Exercise Physiology Commons^™

Analysis Of Total And Segmental Body Composition Relative To Fitness Performance Measures In Law Enforcement Recruits, Kyle S. Collins, Bryan Christensen, Robin Marc Orr, Joe Dulla, J. Jay Dawes, Robert G. Lockie

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(4): 245-260, 2022. Law enforcement agencies often test the fitness performance and body composition of incoming recruits. This study investigated the relationships between whole and segmental body composition, and fitness tests in law enforcement recruits. A retrospective analysis of 72 male and 11 female recruits was performed. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) variables were: lean mass (LM), upper-extremity lean mass (UELM), trunk LM, lower-extremity lean mass (LELM), fat mass (FM), upper-extremity fat mass (UEFM), trunk FM, and lower-extremity fat mass (LEFM). Fitness tests included: vertical jump (VJ), peak anaerobic power (PAPw), 75-yard pursuit run (75PR), push-ups, …

Fluid Restriction Dehydration Increase Core Temperature During Endurance Exercise Compared To Exercise Induced Dehydration, Jessica E. Sansone, Mary S. Guyer, Elizabeth M. Mullin, Brian Thompson

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(2): 166-176, 2022. This study aimed to evaluate the difference in heart rate and core temperature during aerobic exercise between two forms of dehydration: exercise-induced (EI) and fluid restricted (FR). Twenty-two subjects (N = 22; 83.35 ± 13.92 kg) completed the current study, performing a familiarization session, a pre-experimental exercise session, and two exercise testing sessions. The EI exercise trial (81.52 ± 13.72 kg) was conducted after performing exercise in a hot environment to lose three to four percent of body weight and partial rehydration. The FR exercise trial (81.53 ± 14.14 kg) …

The Effects Of A 2-Hour Surfing Session On The Hydration Status Of Male Recreational Surfers, Bryon O'Neill, Eric Leon, James Furness, Ben Schram, Kevin Kemp-Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(6): 1388-1399, 2021. Surfing is a popular sport globally which is performed in varied environmental conditions. With limited research in the field exploring hydration, monitoring the effect of surfing on subject hydration is warranted. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between surfing intensity and hydration status. A total of ten recreational male surfers were recruited for this study where hydration status was assessed pre-and post-surf session by measures of body mass (BM) and urine specific gravity (USG). Intensity of the surf session was quantified by Global Positioning Systems and Heart Rate …

Examining The Effects Of Exercise-Induced, Physical Stress Overtraining On Stress Biomarkers In Adolescent, C57bl/6 Mice, Curtis Scotty Davis

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Exercise has long been established as a therapeutic modality to improve health and related physical fitness, sports performance, and injury/risk reduction in both adults and adolescents (Haff & Triplett, 2015; Kaminsky, 2010). Nonetheless, there is a lack of research investigating the negative effects of exercise overstress (i.e., overtraining syndrome) in these populations, particularly adolescents (Brenner & American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness, 2007; Matos & Winsley, 2007). The objective of this study was to examine hormone biochemical markers, anthropometric markers, and behavioral traits, which are associated with overtraining syndrome, in adolescent C57BL/6 mice. A total of …

Maximal Strength Training Increases Metabolic Energy Expenditure In Sedentary Adults Classified As Obese, Robert E. Anderson Iii

Theses and Dissertations--Nutrition and Food Systems

Background: Metabolic adaptations reduce resting and non-resting energy expenditure to account for approximately 120 kcal/day. Weight loss promotes greater skeletal muscle efficiency, reducing the energy cost of physical activity and is correlated with declines in skeletal muscle glucose oxidation. Maximal Strength Training (MST) has the potential to upregulate glucose utilization and may offset these metabolic adaptations. Objective: To determine if MST offsets markers of metabolic adaptation by increasing resting and non-resting energy expenditure in sedentary individuals classified as obese. Methods: Five (5) participants (2 females, 3 males), ages 18-35 years, with obesity (BMI 30–45 kg/m2) were enrolled in an 8-week …

Pulmonary Capillary Recruitment And Distention In Mammalian Lungs: Species Similarities, David Langleben, Benjamin D. Fox, Stylianos E. Orfanos, Michele Giovinazzo, John D. Catravas

Bioelectrics Publications

Pulmonary arterial pressure rises minimally during exercise. The pulmonary microcirculation accommodates increasing blood flow via recruitment of pulmonary capillaries and, at higher flows, by distention of already perfused capillaries. The flow transition range between recruitment and distention has not been studied or compared across mammalian species, including humans. We hypothesised that the range would be similar. Functional pulmonary capillary surface area (FCSA) can be estimated using validated metabolic techniques. We reviewed data from previous studies in three mammalian species (perfused rabbit lungs and dog lung lobes, and exercising humans) and generated blood flow-FCSA curves over a range of flows. We …

