Exercise Physiology Commons^™

The Effect Of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation On Physical And Cognitive Performance During Load Carriage In Military Cadets, Nicholas C. Bordonie

Masters Theses, 2020-current

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on physical and cognitive performance during exercise conducted under heavy pack load in military cadets. Methods: Ten college-aged males (VO_2max 56.2 ± 3.7 ml/kg/min) consumed 140mL/d of concentrated beetroot juice (BRJ; containing 12.8 mmol of dietary nitrate) or a placebo (PL; flavor, color, energy, and texture-matched with no dietary nitrate) for six days preceding an exercise trial. The trial consisted of 45 min of constant-load exercise on a treadmill at 4.83 km/h and 1.5% grade, followed immediately by a 1.6-km time-trial completed at maximal …

Does A Bout Of Acute Resistance Exercise Attenuate The Post-Prandial Lipemic Response To A High Fat Meal In 50-80 Year-Old Adults, Summer Simulcik

Masters Theses, 2020-current

Background: A single high-fat meal (HFM) is known to elevate blood lipid levels above what is normal, resulting in postprandial lipemia (PPL). Chronic hyperlipemia has been associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) development. Current physical activity (PA) guidelines recommend at least one set of 8-12 repetitions of each exercise to attenuate this risk. Adults older than 50 (OF) years (y) are at an increased risk for cardiometabolic disease compared to younger adults (YA). Aerobic exercise (AE) performed in the pre-prandial period has been observed to attenuate PPL in both OF and YA. However, …

The Effects Of Acute Exercise Intensity On Retrieval-Induced Forgetting, Geoffrey Reliquias

Honors Theses

Previous research has indicated that aspects of cognitive inhibition may be enhanced after engaging in acute exercise. Notably, cognitive inhibition has been theorized as a potential mechanism for a form of active forgetting known as retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF). Given that cognitive inhibition may explain the RIF phenomenon, and is also influenced by exercise, it is plausible that acute exercise may directly influence RIF. To our knowledge, only one study has examined whether acute exercise has an effect on RIF. The findings of that study did not find a statistically significant effect for RIF; however, we believe that the rather small …

Anaerobic Contributions Are Influenced By Active Muscle Mass And The Applied Methodology In Well-Controlled Muscle Group, Gabriel Luches-Pereira, Carlos A. Kalva-Filho, Marcelo Papoti

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(7): 599-615, 2022. The anaerobic metabolism determination is complex and the applied methodologies present limitations. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different calculations (MAOD vs. AOD) on the anaerobic contribution using the dynamic knee extension. Twenty-four male were recruited [Mean (SD); age 27 (1) years, body mass 90 (3) kg, height 181 (2) cm]. This study was divided into two independent experiments (EXP_{1: ­}one-legged; EXP₂: two-legged). In both experiments, it was performed a graded exercise test to determine maximal power (MP-GXT); 2-4 submaximal efforts (VO …

Predictors Of Academic Performance In High School Students: The Longitudinal Asap Study, Marie-Maude Dubuc, Mylene Aubertin-Leheudre, Antony D. Karelis

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(4): 616-631, 2022. Academic performance is influenced by multitude factors. However, little is known about their relative importance and how they evolve over time. The purpose of the present study was to determine the relative importance of cognitive control, physical, psychological and sociological factors as well as lifestyle habits in predicting academic performance in high school students using cross sectional and longitudinal approaches. One hundred and eighty-five grade seventh to ninth students (mean age: 13.1 ± 1.0 years old) from a single high school completed a 3-year prospective study. Academic performance, cognitive control, physical, psychological …

Stimulus Expectancy And Stimulus Response Of Caffeine On 4-Km Running Performance: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled And Crossover Study, Giovanna Rohloff, Diego Souza, Carlos Ruiz-Moreno, Juan Del Coso, Marcos Polito

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(2): 645-654, 2022. The placebo effect of caffeine has been poorly investigated in endurance exercise. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the placebo effect of caffeine on 4 km running performance in amateur runners. Twenty-two healthy and recreational male runners (25.5 ± 8.4 yrs; 75.0 ± 7.1 kg; 173.7 ± 6.3 cm) underwent a deceptive experimental design consisting of three different sessions: a) control (CON) in which participants did not ingest any substance; b) placebo (PLA) in which participants ingested a capsule filled with maltodextrin but they were informed that they would …

Relationship Between Ground Reaction Force Characteristics And Bone Mineral Density Of The Hip And Spine In Male Runners, Michele Leblanc, Allison Burdullis, Marcus Mckinnon, Steven A. Hawkins

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(1): 655-666, 2022. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between running ground reaction force (GRF) characteristics and hip and lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) values in male runners. Individuals who ran at least 48.3 km per week and were injury-free were recruited. Kistler force plates collected running vertical and anteroposterior GRF data. A Hologic Discovery W bone densitometer measured lumbar spine and five regional hip BMD values. Only runners who consistently used a rear foot strike pattern were included (n = 32). Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between BMD …

