Energy Policy Commons^™

Energy Recovery From Organic Residues By Fluidized-Bed Combustion, V. F. Batson, L. G. Gale, W. L. Hurt, J. W. Stallings, C. M. Young

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The merits and drawbacks of energy recovery from organic residues by means of fluidized-bed combustion are discussed. A series of analytical laboratory tests are suggested as a means of analyzing potential fuels for combustion. Finally, a number of potential fuels are described, along with problems which may be encountered in the commercial application of energy recovery from the sample fuels.

The Role Of The Energy Audit In Reducing Building Energy Consumption, William T. Snyder, Frederick W. Symonds, Richard J. Jendrucko

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The application of the energy audit process to the reduction of energy consumption in buildings is described. A methodology for selecting from an inventory of buildings those buildings which are candidates for a detailed energy audit is presented, and the analysis of energy consumption and cost savings resulting from implementation of energy conservation opportunities (ECO's) is detailed. A practical payback period formula is presented which includes escalating energy costs. The audit and analysis procedures are illustrated by two case studies.

The Role Of The Energy Manager, Charles E. Dorgan

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper sets forth the general responsibilities of the energy manager. The role the energy manager plays in making an energy management program successful is the main emphasis. Several lists have been developed to illustrate the diverse role of the energy manager.

Burning Wood As A Supplement To Solid Waste, Andrew R. Banta, William P. Smith

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The University of Kansas at Lawrence uses natural gas and oil to generate steam for heating and other campus needs. The projected price increase of these fuels has led to a study of burning solid waste and wood. This study discusses the technical and economic considerations of burning wood. Topics included are sources and availability, collection and transportation, preparation and burning, and environmental effects. It is concluded that sufficient wood is available; truck transport is the only feasible option; drying some wood is desirable; and that the burning can be done separately or directly with the solid waste.

An Analysis Of Investments In Residential Energy Conservation In Southeast Missouri, Ralph Gunderson

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This study examines the economic feasibility of residential solar heating. Climatic and economic variables used in this report represent those of Cape Girardeau, Missouri. An annual cost model is used to determine the conditions under which solar heating achieves a reduced annual cost of heating relative to gas and electric heating systems.

Combining Solar Heating With A Wood Burning Furnace, Kenneth Bechtold, William E. Stewart Jr.

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The objective is to minimize the use of high-cost heating fuels in rural areas with the assistance of a wood burning furnace and a solar collector.

It was discovered that when the output of a wood burning furnace can be diverted into a solar storage battery, more useful heat can be supplied to a house with little extra inconvenience to the homeowner. The total amortized system of the wood burning furnace combined with the solar system will be less than if the systems were operated independently.

Energy Evaluation And Component Characterization Data In A Residential Solar Monitoring Program, Gene E. Kouba, William P. Moran, Bruce V. Ketcham

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The initial phase of performance analysis, data acquisition system development and short term component characterization of a two year residential solar energy monitoring program are presented. The purpose of the monitoring program is to accumulate both short and long term performance data which would be useful in optimizing system operation, determining possible improvements to the system configuration, validating simulation methods for predicting performance, and estimating the economics of the system.

Industrial Energy Conservation Through Boiler Operation Efficiency Improvement, Dupree Maples, G. D. Whitehouse

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A method of determining the minimum amount of oxygen in the flue gas which results in the most efficient combustion is discussed. Results of field test are presented. The magnitude of the stack gas losses is dependent on the stack gas composition determined by the fuel and quantity of excess air and the stack temperature.

Luncheon Speaker -- Future Energy Needs: Myths Vs. Reality, Margaret N. Maxey

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

It is self-evident that energy is that kind of power which generates and sustains a vital, dynamic, complex, industrial, social organism. Considered in and of itself, "energy" is not the kind of power we commonly call "political!' But in less than a decade, we have seen how rapidly and easily "energy" has been turned into an instrument for generating and sustaining a form of political power as pervasive and far reaching in its vital effects as energy itself. Those in an officially-sanctioned position to devise, impose and enforce an "energy policy" for a nation or a globe of humankind. As …

Carrying Water To Newcastle, Lloyd Lore Wartes

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Western coals, now being shipped by unit trains to eastern and southern markets, contain from 13% to 32% moisture. Drying of these coals at the mine would reduce the cost of coal to the utilities from 10% to 16% IF the railroads do not materially increase rates on higher BTU coal.

