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Articles 2431 - 2460 of 6504

Full-Text Articles in Defense and Security Studies

The Uxo Sector In Laos, Titus Peachey Jul 2016

The Uxo Sector In Laos, Titus Peachey

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Nearly fifty years after the nine-year Secret War (1964–1973), Laos is the scene of a US$35–$40 million annual enterprise, employing more than 3,000 workers who, with assistance from governments and nongovernmental organizations (NGO) around the world, are engaged in unexploded ordnance (UXO) clearance, victim assistance and mine risk education (MRE). The 2.2 million tons of bombs included an estimated 270 million cluster munitions, many of which failed to detonate on impact and created a lethal landscape to which villagers returned after the war. The inevitable post-war casualties now number more than 20,000. A high percentage of victims over the past …


From The Director - Issue 20.2, Ken Rutherford Jul 2016

From The Director - Issue 20.2, Ken Rutherford

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

From the Director - Issue 20.2


Explosive Remnants Of War: A Deadly Threat To Refugees, Ken Rutherford, Andrew Cooney Jul 2016

Explosive Remnants Of War: A Deadly Threat To Refugees, Ken Rutherford, Andrew Cooney

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

The deadly legacy of explosive remnants of war (ERW), including landmines, improvised explosive devices (IED) and unexploded ordnance (UXO) is increasingly a threat to refugee populations, economic migrants and internally displaced persons (IDP) in countries throughout Africa, Europe, the Middle East and Southeast Asia.


Finding Legacy Minefields In The Jordan Valley, Jamal Odibat Jul 2016

Finding Legacy Minefields In The Jordan Valley, Jamal Odibat

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Due to the many difficulties in accurately determining the location of legacy minefields, demining personnel need traditional and sometimes improvised methods for locating and verifying contamination. With a unique combination of terrain, vegetation, water resources and soil types, the Jordan Valley requires specialized minefield survey and clearance methods to avoid harming the environment.


Maximizing The Effectiveness Of Mobile Technology, Howard Rudat Jul 2016

Maximizing The Effectiveness Of Mobile Technology, Howard Rudat

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Mobile technology has transformed the way we live our lives and has the potential to dramatically assist in demining. However, commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) systems coupled with explosive remnants of war (ERW) related applications leave capability gaps and create potential risks that must be closed. A more tailored and deliberate ecosystem approach when employing mobile technology will yield greater benefits and avoid the problems encountered when Alexa, Cortana, Google Now or Siri do not provide the necessary information. It seems that at the times when you need information the most, the smart personal assistants provided by Google, Apple and Microsoft either …


Flail Technology In Demining, Ashish Juneja Jul 2016

Flail Technology In Demining, Ashish Juneja

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

With the use of rollers, tillers and chain flails, the focus of minefield clearance has shifted since the early 1980’s from military to humanitarian demining. These machines can clear 200–300 mm of soil depending on the speed of the vehicle and its configuration, the soil type and the terrain. Unfortunately, heavy machines are difficult to operate at these slow speeds unless large amounts of power are available to run and rotate the flails. Moreover, recent literature cites the use of modern technology in demining (e.g., infrared imaging, ground penetration radar, thermal neutron activation and X-ray tomography). Mechanical machines, however, are …


Endnotes Issue 20.2, Cisr Jmu Jul 2016

Endnotes Issue 20.2, Cisr Jmu

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Endnotes Issue 20.2


From The Field: Mobile Technologies For Mine Action, Torsten Vikstrom Jul 2016

From The Field: Mobile Technologies For Mine Action, Torsten Vikstrom

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Breakthroughs in technology development transformed desktop computers into small, powerful mobile units equipped with intelligent software and extensive possibilities to connect and interact. Alternatively, the world of mine action still depends on manual work done with pen and paper, and the process of field data collection is especially exposed. However, field tests show that the use of mobile technology vastly improves safety and increases the effectiveness of field work. Adapting to new mobile technologies for field data collection will also positively affect the ways in which we gather, share, analyze, monitor and evaluate information.


Armed Violence Reduction In Central Mali: A Community-Based Approach, Sonia Pezier, Jean-Denis Larsen Jul 2016

Armed Violence Reduction In Central Mali: A Community-Based Approach, Sonia Pezier, Jean-Denis Larsen

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

According to the Small Arms Survey, around 526,000 persons are killed every year as a result of armed violence, and many more sustain injuries requiring medical and rehabilitative care that severely impacts their lives. In West Africa, the propagation of small arms and light weapons (SA/LW) escalates armed conflicts and affects the security and the stability of the entire Sahel region.


