Animal Sciences Commons^™

Wet Distillers Grains Diets Supplemented With Vitamin E Alter The Mineral Composition Of Beef M. Longissimus Lumborum And M. Psoas Major, Lasika S. Senaratne, Chris R. Calkins, Amilton S. De Mello Jr., Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Crossbred yearlings (n = 90) were allotted to one of 10 diets containing 0, 20 or 40% wet distillers grains (WDG) with or without vitamin E supplementation and distillers solubles (DS). Strip loin and tenderloin steaks were obtained and tested for their mineral (Ca, P, K, Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, S, and Na) compositions using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Cattle fed DS diets had higher (P ≤ 0.05) levels of Ca, Fe, P, Mn, and S in strip loins than cattle fed non-DS diets. Feeding DS significantly reduced Mg and Na in tenderloins. Neither WDG nor vitamin E diets significantly …

Intramuscular Tenderness Mapping And Muscle Fiber Directions Of Small Muscles In The Beef Round, Lasika S. Senaratne, Chris R. Calkins, Amilton S. De Mello Jr., Jeremy H. Hinkle, Siroj Pokharel

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

The intramuscular tenderness variation of m. pectineus (PT), m. sartorius (SR), m. gracilis (GL), m. vastus intermedius (VI), and m. vastus medialis (VM) was investigated. The PT, SR, VI, and VM muscles (n=10 each) were grilled as whole muscles, whereas the GL was grilled after cutting into anterior and posterior regions. Grilled muscles were cut into equal size sections perpendicular to the long axis from proximal to distal. Cores were prepared from each section and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) was measured. The overall mean WBSF values for PT, SR, VI, GL, and VM were 8.29, 9.79, 10.54, 10.47, and 9.35 …

Routine Hedging Of Corn Price For Calf-Fed And Yearling Production Systems, Rebecca M. Small, Darrell R. Mark, Terry J. Klopfenstein Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Several corn hedging scenarios involving a combination of cash and futures market transactions were evaluated for calf-fed and yearling production systems. All yearling corn hedging scenarios assessed were effective in only slightly reducing profit risk, while the calf-fed corn hedging scenario actually increased profit risk. Calf-fed and yearling corn hedging scenarios generally generated positive average returns to hedging by lowering net corn prices. The yearling corn hedging scenarios initiated closer to feedlot placement were associated with greater average profits as compared to those hedges initiated when yearlings were initially purchased.

Determinants Of Profit Variability In Calf-Fed And Yearling Production Systems, Rebecca M. Small, Darrell R. Mark, Terry J. Klopfenstein Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Factors that were determinants of profit variability in calf-fed and yearling beef production systems were identified and ranked. The analysis indicated cattle prices have the greatest influence on profit variation for both systems and on all backgrounding and finishing phases of the yearling system. Prices of feedstuffs (i.e., corn prices, wet corn gluten feed prices, and pasture and cornstalk rental rates) were the next most important factors explaining profit risk. Cattle performance variables and interest rates had the smallest impact on profit variation.

Evaluation Of Proternative Stress Formula And Proternative Continuous Fed Formula In A High Energy Feedlot Diet, Sarah J. Vanness, Matt K. Luebbe, Joshua R. Benton Benton, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Justin Sindt

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Cross-bred yearling steers were used in a feeding trial to compare the use of two different direct fed microbials (DFM), ProTernative CF (DFM-CF) and ProTernative SF (DFM-SF). The treatment design was a 2x2 factorial with a control (no DFM), DFM-CF, DFM-SF, and both (CF+SF). Diets consisted of 40% WCGF with high moisture corn with no feed additives other than the DFM treatments. No differences were observed in feedlot performance or carcass characteristics.

