Mechanistic Insight Into Chronic Stress-Induced Cerebrovascular Dysfunction,
2022
West Virginia University
Mechanistic Insight Into Chronic Stress-Induced Cerebrovascular Dysfunction, Emily Nicole Burrage
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Despite decades of research psychological stress remains a prevalent problem in society, often diminishing quality of life and increasing the risk of developing dementia. The brain plays a central role in the response to stress and as it is unable to store energy substrates, the brain relies heavily on dynamically regulated blood flow. Therefore, it is important that there is a tight coupling between neural activity and cerebral blood flow to meet metabolic demands and maintain critical brain function. It has been established that chronic psychological stress has detrimental effects on cerebrovascular function, potentially through increased superoxide anion production through …
How Exercise Affects The Musculoskeletal System In The Biological Sexes: A Literature Review,
2022
University of Northern Iowa
How Exercise Affects The Musculoskeletal System In The Biological Sexes: A Literature Review, Lauren Connolly
Honors Program Theses
Exercise has countless benefits for the human body. Physical activity increases overall health and reduces the risk of developing many chronic diseases. While the entire body is impacted by exercise, the musculoskeletal system is perhaps targeted most directly. Muscle contraction is required to complete any form of exercise, which helps build muscle mass and consequently strengthens bones. The physiology of musculoskeletal growth after exercise is the same for all individuals. However, the magnitude of this growth is not the same for men and women. Men have a profound ability to gain muscle mass that most women are not capable of …
Caffeinated Gum Does Not Influence Rpe-Regulated Cadence In Recreationally-Active, College Females Regardless Of Habitual Caffeine Consumption,
2021
University of North Alabama
Caffeinated Gum Does Not Influence Rpe-Regulated Cadence In Recreationally-Active, College Females Regardless Of Habitual Caffeine Consumption, Maria L. Mask, Bandar A. Alghamdi, Lauren G. Killen, James M. Green, Eric K. O'Neal, Hunter S. Waldman
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 14(2): 1375-1387, 2021. Caffeine (CAF) has been extensively studied for its ergogenic and analgesic effects during exercise. However, the majority of these studies have been conducted in male populations. This study investigated the effects of acute CAF chewing gum on self-selected exercise intensity during a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) production trial in active females (n = 16, 21.0 ± 2.8 y). Data were also analyzed based on habitual CAF consumption level. Participants completed a V̇O2peak trial, followed by a familiarization and two randomized, triple-blinded experimental RPE production trials on an arm ergometer …
Effects Of Respite Music On Repeated Upper-Body Resistance Exercise Performance,
2021
Samford University
Effects Of Respite Music On Repeated Upper-Body Resistance Exercise Performance, Jonathan T. Lehman, Brooklyn G. Whitmire, Rebecca R. Rogers, Tyler D. Williams, Christopher G. Ballmann Facsm
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 15(7): 79-87, 2022. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of self-selected respite music on upper-body resistance exercise performance. In a crossover, counterbalanced study design, resistance-trained males (n = 10) participated in two bench press trials each with a different condition: 1) No music (NM), 2) Listening to respite music (RM; i.e. during rest periods). Following a warm-up, participants completed 3 sets × repetitions to failure (RTF) at 75% of 1-RM separated by 2 minutes of rest. During the 2-minute rest, participants either listened to NM or RM until the next …
An Exploratory Comparison Of Subjective Mental Fatigue Following A Task Designed To Replicate The Observation Of Game Film,
2021
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
An Exploratory Comparison Of Subjective Mental Fatigue Following A Task Designed To Replicate The Observation Of Game Film, Anthony Magdaleno, Lenny Wiersma, Barbara B. Meyer
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 15(6): 25-35, 2022. Laboratory-induced subjective mental fatigue (MF) has been shown to decrease sport-related performance (23, 38), yet there is a lack of research identifying tasks in real-world sport environments that induce MF (37). Since the identification of real-world tasks that induce MF may inform activities undertaken in the daily training and competition environments, the purpose of the current study was to compare changes in MF following a task designed to replicate the observation of game film to changes in MF following completion of a laboratory-based task (e.g., Stroop test). On separate counterbalanced visits, participants …
The Influence Of Relaxing And Self-Selected Stimulating Music On Vertical Jump Performance In Male Volleyball Players,