Evaluation Of Air Consumption And Work Efficiency In Structural Firefighters, Emily Lynn Langford

Theses and Dissertations--Kinesiology and Health Promotion

INTRODUCTION: For safe and efficient fireground performance, firefighters (FF) must consume air supplied by the self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) efficiently while sustaining high work rates. Firefighter research and fire department physical ability assessments typically quantify performance solely on task completion time (i.e., work rate), failing to consider the critical element of air consumption efficiency, which subsequently impacts the SCBA’s functional work duration. PURPOSES: (Arm 1, Aim #1) To examine variability in air consumption (AC) between FF during standardized pace tasks; (Arm 1, Aim #2) To evaluate AC efficiency (ACE) against a recognized metabolic-work rate concept of economy; (Arm …

Regulation Of Skeletal Muscle Plasticity By The Gut Microbiome, Taylor R. Valentino

Theses and Dissertations--Physiology

Recent evidence suggests that the gut microbiome could play a role in skeletal muscle plasticity, providing novel treatments for muscle wasting diseases and/or performance enhancements. I first sought to determine if the gut microbiome is necessary for skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise. Forty-two, four-month old, female C57Bl/6J underwent nine weeks of weighted wheel running or remained in cage with a locked wheel, without or without the administration of antibiotics (treated). In response to wheel running, I found that antibiotic depletion of the microbiome led to a blunted hypertrophic response in the soleus muscle as measured by normalized muscle wet weight …

Effects Of Mindfulness And Stress Management On Neurocardiovascular And Psychological Outcomes, Aditi P. Vyas

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

There has been a higher prevalence of developing anxiety due to frequent episodes of stress among adults in recent years. Chronic anxiety can contribute to the prevalence of elevated blood pressure and hypertension. High anxiety and stress also contribute to overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system which can be quantified by increased muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). Sympathetic overactivation can lead to vasoconstriction and loss of arterial elasticity. Anxiety, MSNA, blood pressure, and arterial stiffness are all interconnected, thus studying these relationships is crucial to understand the underlying mechanisms for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Non-pharmacological and mind-body …

A Comparison Of The Magnitude Of The Mental Health Benefits Of Exercising Outdoors Vs Exercising Indoors: A Review, Greta M. Rueschmann

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Many people in the United States suffer from poor mental health which can lead to suicide, self-harm, or negative effects on job performance and relationships. Not everyone can afford traditional therapy nor feels comfortable with it. With a greater emphasis placed on taking care of one’s mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, there should also be a greater emphasis placed on finding alternative types of therapy that can be matched to individuals based on their personalities and preferences. One such alternative is outdoor exercise. This review was conducted to examine whether exercising or performing physical activity outdoors results in greater …

Graston Technique® Combined With Therapeutic Intervention As An Alternative Treatment For A Grade Iii Ucl Thumb Sprain: A Disablement Model Case Study, Raul Anaya Jr., Kim Bacalla, Annette D. Monk

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Nonoperative measures have been shown to have positive effects on thumb ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) sprains considered less than complete. This case presents evidence supporting Graston Technique® (GT) plus therapeutic exercise in order to decrease pain and stiffness in a collegiate football athlete who sustained a grade III UCL sprain. The results showed that there was a reduction in pain level above the minimal clinically importance difference, and ROM improved throughout the three-week intervention. The findings of this case study provide minimal support for an alternative treatment to reduce pain and stiffness in a grade III UCL sprain, with further …

How Exercise Affects The Musculoskeletal System In The Biological Sexes: A Literature Review, Lauren Connolly

Honors Program Theses

Exercise has countless benefits for the human body. Physical activity increases overall health and reduces the risk of developing many chronic diseases. While the entire body is impacted by exercise, the musculoskeletal system is perhaps targeted most directly. Muscle contraction is required to complete any form of exercise, which helps build muscle mass and consequently strengthens bones. The physiology of musculoskeletal growth after exercise is the same for all individuals. However, the magnitude of this growth is not the same for men and women. Men have a profound ability to gain muscle mass that most women are not capable of …

The Effect Of Wearable Activity Monitor Presence On Step Counts, William B. Tayler, James D. Lecheminant, Jospeh Price, Christian P. Tadje

Faculty Publications

Objective: In this study, we tested the effect of wearable activity monitors and tracking on physical activity over 2 weeks.

