Energy Policy Commons^™

Overview And Impact Of Ashrae Standard 90 -- An Energy Standard For New Buildings, Edward A. Kriege

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This talk is an introduction to ASHRAE Standard 90. It is a brief review of the purpose, history, content and inpact of the document.

Quantification Of Energy Resource Consumption, William J. Coad

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper addresses the fundamental issue of energy conservation in exploring the question - what is to be conserved? Following a brief chronology of the situation leading to the present day concerns regarding the energy intensity of our economy, the role of the engineering community is addressing solutions is discussed. The conclusion developed is that the engineering disciplines must assume the lead in channeling energy conservation efforts toward the salient goal of reducing excessive use of energy resource matter.

The Political Economy Of Opec, Loring Allen

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is a part of the hard reality of the present and future energy position of the U. S. It burst upon the world scene in 1973 in response to long years of shabby treatment by the oil companies and oil-importing countries. Through cooperation in the exercise of their sovereignty over oil deposits, OPEC members have extracted increasing revenues through restricting production and raising price. Although serving its own interests, OPEC benefits also the rest of the world, even though its presence portends a shift in the world balance of power.

Solar Heated Animal Shelters, Joan M. Wood

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Modern day agricultural methods have made todays farmers dependent upon fossil fuels to maintain their productivity. This paper addresses one aspect of the problem -- the heating of animal shelters. In particular, the solar heating of a broiler grow-out house, where temperatures of up to 95°F must be maintained, is discussed.

A detailed analysis of a solar heated broiler grow-out house that has been operating for over a year will be presented. The solar system provided 47% of the heat required to grow 22,000 chickens. The system utilizes a 3,200 ft.2 integrated rock absorption and storage collector. An economic analysis …

Some Financial Implications Of Divestiture Legislation, John Griffith, Jack W. Waldrip

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Those critical of divestiture legislation emphasize both the relative lack of concentration and the advantages of grouping the development of two or more energy materials under the management of one corporate business. Many of these arguments are extremely difficult to evaluate without harder evidence than appears to be available at present. This paper purports to deal with some of the financial and legal consequences of different possible methods of accomplishing divestiture.

Countdown For Energy Research, Development And Demonstration In America, Tom Day

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The energy research business is rapidly developing an appreciation of time elements which indicate that in order for "a system” to compete with the big five prime fuels for the generation of electric energy, 1982 is going to be a critical year whereby RD & D efforts must provide on-line results.

A Small Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Feeding Power Into The Utility Grid, G. C. Thomann, M. Jong, M. H. Snyder

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A small horizontal axis wind turbine, with about a 2 kW power output, was constructed to convert wind energy into AC power to be fed into the utility grid. The machine is intended to model operation of the larger wind generators now being built. The variable pitch rotor is 18 ft in diameter and has a GA(W)-1 blade airfoil. The rotor is fabricated from sitka spruce mounted on a commercial propeller/hub system. Rotor speeds of from 75 to 150 rpm are used in operation. A chain drive and helical gear drive system steps up rotor speed to 1800 - 3600 …

Airfoil Data For Use Of Wind Turbine Designers, Melvin H. Snyder

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper reviews design procedures for wind-axis turbine rotors. An "on-design" routine for rotor blade design is presented as well as an "off-design" performance calculation program. Resulting from this review are analyses of desirable characteristics of airfoil sections and of types of data which rotor designers need. Included in the paper are airfoil characteristics for candidate blade sections including 360 degree data for GA(W)-1 and GA(W)-2 airfoils.

Economics And Net Energy Analysis: Is A New Analytical Technique Needed For Energy Decision Making?, William J. Kruvant

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The paper attempts to evaluate the claims of Net Energy Analysis (NEA) against those of economics in a reasonably comprehensive way. The principal problems of NEA concern system boundaries, aggregation across fuels, valuing external effects, valuing human labor and valuing time. These problems seriously limit the contribution Net Energy Analysis can make to allocation decisions, and allocation Is the central problem of energy policy.

Volunteers In Energy Conservation -- Potential And Problems, Clayton L. Smith

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The social and political implications of the energy crisis, while complex in nature and understanding, seem to urgently proclaim that the time for action is now. This paper is based on the premise that individual responsibility is essential. The people must act. Political decisions must be made. The people must debate what social climates are to be promoted and by what new energy systems. The key to solving the energy crisis is America's people, and particularly with its youth. With people come the potential and of course, the problems. The approach of this paper will be threefold.

