Defense and Security Studies Commons^™

Editor's Note, Leandrit Mehmeti

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

This issue of the Journal of Peace, Conflict and Security Studies (JPCSS) marks the beginning of the journal’s second volume. Building on the foundations established during our first year of publication, Volume 2, Issue 1 continues our commitment to providing a multidisciplinary platform for scholarship addressing contemporary questions of peace, conflict, security, statehood and international affairs

Muharremi, Robert, And Alisa Ramadani. Transforming A Guerrilla Into A Regular Army: From The Kosovo Liberation Army To The Army Of The Republic Of Kosovo. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2024., Besa Kabashi Ramaj

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

Robert Muharremi and Alisa Ramadani’s Transforming a Guerrilla into a Regular Army: From the Kosovo Liberation Army to the Army of the Republic of Kosovo seeks to provide an accessible, academic narrative of Kosovo’s security transformation. It traces the evolution from the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), through the Kosovo Protection Corps (KPC), to the current Kosovo Security Force (KSF). The result of this evolution is a military force which today holds a full-fledged defense mission.

Visoka, Gëzim. The Derecognition Of States. Ann Arbor: University Of Michigan Press, 2024., Aidan Hehir

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

Gëzim Visoka describes the derecognition of states as “a puzzling feature in world politics” (p. 114). This is certainly true. For many decades derecognition was a peripheral concern given it was rarely practiced after the UN was established in 1945; one notable exception being the derecognition of Taiwan, which has been ongoing since the 1950s. In recent years, however, it has become of significantly greater interest as it has become more common; of the five cases Visoka examines – Taiwan, Western Sahara, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, and Kosovo – four are very definitely products of the post-Cold War era. Despite this, …

Hehir, Aidan. Kosovo And The “Internationals”: Hope, Hubris, And The End Of History. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2024, Sead Zimeri

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

Hope is enjoying a scholarly renaissance. Building on the “standard account” of hope as a desire for an outcome believed to be possible, recent work by Luc Bovens, Victoria McGeer, Adrienne Martin, Darrel Moellendorf, Michael Milona, and Katie Stockdale has refined the concept, distinguishing it from optimism and expectation, and asking when hoping is rational and what it requires. Yet this literature has remained largely within moral psychology; sustained tests against concrete political history are rare. Conversely, the enormous literature on humanitarian intervention and state-building has had much to say about power, legitimacy, and paternalism, and almost nothing about hope. …

Arms Proliferation And Its Control Mechanism In Nigeria: An Assessment, Mubarak Sulaiman Jamiu, Seyid Ishola Hassan, Adedoyin John Towoju

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

The proliferation of small arms and light weapons (SALWs) in Nigeria has emerged as a critical threat to national security and political stability. Despite the enactment of various legislative frameworks, including the Firearms Act of 1959, the circulation of illicit firearms continues unabated, exacerbating terrorism, militancy, and organized crime across the country. This study critically examines the causes, implications, and potential solutions to SALW proliferation in Nigeria, focusing on governance failures, legal inefficiencies, and institutional weaknesses. Utilizing State Fragility Theory and Failed State Theory, the research identifies how poor governance, corruption, and the lack of effective enforcement have contributed to …

One Land, “Different Owners”: Theoretical Explanations Of Communal Conflicts In Nigeria, Chukwudi G. Njoku

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

Communal conflicts are prevalent in Nigeria, with thousands of fatalities recorded. Literature suggests that an overwhelming percentage of these conflicts are land ownership related. Through a systematic review of literature and an analysis of conflict data, this study provides further understanding of the role of land ownership and competition in the occurrence and lethality of communal conflicts. It argues that land competition, more than other socio-economic factors is the key driver of communal conflicts in Nigeria. The findings from the analyses are explained with three theories – the tragedy of the commons which proved that the conflicts are triggered by …

Assessment Of Nigeria's Military's Efforts In Combating Boko Haram Terrorism (2015-2023), Adedoyin Jolaade Omede, Oluwafemi Babatunde Oladimeji

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

This study assessed the Nigerian military’s efforts in combat against Boko Haram's terrorism between 2015 and 2023. This study adopted a qualitative methodology. Secondary data was utilised, and the data was analysed using content analysis to achieve the objectives of this study. The key findings are: initially, the Western states particularly the US hesitated to give Nigeria support against Boko Haram due to Herskovits Factor and human rights (Leahy Law) concerns but later in 2015, they provided military aid and financial support alongside other international actors; there was a decline in Boko Haram’s attacks and fatalities between 2015 and 2023 …

Heutagogy In Education: Transforming The Learner Experience, Andrej Iliev, Nevena Serafimova, Anita Ilieva Nikolovska, Dimitar Bogatinov, Aleksandar Petrovski, Biljana Karovska

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

Heutagogy (pronounced hyoo-tuh-goh-jee), derived from the Greek word "heureske," meaning "to discover," is closely related to heuristic learning. Coined by Hase and Kenyon in 2000, heutagogy refers to self-determined learning that operates independently of traditional teaching structures. Unlike pedagogy and andragogy, which emphasize teacher-directed instruction, heutagogy shifts the focus to learner autonomy, allowing students to choose what and how they learn.