2021
IST University of Applied Sciences, Düsseldorf
The Influence Of Relaxing And Self-Selected Stimulating Music On Vertical Jump Performance In Male Volleyball Players, Simon Gavanda, T. J. Hosang, S. Wagener, N Sönmez, I. Kayser, A. J. Knicker
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 15(6): 15-24, 2022. Most research concerning the effects of music on physical performance was conducted using endurance parameters. This study investigated the effects of relaxing (RLX) vs. self-selected stimulating music (SM) vs. no music (NM) on jump height (JH), jump power (PWR), and average rest period between jumps (RP) in 13 athletes (age: 25.5 ± 2.6 years). After a warm-up and listening to music (1 min) or NM, participants completed five squat jumps on a force plate. Psychological ratings of mood were assessed using a questionnaire before warm-up and after jumping. A one-way ANOVA was …
Functional Movement Screen In High School Basketball Players,
2021
Bowling Green State University
Functional Movement Screen In High School Basketball Players, Nikole J. Keil, Lynn A. Darby, K. Todd Keylock, Jessica Kiss
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 15(6): 1-14, 2022. Pre-participation screening and tracking of an athlete’s functional status during a competitive season is essential to maintaining optimal performance. The sport of basketball had the third highest number of boys and girls participating during the 2018-2019 season (23), which typically occurs October to March each year. The Functional Movement Screen™ (FMS; 10) has been administered to some youth athletes from various sports, however, both males and females from basketball have not been studied extensively. The purposes of this study were: 1) to assess functional movements before and after the natural progression of …
The Health And Fitness Characteristics Of Civilian Jailer Recruits Prior To Academy Training,
2021
California State University, Fullerton
The Health And Fitness Characteristics Of Civilian Jailer Recruits Prior To Academy Training, Robert G. Lockie, Matthew R. Moreno, Joseph M. Dulla, Robin (Rob) Marc Orr, J. Jay Dawes, Karly A. Rodas
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 15(4): 58-78, 2022. Civilian jailer (CJ) recruits may not complete fitness testing within their hiring process. As certain job tasks in custody/jail facilities can be physically demanding (e.g., inmate restraint), better health and fitness should help a recruit graduate from a CJ academy and be prepared for the occupation. This study investigated the health and fitness characteristics of CJ recruits entering academy training, detailed between-sex differences, and categorized recruits relative to population norms. Retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 89 CJ recruits (48 males, 41 females) across three academy classes from one law enforcement …
Relationships Between Hex Bar Deadlift One-Repetition Maximum And Maximal Isometric Pulls,
2021
Kent State University
Relationships Between Hex Bar Deadlift One-Repetition Maximum And Maximal Isometric Pulls, Brandon A. Miller, Eliott Arroyo, Emily C. Tagesen, Adam R. Jajtner
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 15(4): 45-57, 2022. This study sought to determine relationships between hexagonal barbell (HBB) deadlift one-repetition maximum (1-RM) and force-time characteristics of maximal isometric pulls. Twenty-three healthy adults (13 men [8 trained], 10 women [4 trained]) completed three visits consisting of a familiarization and anthropometrics session, a HBB deadlift 1-RM session, and a performance session with three maximal isometric pulls at three positions: lift-off (FLOOR), knee-passing (KNEE), and mid-thigh (MT). Correlation analyses assessed relationships between 1-RM and force-time characteristics at each position with significance set a priori at α ≤ 0.05. Correlation coefficients between 1-RM and …
Sleep And Risk For Metabolic Syndrome, Hypertension, Diabetes And Obesity Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults,
2021
University of North Carolina at Charlotte
Sleep And Risk For Metabolic Syndrome, Hypertension, Diabetes And Obesity Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults, Philip Zendels, Trudy L. Moore-Harrison, Jane F. Gaultney
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 15(3): 88-102, 2022. Older adults often face a variety of health problems that are found less frequently in younger populations. Metabolic syndrome and other related diseases are common due to a variety of age and lifestyle factors. Sleep, often operationalized only as duration, quality, or apnea diagnosis, is associated with worse health outcomes across the lifespan. However, sleep is multi-faceted and may require a collection of measures in order to reflect this. This study examined a suite of self-reported sleep habits (risk for sleep apnea, night time duration, nap duration, quality, timing, and consistency of …
Cardiovascular, Metabolic And Perceptual Responses To Preferred Walking Speed At Different Inclines And Post Exercise Postural Control In Healthy College Age Adults,