The Agreement Between A Portable Contact-Mat And Force-Plates During Bilateral Vertical Jumps, Stuart N. Guppy, Yosuke Kotani, Jason P. Lake, Christopher Latella, Jodie Cochrane Wilkie, Kristina L. Kendall, G. Gregory Haff

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(1): 632-644, 2022. Force plates are commonly used when assessing vertical jumping performance but are not always affordable or practical tools for all testing situations. Twenty-four participants volunteered to take part in a study investigating the agreement between bilateral force plates and a new commercially available contact mat that records jump height, flight-time (FT), and FT of individual limbs during both countermovement (CMJ) and squat (SJ) jumps. Each participant performed six jumps of each type while standing on a contact mat placed upon a pair of in-ground force plates. When compared to the force plate …

Ankle Dorsiflexion Range Of Motion, Dynamic Balance, And Static Balance In Division Iii Collegiate Gymnasts, Emily Sabo

Master's Theses

Introduction: Artistic gymnastics is a demanding sport composed of high intensity activities. Decreased range of motion can increase the risk of lower extremity injury due to the inability to disperse forces properly upon landing. Landing from a height demands dynamic balance, which may be influenced by ankle range of motion. Due to the complexity of the sport, identifying potential deficits at the ankle could lead to the development of injury prevention programs. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate if correlations exist between active ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (AROM) and static balance and/or AROM and dynamic balance …

Effects Of Exercise On Parkinson's Symptom Relief, Brooke Burnett

The Eleanor Mann School of Nursing Undergraduate Honors Theses

In this review of twenty research articles, the effects of moderate exercise therapy on the symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease will be explored. Appropriate literature was located using the research question, “In older adults with a Parkinson’s Disease Diagnosis, how does moderate exercise influence the symptoms of this disease?” Twenty peer-reviewed research articles were examined for the impact of different forms of exercise on various symptoms associated with Parkinson’s. Nineteen of the articles reviewed provide substantial evidence in support of exercise therapy as a treatment option for people with Parkinson’s, and one of the articles found inconclusive evidence neither in support …

Examining The Effects Of Oral Contraceptive Use On Thermoregulation, Whitley C. Atkins

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of combined (estradiol and progestin) monophasic oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use on thermoregulation. Further, we sought to evaluate OCP use on acute rehydration post-exercise in the heat using recommended rehydration guidelines. Methods: Twelve healthy, aerobically trained (VO2peak = 47.8 ± 4.7 mL/kg/min), long term female oral contraceptive users completed a familiarization trial and two experimental days separated by ≥ 7 days. The two experimental trials were identical except for the hormone dosing phase. One trial was completed during the third week of active pill dosing (ACT) and one during …

Effects Of A Leucine Supplementation On Mitochondrial Markers In Pre-Cachectic Female Mice, Breanna Williams

Biological Sciences Undergraduate Honors Theses

Cancer cachexia is a wasting syndrome characterized by extreme weight and skeletal muscle loss that results in death in many tumor bearing individuals. Because skeletal muscle requires a high amount of energy to function, skeletal muscle fiber cells need healthy mitochondria to function. When skeletal muscle loss atrophy occurs, the mitochondrial network is degraded. Different treatments for this muscle atrophy are being studied, one of which is a leucine supplementation since leucine has been found to stimulate skeletal muscle growth in other studies. However, current data suggests that a leucine supplementation in cachexic individuals exacerbates this atrophy. PURPOSE: This study …

Implementing An Exercise Referral Scheme For Promoting Physical Activity In University Mental Health Care, Bryce Daniels

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Introduction. Mental health symptoms and conditions are prevalent and increasing on college campuses with anxiety and depression having the highest increases in prevalence. Many college students are also physically inactive which is problematic as physical activity benefits mental health. Exercise referral schemes (ERS) can promote physical activity, though no studies have investigated the implementation of an ERS within a college counseling center. Purpose. The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate the implementation of an ERS for promoting physical activity in university mental health care. Methods. Study 1 used a qualitative descriptive design of 14 certified counselors to explore perceptions …

Associations Of Bone Mineral Density With Lean Mass, Fat Mass, And Physical Activity In Young Overweight And Obese Women - A Feasibility Study, Meghan E. Garvey, Ling Shi, Alice H. Lichtenstein, Aviva Must, Laura L. Hayman, Scott E. Crouter, Sarah M. Camhi

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(7): 585-598, 2022. To examine the associations between bone mineral density (BMD), body composition and habitual physical activity in women who are overweight/obese. We measured whole-body bone, and body composition (lean mass, fat mass, and total fat percent) via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (model General Electric Lunar whole-body scanner) in a diverse group of women (N=48, age 26.6+/-4.7 years, 63% Black) living in an urban setting. The relations between BMD with total fat percent [%]), lean mass (kg), fat mass (kg), and physical activity were examined using Pearson correlations and multiple linear regression models, adjusted for …