The spontaneous combustion of dry coal can be inhibited, and the savings per unit train should range from $1,375,000 to $4,129,000 per year according to the various minimum tonnage rates. The shipment of dried coal will reduce the tonnages being shipped by 15%, or increase the railroad carrying capacity …

A Solar-Cooling Pool Assisted Heat Pump System, Walter J. Schaetzle

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A swimming pool is used in parallel with a water-source heat pump for both cooling and heating. For cooling, the pool is used as a spray pond (cooling tower); and for heating, the pool is used as a solar collector, and thermal energy storage. Both theoretical studies and experimental work have been done on this system. A full scale system is almost complete and has been used during the summer for cooling. Economically, on both an operating basis and a capital basis, the system appears feasible.

Oil Shale Energy And The Environment, Stephen Utter

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Shale oil can be produced from oil shale by true In situ, modified in situ, and surface retorting methods. Both modified in situ and surface methods require mining of the oil shale. The environmental Implications of an oil shale mining industry are reviewed and the impacts upon land use, air and water quality, and ecological systems discussed. The Bureau's mining environmental research program is described and the results to date summarized.

Industrial Energy Conservation: In-Plant Recirculation Of Cleaned Exhaust Air, Richard L. Shelton

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The concept of recirculation as a means of energy conservation and reducing initial investment costs has received increased attention in the technical literature in recent years. This paper will demonstrate the energy savings potential for recirculation systems and will present industrial hygiene measurements to document the performance of an actual system operating in an industrial environment. Operating experience has shown that the dual goals of industrial hygiene and energy conservation are not easily achieved.

The Impact Of Public Transportation Policy To Affect Energy Conservation (A Case Study), Ali A. Selim, John T. Kretzer, Braja M. Das

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

In order that public transportation policies relating to energy conservation might be identified, correlated, and assessed, a mail survey of local, regional, state, and federal appointed and elected officials was made. This survey also included contacting members of the regional business community. Although the responses received did not constitute the complete survey mailing, they did provide insight to the individual policymaker's perception of what public policy is now in effect and how it was enacted, particularly those pertinent to energy conservation in the transportation sector.

Effective Use Of Bottom Ash As A Geotechnical Material, Braja M. Das, Ali A. Selim, Tom W. Pfeifle

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Some geotechnical properties of bottom ash produced from the burning of North Dakota lignite in a power plant are presented. These properties include grain size distribution, maximum and minimum void ratios, maximum dry density of compaction and optimum moisture content from standard Proctor tests, angle of friction, one-dimensional compressibility, and coefficient of permeability. The geotechnical properties of this bottom ash, as determined from laboratory tests, appear to be comparable to those generally obtained from poorly graded sands and indicate that bottom ash can be used for such works as backfill of retaining structures, construction of highway embankments, and fill material …

Energy Conservation On Forklift Truck Operations, Robert C. Weber, Paul Gies, James Seifert

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A two-fold study of wind energy in an industrial application is presented in this paper. The first phase of the study concerned the possibility of using wind energy to supply power for electric forklift trucks. The second phase related the feasibility of propane power versus electric power in forklift truck operations.

Energy Aspects Of Rural School Bus Transportation, Kirk R. Hastain, Frank A. Gerig

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

In an effort to determine the effect of rural school bus transportation on energy consumption, a study was made of a rural school district in Central Missouri. The school district's bus system was studied, records of fuel and maintenance costs were analyzed, and discussion held with supervisor and bus drivers. An effort was made to recommend ways by which energy could be conserved, without jeopardizing the welfare of the students.

Multimodal Analysis Of The Western Coal Transportation System, Kenneth Ebeling, Kam Li

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Points raised in the coal slurry pipeline issue imply a need for an analysis of the multimodal alternatives within the context of the existing western transportation system. In reporting the initial results of the first study of its kind, this paper includes a brief description of the data base and computer routines used to construct a base case and ideal case senerios of the western coal transportation issues.

New Concept In Louver Blade Design Reduces Energy Losses, Peggy Kitchen, R. David Moore

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A new louver blade design, developed through extensive wind tunnel tests, employs an airfoil shape with excellent aerodynamic characteristics. Stressed-skin construction adds strength and rigidity permitting the use of longer blades and the elimination of unnecessary frame sections. Lever arms and linkage rods are placed out of the airstream, further reducing resistance to airflow. Louvers and dampers employing this design will have a pressure drop of from 1/4 to 1/10 that of units of traditional design.