2021
North Carolina Wesleyan College
Cardiovascular, Metabolic And Perceptual Responses To Preferred Walking Speed At Different Inclines And Post Exercise Postural Control In Healthy College Age Adults, Meir Magal, S. Leanna Fann, Kathleen S. Thomas
International Journal of Exercise Science
Although several studies investigated heart rate (HR) and metabolic responses to preferred walking speed (PWS), there is a limited amount of data on PWS responses during varying inclines. Further, there is no data pertaining to the impact of PWS at various inclines on postural control. The purpose of the study was to measure cardiovascular, metabolic, perceptual, and postural impacts of walking at PWS at various inclines. Twenty-one participants completed two lab sessions, seven days apart. On day one, PWS on the treadmill and maximal oxygen consumption (O2max) were established for each participant. On day two, using a counter …
Effects Of Low Dose Caffeine On Post-Exercise Heart Rate Variability: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial,
2021
Chatham University
Effects Of Low Dose Caffeine On Post-Exercise Heart Rate Variability: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial, Cagney T. Sargent, Tareq K. Shahbal, Andres E. Carrillo, Tania Amorim, Jason R. Edsall, Emily J. Ryan, Edward J. Ryan
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 15(2): 103-112, 2022. Caffeine may impact post-exercise heart rate variability (HRV); although, studies have yielded inconsistent findings. We examined the effects of low dose caffeine on post-exercise HRV. Healthy, college-aged adults [n = 18; age: 22.1 ± 2.6 years; BMI: 26.9 ± 4.3 kg/m2; estimated maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max): 45.1 ± 8.3 ml∙kg-1∙min-1] participated in a repeated-measures, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. During the experimental trials, participants were fitted with a heart rate monitor and a mouthpiece with a one-way nonrebreathing valve and then rested for 10 min …
Forces At The Feet, Gait Timing, And Trunk Flexion/Extension Excursion While Walking With A Gear Belt Or Gear Vest Load,
2021
California State University San Marcos
Forces At The Feet, Gait Timing, And Trunk Flexion/Extension Excursion While Walking With A Gear Belt Or Gear Vest Load, Shane S. Maher, Laura L. Dill, Jennifer L. Hein, Jeff A. Nessler, Deanna J. Schmidt
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 15(1): 36-44, 2022. Law enforcement personnel often carry gear loads, which have a history of causing low back pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in gait and trunk posture for gear load carried on a gear belt and a gear vest. Twenty-nine participants performed load carriage in three conditions: a no load control trial (C), a symmetrically loaded gear belt (GB), and an anterior-loaded gear vest (ALV). Gear conditions had 9.07 kg of additional mass. Motion capture and insole force sensors were used to collect data while participants walked on …
Alterations In Glycemic Variability, Vascular Health, And Oxidative Stress Following A 12-Week Aerobic Exercise Intervention-A Pilot Study,
2021
Pennington Biomedical Research Center
Alterations In Glycemic Variability, Vascular Health, And Oxidative Stress Following A 12-Week Aerobic Exercise Intervention-A Pilot Study, Joshua R. Sparks, Mark A. Sarzynski, J. Mark Davis, Peter W. Grandjean, Xuewen Wang
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 14(3): 1334-1353, 2021. The state of being overweight or obese leads to an increased risk of development of cardiometabolic disease. Increases in glycemic variability have been associated with greater induction of oxidative stress and declined vascular health, which may be exacerbated by higher weight status and improved through exercise. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a twelve-week aerobic exercise intervention on continuous glucose monitor (CGM) assessed glucose concentrations and glycemic variability, and biomarkers of vascular health and oxidative stress in overweight or obese adults. Eight adults (Age = 48.9 ± …
Acute Changes In Arterial Function Post High-Intensity Lower Extremity Cycling,
2021
University of Southern Indiana
Acute Changes In Arterial Function Post High-Intensity Lower Extremity Cycling, Alyssa Weatherholt, William R. Vanwye, Jeffery L. Short, Alyssa A. Andreis, Guoyuan Huang
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 14(2): 1363-1374, 2021. The purpose of this study was to assess the acute arterial blood flow velocity of the lower extremity (LE) immediately after a bout of high-intensity LE cycling exercise. Twenty-eight healthy males (n = 14) and females (n = 14) aged 20.9 ± 1.7 years participated in this study. All subjects performed a single bout of high-intensity cycling (70% of HRR) for 45 min. The subjects' LE blood flow velocity, heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and oxygen saturation (SpO2) were measured at rest, immediately post-, post-15 min., …
Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Does Not Improve The Six Minutes Walk Test Performance In Chronic Heart Failure Patients: A Randomised Pilot Trial,
2021
University of Quebec in Montreal
Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Does Not Improve The Six Minutes Walk Test Performance In Chronic Heart Failure Patients: A Randomised Pilot Trial, Sarah-Maude Martin, Francois Lalonde, Elise Legault, Paula Ribeiro, Alain Steve Comtois, François Tournoux
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 14(2): 1354-1362, 2021. Cycles of ischemia and reperfusion induced with a pressure cuff on a skeletal muscle, also know as remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC), appears to improve performance in different time-trial events in healthy individuals. Our primary goal was to assess the effect of RIPC in heart failure (HF) patients’ functional capacity using the six-minute walk test (6MWT). A randomized crossover design comparing RIPC (4 x five-minutes of upper arm ischemia) to the SHAM procedure was done in 15 patients prior to a 6MWT. The primary outcome measure was the total distance walked in a …
Ketone Body Metabolism In The Ischemic Heart,
2021
Ursinus College
Ketone Body Metabolism In The Ischemic Heart, Stephen C. Kolwicz Jr.
Health Sciences Faculty Publications
Ketone bodies have been identified as an important, alternative fuel source in heart failure. In addition, the use of ketone bodies as a fuel source has been suggested to be a potential ergogenic aid for endurance exercise performance. These findings have certainly renewed interest in the use of ketogenic diets and exogenous supplementation in an effort to improve overall health and disease. However, given the prevalence of ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarctions, these strategies may not be ideal for individuals with coronary artery disease. Although research studies have clearly defined changes in fatty acid and glucose metabolism during ischemia …
Effects Of Varying Warmup Stimuli On Running Economy,
2021
Stephen F Austin State University
Effects Of Varying Warmup Stimuli On Running Economy, Connor Bigenho
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of two potentiating warm-up stimuli (weighted-vest strides and plyometrics) on running economy (RE) over short (5-10 minutes) and longer durations (30+ minutes) of exercise in trained distance runners. Methods: Five recreationally trained male runners were recruited to participate in this study. Each trial consisted of a 10-min self-paced warm-up on the treadmill followed by baseline RE test and baseline leg-stiffness. This was immediately followed by one of two intervention warmup protocols. The protocols consisted of either a series of plyometric movements, 6 x 10-sec strides with a …
Physiological, Musculoskeletal & Anthropometric Characteristics & Performance Between Competitive & Recreational Surfers: A Scoping Review,
2021
Bond University
Physiological, Musculoskeletal & Anthropometric Characteristics & Performance Between Competitive & Recreational Surfers: A Scoping Review, Harrison Stone, Lucy Douglas, James Furness, Kevin Kemp-Smith, Mike Climstein, Sean Newcomer
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 14(6): 1277-1293, 2021. Surfing is the ability to ride a surfboard along the unbroken section, wall or face of a wave, as it moves closer towards the shore. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the physiological, musculoskeletal and anthropometric characteristics that can differentiate between paddling and wave riding performance in competitive and recreational surfing populations. The eligibility criteria for this scoping review included articles that distinguished between multiple surfing ability groups, identified physiological, musculoskeletal or anthropometric characteristics, were peer reviewed, and directly related to the sport of surfing. The databases …
Impact Of Social Support On The Physical Activity Behaviors Of International College Students In The United States,
2021
Al-Baha University, Saudi Arabia
Impact Of Social Support On The Physical Activity Behaviors Of International College Students In The United States, Mohammed A. Alshehri, Aaron Kruse-Diehr, Justin Tyler Mcdaniel, Julie Partridge, Dawn Christina Null
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 14(5): 1305-1319, 2021. Research has suggested that international students’ transition to the United States is often correlated with less physical activity after arriving in the U.S). One reason might be related to reduced social support when living in a foreign environment. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess the impact of social support on international college students’ physical activity behaviors. Participants (N = 318) from five public universities in one Midwest state completed an electronic survey assessing self-reported physical activity behaviors and perceived social support for exercise (SSE). Data analyses included multiple …