Methods: Ninety young adults participated. Prior to initiation of the study, each participant was asked to download an iPhone app that tracked physical activity level (step counts) but were not told the app’s purpose. Each participant was then randomly assigned to one of 3 groups (N=30/group): (1) measurement awareness, (2) measurement awareness+track/record, or (3) control. Participants in the measurement awareness and the measurement awareness+track/record groups were given a pedometer to wear for 2 weeks. Additionally, participants in the measurement awareness+track/ …

Hiring Practices Among Ncaa Division Iii Head Athletic Trainers, J P. Goza, S A. Cage, Z K. Winkelmann, B J. Warner, M Mckenney

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Context: Limited empirical evidence exists on how athletic trainers (ATs) are hired by NCAA institutions. Current legislation protects many demographics from discrimination during hiring, but these laws may not be enforced by institutions. Thus, the purpose of this study was to describe potential factors that might influence the hiring practices of NCAA Division III Head Athletic Trainers. Methods: We used a web-based survey (Qualtrics) that was distributed by email to 329 NCAA Division III Head Athletic Trainers. A total of 114 ATs completed the survey (response and completion rate=34.7%). The survey included a prompt for hiring an assistant athletic trainer …

Conservative Care Of A Patient With Initial Anterior Shoulder Dislocation Participating In An Intercollegiate Basketball: A Disablement Model Case Study, Lucas Bianco

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

A 23-year-old male patient participating in intercollegiate basketball, suffered an acute shoulder dislocation. The patient was diagnosed with an anterior glenohumeral labral tear and was treated with an indirect approach to increase range of motion (ROM) and function while decreasing pain. Patient-related outcome (PRO) measures were used along with clinician related outcome (CRO) measures to discharge the patient. The immediate changes in ROM and pain along with follow-up assessments of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, Hand (DASH) Scale achieved Minimal Clinically Importance Difference (MCID) levels. As rehabilitation specialists, athletic trainers have the opportunity to provide quality care to patients …

Recommendation For Best Practices In The Management Of Musculoskeletal Pain: An Evidence-To-Practice Review, Laura M. Kehr, Dylan C. Rowe, Rylee M. Learn, Allison B. Smith, Zachary K. Winkelmann

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

While musculoskeletal (MSK) pain conditions are some of the most common health issues faced internationally, the quality of patient care with MSK pain is lacking. Problems with MSK care include the overuse of imaging, surgery, opioids, and failure to educate patients. Improving the quality of care for MSK conditions is considered a priority for all involved healthcare clinicians. The 2019 guiding systematic review addressed the concerns of MSK management by identifying common recommendations for high-quality care through appraisals of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). Data was extracted from four databases and included articles examining the most common sites of MSK pain …

Hiring Practices Among Ncaa Division Ii Head Athletic Trainers, B J. Warner, Z K. Winkelmann, S A. Cage, D M. Gallegos, L E. Trail

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Context: To the authors’ knowledge, there are few studies on how athletic trainers (ATs) are hired by NCAA institutions. Current legislation protects many demographics from discrimination during hiring, but these laws may not be enforced by institutions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe factors that might influence the hiring practices of NCAA Division II Head Athletic Trainers. Methods: We used a web-based survey (Qualtrics) that was distributed to by email to 278 NCAA Division II Head Athletic Trainers. A total of 96 ATs completed the survey (response and completion rate=34.5%). The survey included a prompt for hiring …

Clinical Implications Of Telemedicine For Surgical Care: An Evidence-To-Practice Review, Adam M. Hollien, Mary Catherine Avey, Zachary K. Winkelmann

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Telemedicine is a newer concept in medicine that utilizes technological devices to provide care to patients. In a society already greatly advanced with technology, telemedicine is the new frontier in healthcare. Implementing telemedicine into current practices will benefit both the patient and the provider. The technology utilized with telemedicine has demonstrated promise by decreasing patient travel time, decreasing lost time from work, increasing patient interactions, and increasing interprofessional collaboration. The cost of implementation is minimal compared to the cost savings that will be accrued from utilizing this technology. There are many specialty areas in healthcare where telemedicine can be implemented …

Suspension Training As An Effective Intervention To Improve Core Stability: A Critically Appraised Topic, S Stiltner, M Boham, D Melrose

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Clinical Scenario: The core is a functional unit connecting the upper and lower extremities consisting of abdominal, back, and hip musculature. Core stability is a determining factor in patient motor performance and provides optimal force production and precision of movement. A highly functional core is essential in injury prevention and rehabilitation. Traditional means of core stability training are performed on a stable surface. Emerging research suggests patients may benefit from core stability training on unstable mediums such as is used with suspension training. Clinical Question: Does suspension training improve core activity in an active population? Search Strategy: Key words used …

The Effects Of Fatigue On Landing Impact Forces And Postural Steadiness In Collegiate Volleyball Players, Zebadiah P. Boos

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Background: The onset of exhaustion can reduce the performance of an athlete and may add to the risk of injury. This establishes the necessity to understand when and how the athlete’s performance is altered as they become fatigued in competition or practice. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of fatigue on dynamic and static tasks in collegiate volleyball athletes by implementing a fatiguing jump protocol. Methods: To replicate an in-game or in-practice situation, five sets of 30 countermovement jumps (CMJ) at 85% maximal height was implemented. Prior to the fatigue protocol, a baseline measure of CMJ …