An Overview Of Potential Impacts Of Changing Petroleum Energy Prices On Grain Farms, Jean-Paul Chavas, James B. Kliebenstein

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Since the early 1970s world fossil fuel energy prices have risen dramatically. Assuming there is no significant breakthrough in en- ergy technology, the world will see further increases in energy prices. These changes will likely lead to economic adjustments in U. S. agriculture. A firm level linear programming model is used to evaluate what some of these adjustments could be on a Missouri grain farm. To obtain expected energy price affects on production mixes, energy prices are changed parametrically. Potential crop adjustments are from corn to single-crop soybeans to wheat as energy prices increase. Fertilization adjustments are from chemical to …

The Impact Of Changing Net Returns On Minimum Energy Requirements For Grain Farms, James B. Kliebenstein, Robert M. Finley, Douglas C. Farthing

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

With sources of energy more restricted and higher priced, optimal combinations of enterprises must logically be considered on the basis of energy efficiency. One method of ascertaining this efficiency is to optimize solutions for given levels of income on the basis of energy used (e.g., the objective function was in terms of energy kilocalories). In general, soybeans were most feasible at lower levels of income regardless of farm size and labor circumstance. As income levels increased, double-cropping (wheat soybeans) was first substituted and finally corn at highest income levels.

Low Head Power Generation With Bulb Turbines, J. L. Carson, R. S. Samuelson

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Because of uncertainties, delays, and high costs associated with alternative electric energy sources, many agencies responsible for generation of electrical power are investigating means of replacing or supplementing their existing hydroelectric facilities. In the head range between 10 and 60 feet, the bulb-type generating unit, in which the generator is enclosed in a metal capsule within the water passage, has many advantages, including higher efficiency and lower cost, over other types of turbines. Two of the municipalities in the United States which have recently conducted feasibility studies for installing bulb turbines in their systems are the City of Idaho Falls, …

Large And Small Applications Of Energy Farming, Oliver C. Sitton, E. A. Kobylinski, J. L. Gaddy

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The collection of solar energy by photosynthesis and the subsequent conversion of crop matter to natural gas can be practiced in farm scale applications or very large installations. This paper discusses the design and economics of these systems.

Attitudes Towards Quality In The Design And Construction Of Nuclear Power Plants, Daniel L. Babcock, Larry G. Harmon

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Adequate regulation of construction (and operation) of nuclear power plants has become a matter of growing national concern. Published statements by individuals speaking from two viewpoints, those of the regulatory agencies and the nuclear power industry, suggest divergent attitudes. Nineteen statements from these two points of view were evaluated for agreement or disagreement by 38 knowledgeable persons from both industry and government (of 50 solicited in a mail survey). Survey results showed a general appreciation of the need for some level of regulation and also for the possibility of over-regulation. Differences existed within as well as between the two groups, …

Improving Energy Efficiency By Federal Regulation, Barry Hyman, Burns E. Hegler

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper examines the scope and nature of federal activities devoted to improving the efficiency of energy utilization in buildings, consumer products, motor vehicles, and industrial processes and equipment. Several forms of regulation are identified and their characteristics are explored. It is postulated that consistency of an overall policy of energy efficiency regulation can be ascertained from the examination of a regulatory policy matrix.

Heat Recovery Devices For Building Hvac Systems, Ronald H. Howell, Harry J. Sauer Jr.

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The opportunities and advantages of air-to-air heat recovery are described. The five basic types (rotary regenerative, coil loop run around, open run-around, heat pipe, and plate type) are described and their typical performance is presented. The potential savings in operating costs as well as initial equipment costs for common applications are presented.

The Operator’S Guide For Minimizing Energy Costs, Charles Dare, Frank A. Gerig

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The consumption of petroleum by transportation activities is increasing despite the finite limits on its supply. This paper concentrates on the motor vehicle driver, his driving habits, and guides to reduced fuel consumption which would enable the individual to curtail wasteful practices with respect to vehicle operation.

Reducing Electrical Power Demand For Industries, Burns E. Hegler, J. Byron Nelson, Rene O. Harrell

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A typical industry has an electric power demand that is in excess of its needs. This condition places an unnecessary burden upon the industry and contributes to the current energy crisis. Reduction of demand may be accomplished by a number of methods of control that are examined and evaluated. Standard techniques of engineering analyses and engineering economy have been used to study and analyze an industry selected as an example.