Relating Hydrogen Sulfide Levels To Polioencephalomalacia, Sarah J. Vanness, William A. Griffin, Virgil R. Bremer Bremer, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Data from a finishing trial and a metabolism study were used to relate incidence of polioencephalomalacia (polio) with ruminal hydrogen sulfide gas concentration. The finishing trial included different inclusion levels of byproducts with differing alfalfa hay levels. Similar diets were used in the metabolism study. The feedlot trial had 12 cases of polio on a 75% byproduct diet with no alfalfa and no cases of polio when alfalfa was included at 7.5%. The metabolism study reported the highest concentration of H2S with the high byproduct diet with no grass hay, and lower concentrations when grass hay was included. These data …

The Economic Impact Of Feeding Wet Corn Co-Products In Nebraska, Josie A. Waterbury, Darrell R. Mark, Richard K. Perrin Perrin

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Isoquants that illustrate combinations of various inputs to produce a given level of output were estimated for wet corn co-products using UNL cattle feeding trial data and applied to actual producer data. Producer economic benefits from feeding wet co-products compared to corn were calculated. Although the combined producer savings from all three wet co-products totaled nearly $39 million, this value was not net of all cost differences between co-products and corn, including transportation, storage, and handling costs.

Supplementing Dried Distillers Grains To Growing Calves On Smooth Bromegrass Pastures, Andrea K. Watson, Matt K. Luebbe, Terry J. Klopfenstein Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson, Walter H. Schacht

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Steers supplemented daily with dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) on non-fertilized smooth bromegrass pastures gained 1.9 lb/day compared to 1.46 lb/day for cattle on both fertilized and non-fertilized pastures. The fertilized and supplemented treatments were stocked at equal densities, and the non-fertilized pastures were stocked at 69% the density of the other two treatments. At a lower stocking rate, the non-fertilized pastures showed poorer forage production, but equal cattle performance compared to the fertilized pastures. The supplemented pastures showed slightly decreased forage production compared to the fertilized pastures, but at the same time showed increased cattle performance. Each lb …

Statistics Used In The Nebraska Beef Report And Their Purpose

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

The purpose of beef cattle and beef product research at UNL is to provide reference information that represents the various populations (cows, calves, heifers, feeders, carcasses, retail products, etc.) of beef production. Obviously, researchers cannot apply treatments to every member of a population; therefore, they must sample the population. The use of statistics allows researchers and readers of the Nebraska Beef Report the opportunity to evaluate separation of random (chance) occurrences and real biological effects of a treatment. Following is a brief description of the major statistics used in the beef report. For a more detailed description of the expectations …

Wet Distillers Grains Diets Supplemented With Vitamin E Affect Sensory Attributes Of Beef M. Longissimus Lumborum, Lasika S. Senaratne, Chris R. Calkins, Amilton S. De Mello Jr., Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

The effects of feeding 0% or 40% wet distillers grains plus distillers solubles (WDGS) with or without vitamin E (E) supplementation on sensory attributes (tenderness, juiciness, connective tissue content, and off-flavor intensity) of 7-day and 28-day aged beef strip steaks during retail display were investigated by a trained panel. Feeding WDGS or E did not influence tenderness, juiciness, or connective tissue ratings. However, feeding WDGS significantly increased the off-flavor intensity of 7-day aged beef following retail display. Feeding WDGS increased the incidence of livery off-flavor. The protective ability of vitamin E supplementation against livery flavor production was significant in beef …

Shorebird Migration In Western Kentucky: Phenology, Habitat Use, And Possible Effects Of Prey Availability, Nicole Ann Ranalli

Online Theses and Dissertations

Staging areas along the coasts provide reliable food resources and shorebirds may use the same stopover locations every year. However, shorebirds use sites opportunistically in the interior of North America due to the transient nature of many habitats. Little is known, however, about the use of wetlands by migrating shorebirds in Kentucky. During 2004 and 2005, I examined the phenology of migration and habitat use of shorebirds using stopover habitats in Kentucky, and also examined possible relationships between prey availability and habitat selection by migrating shorebirds. To mitigate wetland loss, the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR) constructed …