Transporting Coal In Containers Through Pipeline -- A Feasibility Study, Henry Liu

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A preliminary assessment of the feasibility of transporting coal in containers suspended in water moving through pipes - the concept of hydraulic capsule (container) pipelining (HCP) - is presented. The assessment includes technical (engineering), environmental, social and economic considerations. A tentative conclusion reached is that HCP transportation of coal is technically feasible (although it needs further research and development works), socially and environmentally beneficial, and economically justifiable in a number of situations.

An Architectural Application For Fchart (Solar Feasibility In The Midwest), Rodney Wright, Larry Dieckmann

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Examination of climatic conditions in the twelve Midwestern states of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin reveals that this region receives from 50% to 70% of the possible annual total hours of sunshine.

Degree day heating requirements range from 4,000DD to over 10,000DD per year. In the northern tier of states, some areas require heat at some time in each month.

The FCHART Method for Solar Heating Design, developed at the Solar Energy Laboratory at the University of Wisconsin, is a method for making a computer study of solar capability for …

Fuel Gas From Wood Waste, V. K. Mathur, R. A. Caughey

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Design, construction and operation of a new type of gasifier for the production of fuel gas from wood waste (sawdust, chips, bark, etc.) are discussed. Data obtained from pilot plants are presented. The gasifier is inexpensive, easy to operate and has about 95% efficiency.

Banquet Speaker: Energy -- What We Must Do, Peter Van Nort

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

You have heard for the last two days and will hear tomorrow relative to energy what people are planning, what is being researched, what is proposed, what is possible, what is being tested, etc. I would like to tell you what each of us must do relative to energy. I hope you will excuse me for being presumptuous….

The message might better be called a plea -- a plea from one person committed to the great- ness of this country and more importantly, committed to its survival in its present form….

We are in a crisis….Never before have we run …

Principles Of Design Of A Solar Heated House, Alex Stefanovic, Chaman Kashkari

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper explains the principles of design of a solar heating system for a house in Akron, Ohio area. The house is a standard one family, two story house, such as Ryan Home's Brockington model. It has, approximately, 2,000 square feet of living area, a full basement, and an attached two car garage. The solar heating system is designed to provide as much of the heating needs as is economically feasible.

Heat Recovery System For Glass Melting Furnace, Milton J. Murry

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The installation and operating of a 100 ton per day glass melting furnace by Flat River Glass Company to make specialty bottles provided an excellent opportunity for recovery of waste heat. The furnace operates at 2300°F, and four feeders to bottle making machines operate at 2100“F. The 120,000 s.f. packaging area is next to the furnace bay, and it is heated solely by reclaimed heat from the melting furnace bay.

There are two systems that are used to transfer this waste heat from the furnace area to the packaging area. The first of these systems is a water loop. Water …

Possibilities Of Combined Heat Recovery And Air Pollution Control Systems, V. Frank Mach

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Combined heat recovery with air pollution control is applicable on many industrial high temperature emissions. Some methods are discussed in this paper. Two examples illustrate that such a combination offers benefit in both energy conservation and less costly protection of the environment.

An Analysis Of Solar Heating Costs In Arkansas Broiler Houses, Ralph Gunderson, J. Martin Redfern

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This study is based on the computer simulation model of a solar heated broiler house in four locations in Arkansas. This simulation model estimated the annual energy savings in each broiler house due to the installation of a solar heating system. This paper uses present value analysis to estimate the life cycle costs of heating conventional and solar heated broiler houses in the state of Arkansas. From these calculations, the number of years required to achieve a break-even cost of heating is estimated.

Waste Heat Recovery In Oklahoma Industry, W. C. Turner, R. E. Webb, J. M. Phillips

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

There is presently a great deal of interest in renewable source or "free" energy. The U. S. Department of Energy recognizes waste heat as one of these renewable sources and much effort is being exercised to fully utilize waste heat capabilities.

Industry in Oklahoma has recognized the wealth of potential in waste heat recovery and has completed numerous projects in the area. This paper summarizes the major Oklahoma industrial waste heat projects. For each project, the objectives, results, and suggestions are given. Particular emphasis is given on cost effectiveness, evaluation and application to other industries.

Included in the study among …

Reducing Heat Losses With Ceramic Fiber, Ronald E. Domst

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A series of case histories describing how various industries have conserved energy by using ceramic fiber. In addition to the energy savings, other advantages are achieved, such as better working conditions and increased production. Documented figures obtained by these companies indicate the percentage or dollar value saved.

Electric Thermal, High Temperature Storage Heater Design Procedures, D. Bowman, R. S. Ramshaw, S. Stricker

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

From developed design procedures a number of electric, thermal storage unit configurations are compared. The comparison is based on specifications of low volume, high energy capacity and high power output suitable for residences in North America.