Investigation Of Carbon Nanomaterials Embedded In A Cementitious Matrix, Clarissa A. Roe Jul 2016

Investigation Of Carbon Nanomaterials Embedded In A Cementitious Matrix, Clarissa A. Roe

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The objective of this thesis was to investigate whether the addition of carbon nanofibers had an effect on the splitting tensile strength of Hydro-Stone gypsum concrete. The carbon nanofibers used were single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT), buckminsterfullerene (C60), and graphene oxide (GO). Evidence of the nanofibers interacting with gypsum crystals in a connective manner was identified in both 1 mm thick concrete discs and concrete columns possessing a height of 2 in and a diameter of 1 in. Before imaging, the columns were subjected to a splitting tensile strength test. The results illustrate that while there is a general decrease in …


Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems: The Case For International Prohibition, Kenneth Brandon Turner Jul 2016

Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems: The Case For International Prohibition, Kenneth Brandon Turner

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

In October of 2001, an American unmanned aerial vehicle was credited with the first 'kill' by a drone strike, setting off an enduring debate on the role of unmanned systems in warfare. Over a decade later, the number and capability of unmanned systems have grown and are rapidly expanding in use worldwide, the proliferation of weaponized ‘drones' now extending to non-state actors as well as nation-states. This thesis examines the current and future state of lethal autonomous weapons systems (LAWS) and the argument that the development and deployment of LAWS should be subject to an international prohibition until the facets …


Wartime Construction Project Outcomes As A Function Of Contract Type, Ryan M. Hoff, Gregory D. Hammond, Peter P. Feng, Edward D. White Jul 2016

Wartime Construction Project Outcomes As A Function Of Contract Type, Ryan M. Hoff, Gregory D. Hammond, Peter P. Feng, Edward D. White

Faculty Publications

The United States has spent more than $23 billion on construction in Afghanistan since 2001. The dynamic security situation created substantial project uncertainty, and many construction projects used cost-plus-fixed-fee contracts (CPFF) instead of the firm-fixed-price (FFP) norm. Using a dataset of 25 wartime construction projects managed by the Air Force Civil Engineer Center, the authors sought to confirm that both contract types yield project outcomes consistent with the established literature. As expected, they found CPFF contracts had greater cost and schedule growth than FFP. However, they did not find differences regarding as-built quality. Additionally, the authors sought to determine whether …


Strategic Insights: Un-"Steady" State Operations: Redefining The Approach To Phase Zero In A Complex World, Thomas R. Matelski Jun 2016

Strategic Insights: Un-"Steady" State Operations: Redefining The Approach To Phase Zero In A Complex World, Thomas R. Matelski

Articles & Editorials

No abstract provided.


Strategic Insights: Strategic Implications Of Brexit, John R. Deni Jun 2016

Strategic Insights: Strategic Implications Of Brexit, John R. Deni

Articles & Editorials

No abstract provided.


Geopolitical Implications Of The Sino-Japanese East China Sea Dispute For The U.S., Bert Chapman Jun 2016

Geopolitical Implications Of The Sino-Japanese East China Sea Dispute For The U.S., Bert Chapman

Libraries Faculty and Staff Scholarship and Research

Much analysis on Asian strategic challenges facing the U.S. has justifiably emphasized the South China Sea (SCS). This has also been reflected in 2016 presidential campaign debate on the SCS as an emerging area of U.S. foreign and national security policy concern. The East China Sea (ECS) is at least as important for the strategic interests of the U.S. and its allies given the tension between China and Japan over the Senkaku/Diaoyu islands, potential energy resources in this body of water, increasing defense spending by adjacent geographic powers, the area’s importance as a maritime international trade route, and the possibility …


Global Threats And Strategic Assessments: Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigade An Evolving Terrorism Force, Kaydee Penn Jun 2016

Global Threats And Strategic Assessments: Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigade An Evolving Terrorism Force, Kaydee Penn

Student Works

The purpose of this report is to present a Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) designated by the Secretary of State that poses as a threat to U.S. national interests. This report contains an analysis of current research on the Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigade's past, present, and foreseeable status. An investigation into AAMB's past attacks is imminent to thwarting future attacks. This report will provide a method of analysis to identify gaps and trends in Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigade's past attacks. The findings from the analysis will pave the way for further research to benefit national security.