Collection And Preparation Of Milk Samples For Microbiological Culturing, Jeffrey M. Bewley, Robert J. Harmon, Stephan Locke

Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications

In developing individual farm mastitis control and treatment strategies, it is often necessary to characterize the types of bacteria that are present on your farm. To answer this question, a microbiological analysis, or milk culture, must be performed on milk samples collected from cows showing clinical or subclinical signs of mastitis. Results of the milk cultures will help identify which bacteria are causing the mastitis. In turn, this information can be used to alter mastitis control, prevention, and treatment options to fit your herd’s conditions.

During an investigation of a herd dealing with high somatic cell counts or a high …

Interaction Of Bacillus Species And Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium In Immune Or Inflammatory Signaling From Swine Intestinal Epithelial Cells, C. C. Aperce, Thomas E. Burkey, B. Kukanich, B. A. Crozier-Dodson, S. S. Dritz, J. E. Minton

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Previous research evaluated a laboratory strain of Bacillus licheniformis (BL) in a model swine epithelium and found it exerted antiinflammatory effects on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (Sal)-induced secretion of IL-8. The current investigation evaluated the antiinflammatory actions of Bacillus bacteria available commercially as feed additives for the swine industry. Three isolates were obtained from the product, 2 Bacillus subtilis (BS1 and BS3) and 1 BL (BL2). Swine jejunal epithelial IPEC-J2 cells were seeded into wells on permeable membrane supports and allowed to form confluent monolayers. Treatments included apical pretreatment with BL, BS1, BL2, or BS3 for 17 h without Sal, …

Nitrogen Utilization, Nutrient Digestibility, And Excretion Of Purine Derivatives In Dairy Cattle Consuming Rations Containing Corn Milling Co-Products, A. M. Gehman, Paul J. Kononoff

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objectives of this experiment were to determine the effects of feeding a combination of modified wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) and wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) on nutrient digestion, purine derivative excretion, and N utilization. Multiparous (n = 20) and primiparous (n = 20) cows were arranged in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square with 21-d periods. Animals were fed one of 5 treatment diets during each period: 1) 0% co-products (control); 2) 15% WDGS (15WDGS); 3) 15% WCGF (15WCGF); 4) 7.5% WDGS and 7.5% WCGF (15MIX); and 5) 15% WDGS and 15% WCGF (30MIX; dry matter …

Effects Of Sorting Steers By Body Weight Into Calf-Fed, Summer Yearling, And Fall Yearling Feeding Systems, D. R. Adams, T. J. Klopfenstein, G. E. Erickson, W. A. Griffin, Matt K. Luebbe, Matthew A. Greenquist, J. R. Benton

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two years of data (288 steers/yr) were used to determine if sorting cattle by BW into different production systems would decrease overweight carcasses (>431 kg) and hot carcass weight (HCW) variation. At receiving, steers were assigned randomly into sorted or unsorted groups (n = 144 steers/group). Within a group, steers were assigned to 1 of 3 feeding times: 1) calf-fed (entering the feedlot at receiving), 2) summer yearling (grazed during winter and entering the feedlot in May) and 3) fall yearling (grazed during winter and summer and entering the feedlot in September). Unsorted steers were assigned randomly to a …

Growth, Body Chemical Composition, And Tissue Deposition Rates Of Nursery Pigs Fed Crystalline Or Protein- Bound Lysine, J. J. Colina, P. S. Miller, A. J. Lewis, R. L. Fischer, R. M. Diedrichsen

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A 4-wk experiment was conducted to compare the effect of feeding crystalline lysine relative to the lysine from soybean meal (SBM) on growth performance, body chemical composition, and tissue deposition rates in nursery pigs. Thirty-six pigs were used [18 barrows and 18 gilts, 15 d old; initial BW (mean ± SEM) = 6.11 ± 0.11 kg]. Six pigs (3 barrows and 3 gilts) were killed at the beginning of the experiment and the remaining pigs were killed at the end of the experiment to determine body chemical composition and deposition rates of protein, fat, water, ash, and amino acids. Pigs …