The Bigger They Are: Relationships Between Body Height And Mass With The Body Drag Task In Law Enforcement Recruits, Robert G. Lockie, J. Jay Dawes, Robin Marc Orr, Joseph Dulla

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(4): 570-584, 2022. California law enforcement recruits must perform a body drag before they graduate academy. While this task may be challenging for smaller recruits, no research has analyzed height and body mass relationships with the body drag. Data from 643 recruits (542 males, 101 females) who completed the drag in the final weeks of academy were analyzed. The recruits lifted a 74.84-kg, 1.73-m tall dummy and dragged it 9.75 m as quickly as possible. Independent samples t-tests compared the sexes; partial correlations controlling for sex detailed relationships between height and body mass with …

Tri-Set Training System Induces A High Muscle Swelling With Short Time Commitment In Resistance-Trained Subjects: A Cross-Over Study, Julio Benvenutti Bueno De Camargo, Rafael Sakai Zaroni, Antônio Carlos Tavares Júnior, Thiago Pires De Oliveira, Thiago Barbosa Trindade, Charles Ricardo Lopes, Felipe Brigatto

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(3): 561-569, 2022. The purpose of the present study was to assess performance and morphological acute responses to the tri-set (TRI) resistance-training system. In a random order, 18 subjects (years: 30.0 ± 5.6; weight: 81.8 ± 13.4 kg; height: 173 ± 6.2 cm; RT experience: 4.6 ± 1.7 years) performed 3 exercises targeting the pectoralis major muscle in two different experimental conditions: traditional system (TRAD) and TRI. The TRAD protocol referred to the completion of a single exercise set followed by a rest period. For the TRI protocol, one set of each exercise was performed …

Comparison Of Training Load Between Ncaa Diii Tennis Resistance Training, Practices, And Competitions, Lauren Pascadlo

Student Scholar Showcase

Background: There are 7553 NCAA Division III tennis players, who play with less training coordination than elite players. Division III tennis load research is highly underdeveloped with most tennis research focusing on elite players. Additionally, practice training loads must be similar to match training loads so athletes are physically and mentally prepared for competition.

Purpose: To describe the training load in Division III tennis players during strength and conditioning, practices, and competition.

Methods: 7 Male and female division II tennis players attended 2 regularly scheduled practice, competition, and resistance training sessions. Training load was measured as external (GPS data consisting …

Carbonyl Iron Vs Ferrous Sulfate On Blood Iron Markers In Male Division Iii Cross-Country Athletes, Sam Gunter

Student Scholar Showcase

Competitive distance runners are often predisposed to developing iron deficiency. This study aimed to determine if carbonyl iron was more effective at maintaining blood iron markers and minimizing overall fatigue and GI stress than ferrous sulfate. In this randomized, independent groups study, 7 male, division III cross-country athletes were supplemented with either carbonyl iron or ferrous sulfate for 6 weeks. Blood hemoglobin, hematocrit, subjective GI distress, subjective fatigue, and relative exertion of recent training were assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 weeks. Results will be analyzed via a detailed analysis of variance to determine significant differences in outcome measures. Statistical …

Impact Of A Family History Of Hypertension And Physical Activity On Left Ventricular Mass, Evan L. Matthews, Kerry N. Callaghan, Peter A. Hosick, Michael S. Brian

Research Data

A positive family history of hypertension (FHH) (+FHH) is associated with elevated left ventricular mass (LVM). Regular physical activity (PA) may eliminate differences in LVM between +FHH and negative family history of hypertension (-FHH) adults. PURPOSE: To determine if a +FHH is associated with a greater LVM compared to a -FHH group within a sample of young, mostly active healthy adults with and without statistically controlling for PA. METHODS: Healthy young (18-32yrs) participants self-reported FHH status and habitual moderate and vigorous PA frequency. Participants then underwent an echocardiogram. RESULTS: Of the 61 participants, 32 (M=11, W=21; non-active=8) reported -FHH and …

Water Intoxication: Current Developments In Hyponatremia, Allison C. Mosmiller

Student Publications

This paper is a review of recent research on the subject of exercise-associated hyponatremia. Hyponatremia is notoriously difficult to diagnose and to treat due to its general symptoms and required specificity in diagnosis in order to assign appropriate treatment. If left untreated, Hyponatremia can result in the development of complications like cerebral edema, seizures, coma, and sometimes death. The pathogenesis of hyponatremia includes multiple proposed mechanisms, including overconsumption of hypotonic fluids, inappropriate release of antidiuretic hormone, inefficiency of fluid filtration by the kidneys, redirection of fluid into intestinal lumen, and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Signs and symptoms of hyponatremia …