Heutagogy represents a shift from teacher-centered to learner-centered education, grounded in two key philosophical approaches: humanism and constructivism. Humanism places the learner at the center of the educational process, while constructivism emphasizes active, self-determined learning. Although andragogy, which focuses …

Curriculum Insertion Proposal For The Academic-Military Education: The Rising Of Unmanned Aerial Systems (Uas/Drones) In Modern Combat, Tiago Marques Dos Santos Filho

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

The use of drones in the latest generation of combat has revolutionized military operations, offering new tactical and strategic-operational capabilities. Based on the author's practical experience and reference literature, using UAS in urban combat, peacekeeping missions, and jungle operations has proven to be extremely effective, providing significant advantages in terms of intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, and air support. Equipped with high-resolution cameras and advanced sensors, drones allow the collection of real-time critical information, assisting quick and accurate decision-making. This background raises the question of whether it is relevant to formally address this topic in academic-military undergraduation. The main hypothesis, that the …

Reforming Military Curriculum In The Era Of Big Data: Case Study Of The Albanian Armed Forces Academy, Etleva Smaci Assoc Prof

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

The digital revolution and the emergence of Big Data have profoundly impacted modern military operations. As data becomes a strategic asset, military education must evolve to prepare officers not only for traditional combat but also for data driven decision-making.

This case study explores how the Albanian Armed Forces Academy can reform its military curriculum to meet the demands of the Big Data era. The analysis is based on a review of contemporary literature and a survey conducted among students enrolled in the technology program at the Faculty of Defense and Security.

Findings indicate that students perceive the integration of big …

The Potential Impact Of Simulation Based Learning In The Kosovo Security Force, Brikena Avdyli, Arbesa Zenuni

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

As the Kosovo Security Force (KSF) undergoes a strategic transformation into a fully operational military force, the need for modern and adaptive training methods has become increasingly urgent. While recent investments have focused on personnel growth, weapon procurement, and defense infrastructure, the integration of simulation-based learning (SBL) into training programs has not yet been considered. This study explores the potential of SBL - particularly virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and wargaming - as a tool for enhancing the readiness and adaptability of KSF personnel. Drawing on existing literature, the study evaluates the benefits and challenges of each technology in …

Itegration Of Emerging Technologies In Cybersecurity Education, Dimitar Bogatinov, Nevena Serafimova, Aleksandar Petrovski, Andrej Iliev, Biljana Karovska

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

Emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Virtual Reality (VR) are revolutionizing cybersecurity education by offering immersive, interactive learning experiences tailored to the tech-savvy Generation Z and Alpha learners. Traditional educational methods are increasingly inadequate for preparing students to navigate the rapidly evolving cyber threat landscape.

Virtual labs, AI-driven tutors, and cyber training environments create dynamic learning opportunities where students can engage in realistic simulations to develop critical skills in threat detection, response, and mitigation. However, challenges such as high implementation costs, rapid technological advancements, and a shortage of qualified instructors complicate the integration of these technologies.

Despite these challenges, …

Military Academic-Scientific Production In Times Of Generative Ai: Ethical Boundaries And Challenges For Strategic Stability, Arlindo J. Barros Junior, Rômulo F. Santos, Weslei J. Batista

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

The adoption of emerging and disruptive technologies, which includes Artificial Intelligence (AI), has driven profound transformations across various sectors and in human behavior in recent years, permeating nearly all fields of knowledge. In this context, the use of AI as a tool to support academic-scientific production cannot be considered an exception. Additionally, there is a growing need for AI literacy for its users, for regulation and for the establishment of criteria to ensure these technologies are employed ethically and responsibly. In light of this global trend, the Brazilian Army has been seeking ways to regulate, manage, and optimize the use …

Simulation-Based Learning In Security Studies: A Rubric-Guided Approach To Nato–Russia Dynamics On The Korean Peninsula, Travis Morris, Yangmo Ku, Maggie Mitchell