Effects Of Co-Products And Breed Of Sire On The Performance, Carcass Characteristics, And Rates Of Ultrasound Backfat And Marbling Deposition In Feedlot Cattle, C. O. Trejo, D. B. Faulkner, A. Shreck, J. W. Homm, T. G. Nash, S. L. Rodriguez-Zas, L. L. Berger

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Recently, high prices have driven producers to replace corn partially or totally with more affordable ingredients. A total of 1,256 DNA-validated progeny from Angus (n = 241), Simmental (n = 599), Simmental × Angus (SA; n = 296), and 75% Simmental (75S; n = 120) sires were used to evaluate the effects of feedlot nutrition and sire breed on the performance, carcass characteristics, and rates of ultrasound backfat and marbling deposition in feedlot cattle. Diets included corn or a corn co-product: dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), fresh wet distillers grains, wet corn gluten feed, stored wet distillers grains, or …

Detection, Validation, And Downstream Analysis Of Allelic Variation In Gene Expression, Daniel C. Ciobanu, Lu Engle, Khyobeni Mozhui, Xusheng Wang, Manjunatha Jagalur, John A. Morris, William L. Taylor, Klaus Dietz, Perikles Simon, Robert W. Williams

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Common sequence variants within a gene often generate important differences in expression of corresponding mRNAs. This high level of local (allelic) control—or cis modulation—rivals that produced by gene targeting, but expression is titrated finely over a range of levels. We are interested in exploiting this allelic variation to study gene function and downstream consequences of differences in expression dosage. We have used several bioinformatics and molecular approaches to estimate error rates in the discovery of cis modulation and to analyze some of the biological and technical confounds that contribute to the variation in gene expression profiling. Our analysis of SNPs …

Strain Differences In Stress Responsivity Are Associated With Divergent Amygdala Gene Expression And Glutamate-Mediated Neuronal Excitability, Khyobeni Mozhui, Rose-Marie Karlsson, Thomas L. Kash, Jessica Ihne, Maxine Norcross, Sachin Patel, Mollee R. Farrell, Elizabeth E. Hill, Carolyn Graybeal, Kathryn P. Martin, Marguerite Camp, Paul J. Fitzgerald, Daniel C. Ciobanu, Rolf Sprengel, Masayoshi Mishina, Cara L. Wellman, Danny G. Winder, Robert W. Williams, Andrew Holmes

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Stress is a major risk factor for numerous neuropsychiatric diseases. However, susceptibility to stress and the qualitative nature of stress effects on behavior differ markedly among individuals. This is partly because of the moderating influence of genetic factors. Inbred mouse strains provide a relatively stable and restricted range of genetic and environmental variability that is valuable for disentangling gene–stress interactions. Here, we screened a panel of inbred strains for anxiety- and depression-related phenotypes at baseline (trait) and after exposure to repeated restraint. Two strains, DBA/2J and C57BL/6J, differed in trait and restraint-induced anxiety-related

behavior (dark/light exploration, elevated plus maze). Gene …

Srebp Pathway Genes As Candidate Markers In Country Ham Production, Benedicte Renaville, Kimberly L. Glenn, Benny E. Mote, Bin Fan, Kenneth J. Stalder, Max F. Rothschild

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Country hams are dry-cured products from the Southeastern region of the USA. This high value product requires quality fresh meat to avoid later processing problems. The marker SREBF1 is a transcription factor involved in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis and antioxidative enzyme transcription. The SREBF1 gene and its regulators, SCAP and MBTPS1, were investigated for associations with several meat quality traits in country hams. After single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) identification, PCR-RFLP tests were designed for one polymorphism in each of the three investigated genes. Meat quality and physical traits were collected on 299 fresh hams. Significant associations were …