.2 ± 1.9 years) completed the …

Mood And Performance Anxiety In High School Basketball Players: A Pilot Study, Steffen J. Hoover, Rachel K. Winter, Holly Mccutchan, Christina C. Beaudoin, Lawrence W. Judge, Lani M. Jones, Brianna Leitzlar, Donald L. Hoover

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(4): 604-618, 2017. Participation in competitive sport may impact psychological measures, such as mood and performance anxiety, which in turn may impact enjoyment, adherence, continued participation, and so on. This study assessed the feasibility – in terms of process, resources, management, and potential scientific value– of measuring the effect of varying competitive challenges upon the mood and performance anxiety measures of high school athletes. The participants (n=12) consisted of the boys’ varsity basketball team at a high school in a rural Midwestern community. Participants completed the Profile of Mood States (POMS) to assess mood and …

The Effect Of Incline On Caloric Expenditure Measured By A Wrist-Worn Commercial Activity Monitor, Kaitlin M. Bickel

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

Purpose Physical activity monitors have become popular among the general public to monitor steps, floors climbed, active minutes, and energy expenditure (EE). While there is evidence to support that these devices are accurate in counting steps, there is limited and inconclusive research regarding how accurate they are in measuring EE. This study aimed to test the accuracy of a newer commercial physical activity monitor, the Fitbit Charge (FC), in reporting EE compared to a research-grade accelerometer (GT3X), and indirect calorimetry (IC) while walking on a treadmill with and without incline.

Methods 30 subjects (22 female and 8 male) walked on …

Mathematical Modeling And Expression Of Heart Rate Deflection Point Using Heart Rate And Oxygen Consumption, Kayla M. Baker, David H. Fukuda Ph.D., David Church, Michael B. La Monica, Kyle S. Beyer, Jay R. Hoffman, Jeffrey R. Stout Ph.D.

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(4): 592-603, 2017. Heart rate deflection point (HRDP) can be determined through different mathematical-modeling procedures, such as bi-segmental linear regression (2SEG) or maximal distance model (Dmax). The purpose was to compare heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (VO₂) at HRDP when using 2SEG and Dmax, and to examine their relationships with respiratory compensation point (RCP) and running performance. Nineteen participants completed a graded exercise test (GXT), to determine HRDP and RCP, and a 5km treadmill time trial (5K_time). No differences were found in HR or VO₂ when comparing HRDP_{2SEG …}

The Effects Of Work-To-Rest Ratios On Torque, Electromyographic, And Mechanomyographic Responses To Fatiguing Workbouts, Ethan C. Hill, Terry J. Housh, Cory M. Smith, Kristen C. Cochrane, Nathaniel D.M. Jenkins, Richard J. Schmidt, Glen O. Johnson

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(4): 580-591, 2017. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of 2 different work-to-rest ratios, but the same mean load, cycle time, and total duration of the exercise bout, on maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque and neuromuscular responses to fatiguing, intermittent, submaximal, isometric, forearm flexion muscle actions. Ten men performed 2 fatiguing protocols with different work-to-rest ratios (4 s contraction, 4 s rest vs. 4 s contraction, alternating 6 and 2 s rest) that consisted of 50 intermittent, submaximal (65% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction), isometric, forearm flexion muscle actions. Electromyographic …

Optimal Nutrition For Endurance Exercise: A Systematic Review, Sarah E. Andrus Ms, Bruce W. Andrus Md Ms

Dartmouth Scholarship

Introduction

As fatigue in endurance events correlates with depletion of muscle glycogen, the traditional approach to nutritional support has been carbohydrate loading. However, there has been recent interest in improving athletic endurance performance by novel diets in the days to weeks prior to endurance events, the pre-event meal, and during exercise.

Methods

We searched PubMed and SCOPUS for randomized trials published from 1992-2017 with a primary endpoint of endurance performance. We identified 407 citations which were examined against our inclusion criteria of randomization or crossover allocation to diet and for which a primary outcome was endurance performance.

Results

Twenty full …

Physiological Characteristics Of Projected Starters And Non-Starters In The Field Positions From A Division I Women’S Soccer Team, Fabrice G. Risso, Farzad Jalilvand, Ashley J. Orjalo, Matthew R. Moreno, Deshaun L. Davis, Samantha A. Birmingham-Babauta, John J. Stokes, Alyssa A. Stage, Tricia M. Liu, Dominic V. Giuliano, Adrina Lazar, Robert G. Lockie

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(4): 568-579, 2017. NCAA soccer features different substitution rules compared to FIFA-sanctioned matches, with a greater availability of players who can enter the game. This could influence the physiological characteristics of the field position starters (ST) and non-starters (NST) within a collegiate women’s team, which has not been previously analyzed. Thus, 22 field players from the same Division I women’s soccer squad completed: vertical and standing broad jumps; 30-meter (m) sprint (0-5, 0-10, 0-30 m intervals); pro-agility and 60-yard shuttle; and the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1. Players were defined into ST (n=10) and …

The Effects Of Caffeine Ingestion On The Hemostatic Response To Simulated Firefighting Activities, Sierra D. Wassell

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

Sudden cardiac events are the leading cause of death among firefighters, and it is acknowledged that most ischemic events are due to an occlusive thrombus formation. In addition, due to the demanding job requirements and shift work, firefighters commonly overuse caffeine. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential effects of caffeine on the hemostatic response to simulated firefighting activity. Twelve healthy male firefighters (age, 31.3 ± 5.4 yrs; weight, 94.2 ± 13.1 kg; BMI, 28.7 ± 2.9 kg·m^-2) participated in this study, wearing full personal protective equipment (PPE) and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Subjects completed …

Effects Of 12 Weeks Of Physical Training On Body Composition And Physical Fitness In Military Recruits, Leandra C B Campos, Fabio A D Campos, Thiago A R Bezerra, Idico L. Pellegrinotti

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(4): 560-567, 2017. The aim of this study was to analyze the morphological and functional changes in military recruits after twelve weeks of physical training. The sample consisted of 130 volunteer recruits aged 18-19 years. Anthropometric variables were assessed (body weight, height, body mass index, arm, waist, and hip circumference, waist/hip ratio, skinfold thickness of the triceps, suprailiac, and abdomen, and body fat percentage) and the sit-up test (1 minute), push-up test, and 12-minute running test. The physical training protocol involved running workouts, strength, agility, and flexibility. Descriptive statistical procedures were performed with mean, standard …

The Effect Of Betaine On Nitrate And Cardiovascular Response To Exercise, J. Luke Pryor, Stephen A. Wolf, Gary Sforzo, Tom Swensen

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(4): 550-559, 2017. Betaine (BT) supplementation improves selected markers of physical performance, however, the mechanism(s) by which this change occurs remains largely unknown. Some speculate that BT may increase circulating nitrate concentrations, improving physical performance by augmentation of endothelial nitric oxide production. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acute BT supplementation and exercise on plasma nitrate levels and related cardiovascular response (CVR). Placebo and BT trials were administered in a cross-over, randomized, double-blind, and counterbalanced fashion. Ten healthy college-aged volunteers consumed either a 250 ml placebo (carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage, CHO) or …