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

This article examines the implementation and efficacy of a team-taught simulation-based learning series designed to deepen students’ understanding of NATO–Russia interactions on the Korean Peninsula. Drawing on the principles of Bloom’s Taxonomy and guided by a comprehensive rubric, this framework provides a structured, progressive approach to developing learners’ analytical, evaluative, and creative competencies. Through six sequential simulations using the SEERIST platform—culminating in strategic policy recommendations—students enhance their ability to recall foundational knowledge, apply complex concepts, analyze multifaceted scenarios, evaluate diverse outcomes, and propose innovative solutions. The article discusses theoretical underpinnings, the design and implementation of the simulation series, the associated …

‘Reflective Learning’ – Teaching The South African Military Academy Way, Jean Pierre Scherman Dr

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

Professional military education for young officers within the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) has since 1950 been vested within the South African Military Academy (SAMA), Faculty of Military Science, Stellenbosch University. As an all services academy, the SAMA houses student from all four arms of service that constitute the SANDF, namely the South African Army, Navy, Air Force and Medical Health Services. With such a vastly different student body, the five schools within the SAMA correspondingly cover an extremely varied field of study ranging from military law and military management to military psychology all the way to more traditional …

Modernizing Military Education In Kosovo: From Theory To Practice Through Innovation And Technology, Linda Ziberi, Dardan Syla

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

This paper examines the need for Kosovo's Military Academy (KMA) to modernize its education system, particularly its necessity to transition from a theory-based methodology to more modern and innovative teaching and training approaches that incorporate advanced technology. Despite ongoing institutional development, the Kosovo Military Academy continues to rely on traditional teaching methods, which limits its capacity to prepare cadets for the demands of modern military operations. Barriers such as limited funding, outdated infrastructure, and resistance to pedagogical change further complicate efforts to modernize.

To address these challenges, the paper advocates for the adoption of modern, learner-centered strategies, including Simulation and …

The Greatest Victory: Teaching Strategy And Peace Through Negotiation, W. Chad Austin

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

This article examines how structured negotiation instruction, centered on the Circle of Value framework, enhances the critical and strategic thinking skills of cadets at the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA). Drawing on experiential learning, role-play simulations, and case studies—such as U.S.-China tensions over Taiwan—the article demonstrates how cadets apply integrative negotiation techniques to real-world geopolitical scenarios. The Circle of Value framework emphasizes interest-based negotiation, objective criteria, creative option generation, and the development of mutually beneficial outcomes. Through written analysis, live negotiation exercises, and reflective feedback, cadets build key competencies in communication, decision-making under pressure, and conflict resolution. The paper …

Language Alignment And Career Outcomes In International Military Education: A Study Of United States Military Academy Graduates, Erin Lemons

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

Host country/sending country language alignment is an understudied topic within the field of international military education. While individual-level language barriers are recognized, this study asks how national-level language proficiency levels can influence international military graduates’ retention. International cadets from countries with lower proficiency in the host nation’s language may be selected primarily for their language skills rather than their military potential. Moreover, the acquisition of the host nation’s language and culture during international cadets’ studies may increase the attractiveness of private-sector opportunities upon their return home. At the same time, countries with lower proficiency levels in the host language may …

In Extremis: An International Perspective On Military Leadership Training In Extreme Situations, Sarah Von Felten

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

This comparative study explores how military leadership is developed and executed in extreme situations across diverse national contexts, including Switzerland, South Africa, India, Israel, and Canada. Each country adapts its leadership training and doctrine based on historical experiences, operational demands, and institutional culture. While some militaries, like Canada, emphasize values-based leadership aligned with democratic principles, others, such as India, prioritize cultural ethos and leading by example. Conscription-based systems like Israel’s and Switzerland`s rely heavily on early, experiential leadership, while professional forces like South Africa focus on psychological resilience and adaptability. Training approaches range from academic and doctrinal frameworks to immersive, …

Editor's Note, Leandrit Mehmeti

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

This special issue of the Journal of Peace, Conflict and Security Studies (JPCSS) originates from the International Symposium of Military Academies (ISOMA) 2025, held in Prishtina, Kosovo, on November 11–13, 2025 and hosted by the Kosovo Defense Academy (KDA). The symposium convened scholars, military educators, policymakers, and practitioners from across the world to examine how military education can effectively adapt to the emerging demands and complexities of the twenty-first century. The overarching theme,“Adapting Military Education for 21st Century Challenges: Innovations in Teaching and Learning for Global Security”, encapsulates the necessity for transformation, interdisciplinary dialogue, and technological integration within modern defense …

Call For Papers, Leandrit Mehmeti

Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies

You are invited to submit a paper for possible inclusion in the first issue of the Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies (JPCSS). JPCSS is housed in the Political Science and Public Policy department of the Rochester Institute of Technology-Kosova (RITK). This is an international peer-reviewed journal published as a joined venture of the RIT main campus in Rochester, NY, RITK in Prishtina, and the Kosovo Defence Academy.