Headhunting: Evaluating The Disruptive Capacity Of Leadership Decapitation On Terrorist Organizations, Ted Clemens Iv Jun 2016

Headhunting: Evaluating The Disruptive Capacity Of Leadership Decapitation On Terrorist Organizations, Ted Clemens Iv

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Leadership decapitation -- the practice of removing a leader from a position of authority through targeted killing (i.e. assassination) or arrest -- has long been a feature of counter-terrorism and counter-insurgency strategies the world over. Still, how effective is the practice of leadership decapitation in actually bringing a halt to, or even impeding, terrorist activity? Can removing top leaders of terrorist enclaves from power disrupt their groups to the point of organizational degradation or dissolution? And lastly, because no two terrorist groups are the same; when a terrorist group experiences leadership loss, how can the group be expected to react? …


A Guide To Survey And Clearance Of Underwater Explosive Ordnance, Gichd Jun 2016

A Guide To Survey And Clearance Of Underwater Explosive Ordnance, Gichd

Global CWD Repository

This guide focuses on providing a collection of current policy and best practices used in survey and clearance of underwater explosive ordnance. Specific cases are used; they provide examples and analysis. It is not intended to be a comprehensive database of policies and practices; it provides national authorities and mine action organisations with guidance to better understand the issues and complexities of underwater EO survey and clearance operations.


Russian Special Operations Forces In Crimea And Donbas, Tor Bukkvoll Jun 2016

Russian Special Operations Forces In Crimea And Donbas, Tor Bukkvoll

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.


Prospects For Peace: The View From Beijing, Jacqueline N. Deal Jun 2016

Prospects For Peace: The View From Beijing, Jacqueline N. Deal

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.


Capturing The Character Of Future War, Paul R. Norwood, Benjamin M. Jensen, Justin Barnes Jun 2016

Capturing The Character Of Future War, Paul R. Norwood, Benjamin M. Jensen, Justin Barnes

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.


Book Reviews, Usawc Press Jun 2016

Book Reviews, Usawc Press

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.


Mine Detection Rats | Apopo: Efficiency And Effectiveness Study Using Mdr Capability, Gichd, Anti-Persoonsmijnen Ontmijnende Product Ontwikkeling Jun 2016

Mine Detection Rats | Apopo: Efficiency And Effectiveness Study Using Mdr Capability, Gichd, Anti-Persoonsmijnen Ontmijnende Product Ontwikkeling

Global CWD Repository

As the laboratory rat is one of the most widely studied animals, the abundance of available research material on its olfactory capabilities is not surprising. However, very little information can be found on their mine/ERW detection abilities. Consequently, in late 2015, GICHD conducted a study of APOPO’s Mine Detection Rat (MDR) programs in Angola, Mozambique and Cambodia. The aim of the study was to focus on the operational efficiency and effectiveness of the MDR, as well as to determine compliance with the International Mine Action Standards (IMAS). Within the sector, MDR suffer from a negative perception of scent detection as …


From The Editor, Antulio J. Echevarria Ii Jun 2016

From The Editor, Antulio J. Echevarria Ii

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.


Why Russia Is Reviving Its Conventional Military Power, Bettina Renz Jun 2016

Why Russia Is Reviving Its Conventional Military Power, Bettina Renz

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.


China, India, And War Over Water, Jin H. Pak Jun 2016

China, India, And War Over Water, Jin H. Pak

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.


The "Practice" Problem: Peacebuilding And Doctrine, Christopher H. Tuck Jun 2016

The "Practice" Problem: Peacebuilding And Doctrine, Christopher H. Tuck

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.


Victory In Today's Wars: New Insights On The Role Of Communications, James P. Farwell Jun 2016

Victory In Today's Wars: New Insights On The Role Of Communications, James P. Farwell

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.


Commentary And Reply, Usawc Press Jun 2016

Commentary And Reply, Usawc Press

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.


Preparing For North Korea's Collapse: Key Stabilization Tasks, Michael A. Spangler Jun 2016

Preparing For North Korea's Collapse: Key Stabilization Tasks, Michael A. Spangler

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.