The National Program For Solar Energy, Keith Davidson, Richard J. Gariboldi, John J. Purcell

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

On October 26, 1974, the Solar Energy Research Development and Demonstration Act was signed into law authorizing a vigorous federal program of research development and demonstration to establish solar energy as a viable energy resource. Solar heating and cooling of buildings represents a midterm help in an attempt to be less dependent on oil and natural gas. Many other solar programs are underway in the development of solar energy.

A Systems Study Of Our Energy Problems, S. C. Lee

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The diminishing supply of petroleum and natural gas has induced many concerned citizens as well as many interest groups to study energy problems. Based on different sources of information and various degrees of economical consideration, conflicting conclusions have been reached. To help resolve this situation, a systems study was conducted. The available statistics on the supply and demand of energy were examined. The resources of nuclear energy, fossil fuel, and renewable energy sources were analyzed. Considerations were weighted equally on energy content, resource availability, existing technology, and consumer economics as well as on the impact of ecology and sociology. The …

Comparison Of Nuclear And Coal Power Plants Using Net Energy Analysis, Nicholas Tsoulfanidis, Gazendra Suwal

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Net Energy Analysis has been used to compare coal and nuclear power plants. Net Energy Analysis is a method by which a system is studied in terms of the energy needed to construct and operate every unit or item associated with that system, its effects to the environment and the energy produced by the system. The results of the comparison are expressed as the ratio of the total energy output divided by the total energy input.

Volume 1, Number 3 (October 1977), The Otec Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

Volume 1, Number 2 (September 1977), The Otec Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

Estimating Hourly Solar Radiation For One-Axis Tracking Focusing Collectors, Carl E. Bingham, David M. Posner, Jerry O. Bradley

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Performance simulations of focusing parabolic collectors are hampered by a limited amount of useful insolation data. Hourly values of total radiation on a horizontal surface are the most common data available from the National Oceanographic & Atmospheric Administration. This paper develops a method to convert this total horizontal radiation to direct radiation on the surface of the tracking collector.

Energy Conservation In Ammonia Production, Yash P. Gupta, Donald B. Wilson

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The Federal Energy Administration currently is considering energy conservation goals for the industry. This paper presents methods for chemical/petroleum industry to conserve energy. Ammonia Production is used as an example.

Plutonium Assessment Modeling -- Government Policy, Non-Proliferation, And The Government Fence, Harold A. Kurstedt Jr., Joel A. Nachlas

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Assessment modeling for the evaluation of plutonium as an energy resource is stressed, and generic mathematical model forms are outlined. Representative necessary objective functions are developed. Constraints and assumptions are listed. An example involving present-day light water reactor technology is demonstrated. Technical, environmental, and political implications are drawn. Specific new directions for analysis are suggested. The position of the boundary of government control and responsibility -- the government exclusion fence -- is shown to be a critical, but overlooked, constraint. Existing governmental uranium stockpiles may be an unmentioned, though important, constraint.

Energy And National Security, William A. Myers Iii

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

On April 18 of this year, the President of the United States made a television address to the American people on the subject of energy. It was a somber talk. He described the energy situation facing this nation as "the greatest challenge that our country will face during our lifetimes" with the exception of preventing war. He went on to say that our efforts to deal with the energy crisis must be the "moral equivalent of war", and that the alternative to those efforts "may be a national catastrophe."

President Carter's talk was not the first Presidential energy message. There …

The Impact Of Regulation Upon The Oil And Gas Industries, Lee Carter

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

It is paradoxical that the oil and gas industries both ask for and resist the idea of regulation. Historic examples are given of how and why this is so. Since the Arab oil crisis of 1973, new and onerous rules for domestic producers have been introduced, first by improvization and more recently by a national energy plan. Both the good and bad features of the 1977 national energy plan are reviewed to generate words of commendation and words of warning about its effect on the oil and gas industries.

Energy Conservation -- Statewide Efforts In Oklahoma, Wayne C. Turner, Joe H. Mize, Richard G. Hill

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Most states have recently exerted considerable effort toward designing comprehensive energy conservation plans. This paper describes Oklahoma's experience and the resulting plans. The State Energy Conservation Plan (SECP), Supplemental State Energy Conservation Plan (SSECP), and Energy Extension Service Plan (EES) are emphasized. Other state wide programs are discussed.